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Property of Srem Jews during the Holocaust
No full textTeritorija Srema je u toku Drugog svetskog rata bila u sastavu ustaške Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. Odmah po osnivanju NDH aprila 1941. godine, započeli su progoni Srba, Jevreja i Roma. Veoma brzo se na udaru našla jevrejska imovina koju su Jevreji morali službeno da prijave vlastima počevši od 5. juna 1941. godine. Posebno su podnošene prijave imovine za fizička lica, a posebno za firme. Ova dokumentacija se danas čuva u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu u Zagrebu. Sačuvano je ukupno 581 prijava za Jevreje iz srpskog dela Srema.Web strana (portal
Regarding one document from the Jewish community of Leskovac, from 1937
No full textU radu će biti saopšteni statistički podaci o jevrejskoj zajednici u gradu na Veternici, za stanje u prethodnoj, 1936. godini. Podatke koje je potraživalo centralno telo jevrejske zajednice u Jugoslaviji - Savez jevrejskih veroispovednih opština, rukovodstvo JO Leskovac je temeljno prikupilo, uredno obradilo i blagovremeno poslalo potražiocima. Podaci koji su bili od interesa za Savez odnose se na opšte prilike u jevrejskim opštinama u vezi sa demografijom, članstvom, opštinskim ustanovama, verskim životom članova, njihovim školovanjem, profesionalnom orijentacijom i stanjem u budžetu opštine. Dokument se nalazi u posedu autora i pripada celini istovetnih predmeta drugih jevrejskih opština Jugoslavije. Svi su oni nastali iz istih potreba i završili na adresu Saveza, koji ih je dalje obrađivao i služio se njima za tekuće i buduće aktivnosti. Dokumenti su u formi obrasca sa pitanjima i ostavljenim slobodnim prostorom za odgovore otkucanim na pisaćoj mašini, srpskim jezikom i latiničnim pismom. Zastupljeno je ukupno 14 pitanja raspoređenih na obe strane jednog lista dokumenta. Uz štambilje pošiljaoca i primaoca, na njemu se nalaze i potpisi ovlašćenih lica ispred pošiljaoca, koji su garantovali verodostojnost pruženih podataka.This paper will present the statistical data about the Jewish community in the city placed on the Veternica River in 1936 - the previous year. The information requested by the central body of the Jewish community in Yugoslavia - the Federation of Jewish Religious Communities, had been thoroughly collected, duly processed and sent to the claimants in a timely manner by the management of the Jewish Community of Leskovac. Data concerning the Federation’s interests are referencing the general conditions in Jewish communities with regards to demographics, membership, municipal institutions, and religious life of its members, as well as the professional orientation and state of affairs of municipal budgets. This document is in the possession of the author of this paper and belongs to the entirety of identical items from other Jewish communities of Yugoslavia. They were all compiled for the same reason - ending up in the Federation - which had then processed and used them for current and future activities. The documents were created as a form containing questions and empty space for answers printed on a typewriter, in the Serbian language and with the Latin script. There is a total of 14 questions distributed across both sides of the one-sheet document. In addition to the seals of the sender and the recipient, it contains the signatures of persons authorized by the sender, who had guaranteed the authenticity of the data provided.Finalna verzija rada objavljena je u časopisu "Novi legat", broj 1, za 2020. godinu, str. 131-138 (the final version of the paper was published in the magazine "Novi legat", No. 1, 2020, page 131-138)
Creation of Israel. The role of Yugoslavia in that process and determination according to it
Get PDFČlanak govori o dešavanjima početkom dvadesetog veka na Bliskom istoku. Prati događaje na tlu ondašnje Palestine, reagovanja u državnoj politici Velike Britanije u odnosu na građane Palestine. Govori o naporima da se uredi život između dva sukobljena entiteta: arapskog i jevrejskog. Članak govori o nastajanju države Izrael. Prati stav Jugoslavije u tom procesu nastanka države Izrael i određivanje prema njemu. Govori o uspostavljanju diplomatskih odnosa Jugoslavije sa Izraelom i prati te odnose do prekida diplomatskih odnosa.The article is about the events of the early twentieth century in the Middle East. It follows the events on the territory of former Palestine, the reactions in the state policy of Great Britain in relation to the citizens of Palestine. It talks about efforts to regulate life between two conflicting entities: the Arab and the Jewish. The article talks about the creation of the state of Israel. It follows the position of Yugoslavia in that process of the formation of the state of Israel and the determination towards it. He talks about the establishment of diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and Israel and follows those relations until the breaking of diplomatic relations
Sobre la lengua de los Judíos Sefardíes
Get PDFLos sefardíes llegaron desde España a Sarajevo después de la expulsión con relativa rapidez, pero no directamente como de los puertos del Imperio Otomano (Constantinopla y Salónica). Hay datos de que habían aparecido en Sarajevo ya antes de 1520, y según algunos solo más tarde, lo que al fin y al cabo no es tan importante. Es mucho más importante que trajeran consigo un enorme patrimonio cultural, que se iba formando a lo largo de los siglos. Esta cultura, además de la dimensión judía, formó parte de la tricultura (judeo-árabecristiana) del siglo XIII al XVI (El siglo del oro), la “edad de oro”. El idioma que pertenecía a esa cultura fue enriquecido por los sefardíes con las palabras de los pueblos de otras culturas de los países a los que llegaron. Ese idioma se hablaría durante siglos. Con la llegada del Imperio austrohúngaro, el horizonte de los judíos sefardíes cambió mucho. Los judíos, al igual que otros conciudadanos, hablaban árabe, turco e incluso persa, pero no sabían alemán, por lo que en ese momento se volvieron analfabetos. Surgió la necesidad de aprender nuevos idiomas, por lo que los sefardíes fueron a escuelas laicas. Sin embargo, tenían una entonación especial del habla que persistía incluso cuando hablaban tanto alemán oficial como serbo-croata, por lo que fueron reconocidos especialmente por los profesores que luego advirtieron a los padres que esta entonación no coincidía con la entonación de otros estudiantes. Los padres olvidaron el hecho importantísimo de que esta entonación, que estaba prohibida, había sido la expresión básica del alma del pueblo sefardí durante siglos. Desde entonces, ha comenzado el arruinamiento de ambos subidiomas del discurso de los sefardíes de Sarajevo. Sin embargo, no se puede decir que esta fue la única razón de esa ruina. En gran medida, esto también lo hicieron los padres que querían que sus hijos no fueran diferentes a los demás niños, por esa entonación, por lo que les prohibieron hablar ese idioma en casa. Este idioma se habló hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Solo una décima parte de los supervivientes del Holocausto permaneció en Sarajevo. Estas personas también desaparecieron de manera natural. Después del año 1992, sólo quedaron en Sarajevo unos pocos hablantes de ese idioma. El idioma y la literatura de los sefardíes bosnios generalmente no se valoran tanto como se merecen. Lo mismo pasó con Sarajevo, que en el pasado fue un gran centro sefardí, después de Constantinopla y Salónica. Aquí se crearon grandes y apreciadas obras de literatura rabínica, así como de literatura laica. Filólogos de fama mundial trabajaron en Sarajevo, excelentes expertos no solo en el idioma de los judíos sefardíes, sino también en español y otras lenguas romances, germánicas y eslavas como el Dr. Kalmi Baruch, la Dra. Vita Kajon, el Dr. Samuel Kamhi, el Dr. Samuel Elazar, el Dr. Samuel Romano y otros. En cualquier caso, todos los departamentos de español en la región, y especialmente en Sarajevo, deberían estudiar el idioma de los judíos sefardíes, ya que la cultura de los sefardíes bosnios es una parte integral de la cultura y el patrimonio, no solo de la gente de Bosnia y Herzegovina, sino también más allá.Rad je štampan u septembru/decembru 2020. godine (br. 88-89) kao separat "Jevrejskog glasa" (the paper was printed as a special supplement to "Jevrejski glas" in September/December 2020)
Kadish and the heavenly travelers
Get PDF"Kadišl i nebeski putnici" Jasminke Domaš knjiga je kratkih osobnih portreta zagrebačkih Židova za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, radnjom smještena tik pred uhićenja i odvođenja u logor. Autorica kreira široku paletu likova, od naivnih dječaka i djevojčica, mladih djevojaka i mladića koji se traže, snažnih i emancipiranih žena, uspješnih profesora, umjetnika, liječnika i zanatlija, uhvaćenih u kovitlac neželjenih i mračnih zbivanja. Nema ovdje glavnog lika niti glavnog narativa, jer su svi likovi ujedno protagonisti svoje priče, a narativa je koliko i ljudi. Autorica ispisuje male, svakidašnje zgode običnih ljudi, njihove dnevne putanje, susrete s ljudima iskvarenim politikom, no i trenutke velikih drama koje se odvijaju iznutra."Kadish and the heavenly travelers" by Jasminka Domaš is a book of short personal portraits of Zagreb's Jews during the Second World War, set just before their arrest and deportation to the concentration camp. The author creates a wide variety of characters, from naive boys and girls, young girls and young men who are in demand, strong and emancipated women, successful professors, artists, doctors, and craftsmen, caught in the vortex of unwanted and dark events. There is no main character or main narrative here, because all the characters are the protagonists of their own story, and the narrative is as many as people. The author writes about small, everyday incidents of ordinary people, their daily trajectories, encounters with people corrupted by politics, and also moments of great drama that take place inside.Biblioteka Hrvatski pisc
Migracija koja rađa migraciju - o kontinuitetu u jevrejskoj emigraciji iz Jugoslavije u Palestinu/Izrael
No full textThe Yugoslav participation in the Jewish emigration to Mandatory Palestine and, after 1948, to Israel, can be defined as a process consisting of six stages. When the migration is observed on the level of sociopolitical circumstances, the discontinuity between these stages is apparent. However, the same discontinuity is not to be found when the process is deconstructed down to and examined on the level of families and individuals involved in it. The aspiration of individuals to join members of their families already in Palestine, especially after the tragic losses suffered in the Holocaust, has persevered as one of the key motives driving emigration from Yugoslavia. This paper examines the way in which family ties continuously drove emigration to Mandatory Palestine/Israel and pulled its individual stages into an integral whole. It is primarily based on documents kept at the Archives of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.Učešće Jugoslavije u jevrejskoj emigraciji u Mandatnu Palestinu, a potom, nakon 1948. godine, u Izrael, može se definisati kao proces koji se sastoji iz šest faza. Posmatrano na nivou društveno-političkih okolnosti, između tih faza uočava se diskontinuitet. Međutim, taj diskontinuitet nije prisutan kada se proces razloži i ispita na nivou porodica i pojedinaca koji su u njemu učestvovali. Težnja pojedinaca da se pridruže članovima svojih porodica koji su već bili u Palestini - naročito nakon tragičnih gubitaka pretrpljenih tokom Holokausta - ostala je jedan od ključnih motiva emigracije iz Jugoslavije. Ovaj rad ispituje na koji način su porodične veze kontinuirano podsticale emigraciju u Mandatnu Palestinu/Izrael i povezivale njene pojedinačne faze u celinu. Rad se pretežno zasniva na dokumentima koji se čuvaju u Arhivu Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja u Beogradu.Web stranica časopisa "Istorija 20. veka" (the journal "History of the 20th Century" website) [https://istorija20veka.rs/home-page/
Sephardic migrations in the early modern era. Connectivity between the eastern and western Mediterranean in Post-Byzantine times (XVI and XVII centuries)
Get PDFUmesto da samo potvrđuje starije koncepte podeljenosti između kulturnih sfera različitih avramitskih religija u rano moderno doba, iskustvo sefardskih migracija između zapadnog i istočnog Mediterana, i nazad prema zapadu, tokom XVI i XVII veka zapravo podržava novije teorije o regionalnoj koheziji u različitim delovima mediteranskog sveta. Jevreji iz Sefarada koji su se nakon izgona 1492. godine naselili na istočnom Mediteranu bili su u stalnim i čvrstim vezama sa ostatkom jevrejske populacije u širem mediteranskom arealu i dalje u zemljama na zapadu i severu Evrope i lako su se kretali između hrišćanskih i islamskih zemalja u kojima su živeli i trgovali. Sefardski trgovci i intelektualci su uprkos strogim antijevrejskim merama i zabranama nastavljali da žive i prosperiraju u znatnom broju italijanskih gradova, u velikoj meri upravo zahvaljujući vezama koje su imali sa sunarodnicima u islamskom svetu. Međusobna povezanost sefardskih jevrejskih zajednica mediteranskog prostora svakako je imala veoma važnu ulogu u kreiranju i održavanju izbalansiranih odnosa italijanskih i francuskih gradova, pre svega velikih luka i trgovinskih centara, sa osmanskim svetom istočnog Mediterana. Sefardski Jevreji funkcionisali su sve do kraja XVIII veka kao deo jedinstvene, veoma peripatetične zajednice koja je povezivala istočni Mediteran pod osmanskom vlašću sa Italijom, Francuskom, Nizozemskom i Nemačkom, a odatle i sa novim svetom sa druge strane Atlantika. Mreže povezanosti te zajednice počinju da se kidaju u XVIII veku sa pojavom emancipacije Jevreja u zapadnoevropskim gradovima i sekularizacije jevrejske kulture koja nastaje kao posledica Prosvetiteljstva.Instead of simply offering confirmation of previously upheld concepts of
dividedness between the Abrahamic religions and cultural spheres in the Early
In the modern era, the experience of Sephardic migrations between the western and the eastern Mediterranean, and then back westward over the course of the XVI and XVII centuries actually supports the more recent theories of regional cohesion in the different parts of the Mediterranean world. Jews from the Iberian Peninsula who had, following their exile in 1492, populated the region of the eastern Mediterranean maintained constant and strong ties with other Jewish and especially Sephardic communities not only in that area but further east, north and west. Connected by religion and a common language, Judeo-Spanish or Ladino, they moved easily and crossed the borders of both the Christian and Islamic states in which they resided and thus formed successful and lasting commercial, rabbinic and familial networks. In certain Italian cities with flourishing Sephardic communities, like Livorno, they even enjoyed privileges and were allowed not only to develop trade and commerce but also to attend universities, receive degrees and bear arms. Many other Italian cities, even those with far more restrictive attitudes towards the Jews, maintained successful and balanced relations with the Ottoman world mostly as a result of the ties and networks of connectivity of their resident Sephardic communities with those in the eastern Mediterranean, in Asia Minor and North Africa. As part of a process which, in a manner of speaking, reflected the convivéncia among the Jews, Christians and Muslims of medieval Iberia, the Sephardic world of the XVI and XVII centuries functioned outside and regardless of strict political borders and demarcations were drawn between the Christian and Islamic states of the Mediterranean. Until the very dawn of the modern era, Sephardic Jews functioned as part of a unified and unique and highly mobile network of communities that brought together the eastern Mediterranean region under the Ottoman rule with Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany and, from there, with the New World on the other side of the Atlantic. Networks of connectivity established in the XVI and XVII centuries began to tear apart with the emancipation and secularization of Jewish culture and identity in Western European cities and the onset of the era of Enlightenment.Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije podržalo je organizovanje naučnog skupa (the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia supported the organization of the scientific conference)
1951-1952 competition for the Monument to the fallen Jewish soldiers and victims of fascism in the Sephardi cemetery in Belgrade
Get PDFU želji da očuva sećanje na svoje sunarodnike stradale u Holokaustu, već tokom prvih posleratnih godina jevrejska zajednica u Jugoslaviji je počela da gradi spomenike posvećene stradalim jevrejskim žrtvama i borcima. Među spomenicima podignutim u ovom periodu, svojim umetničkim ali i političkim značajem, isticao se Spomenik jevrejskim borcima i žrtvama fašizma, izgrađen na Sefardskom groblju u Beogradu 1952. godine, koji je bio posvećen svim Jevrejima sa teritorije SR Srbije stradalim u Drugom svetskom ratu. Cilj ovog članka je da kroz analizu konkursa za podizanje tog spomenika, na osnovu građe iz Arhiva Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja u Beogradu, doprinese proučavanju kulture sećanja na žrtve Holokausta u jugoslovenskom socijalizmu, ali i da prikaže umetnička, društvena i ideološka stremljenja u vremenu kada se Jugoslavija, nakon raskida s Informbiroom, našla na političkoj prekretnici. Proučavanjem simbolike i estetike pomenutog dela, cilj nam je da doprinesemo boljem razumevanju arhitekte Bogdana Bogdanovića na početku njegovog stvaralačkog rada.In their wish to preserve the memory of the compatriots who lost their lives in the Holocaust, the Jewish community in Yugoslavia started erecting monuments to Jewish civil victims and fallen soldiers as early as the first few post-WWII years. The Monument to the Fallen Jewish Soldiers and Victims of Fascism put up in the Sephardi cemetery in Belgrade in 1952, potent with artistic and political significance, stood out from the rest of the monuments of the period. It was dedicated to all the Jews from the Socialist Republic of Serbia who lost their lives in World War II. The purpose of this article is to analyse the competition for the design of the monument by examining the documents from the Archives of the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade, thus making a contribution to the research of the culture of Holocaust remembrance in the Yugoslav Socialism, but also to show artistic, social and ideological aspirations of the time when, after the Cominform schism, Yugoslavia was at political crossroads. By exploring the symbolism and aesthetic values of this work, the research presented in this paper attempts to enhance the understanding of architect Bogdan Bogdanović's early creative efforts
20 years of the Research and Documentation Center CENDO: 2000-2020
Get PDFOva knjiga napisana je povodom dvadesetogodišnjice osnutka Istraživačkog i dokumentacijskog centra CENDO u Zagrebu. CENDO je posebna znanstvena institucija, a osnovala ga je prof. dr. sc. Melita Švob nakon što je otišla u mirovinu, kako bi nastavila sa istraživanja o Židovima koja je radila u Institutu za migracije i narodnosti u Zagrebu. Tako su i neki međunarodni projekti čiji je ona nosilac bila preneseni u CENDO. Velika potreba za točnim i verificiranim podacima o Židovima stradalim u Holokaustu stvaranjem baze podataka žrtava Holokausta utjecala je na odluku o osnivanju CENDA pri Židovskoj općini Zagreb, čije su osnivanje poduprli Claims konferencija i JOINT. Ovo nije samo uobičajeni administrativni izvještaj o radu CENDA, ovo je i prikaz "u riječi i slici" o brojnim projektima, suradnicima, donatorima, rezultatima pa i odjeku koje su pojedine akcije i rezultati imali. Da bi ih ostvarili CENDO je imao odličnu znanstvenu ekipu organiziranu po projektima, savjesne administrativne i druge suradnike i, što je najvažnije, potporu osoba koje su preživjele Holokaust i njihovih organizacija. Istraživanja CENDA su poznata, referirana na međunarodnim simpozijima i konferencijama i publicirana u knjigama i časopisima. Njihov popis priložen je na kraju knjige. Ova knjiga će doprinijeti poznavanju i afirmaciji CENDA kao i cijele židovske zajednice kojoj je njegov rad posvećen.This book was written on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of the founding of the CENDO - Research and Documentation Center in Zagreb. CENDO is a special scientific institution. It was founded by prof. dr. sc. Melita Švob after she retired. She continued her research on the Jews she worked on at the Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies in Zagreb. Thus, some international projects she managed were transferred to CENDO. The great need for accurate and verified data on Jews killed in the Holocaust by creating a database of Holocaust victims influenced the decision to establish CENDO at the Jewish Community of Zagreb, the establishment of which was supported by the Claims Conference and JOINT.
This is not only the usual administrative report on the work of CENDO, this is also a presentation "in words and pictures" of numerous projects, contributors, donors, results and even the impact that individual actions and results had. To accomplish them, CENDO had an excellent scientific team organized by projects, conscientious administrative and other contributors and, most importantly, the support of Holocaust survivors and their organizations. CENDO research is well-known, referenced at international symposia and conferences, and published in books and journals. Their list is attached at the end of the book. This book will contribute to the knowledge and affirmation of CENDO as well as the entire Jewish community to which his work is dedicated
Personal stories of Holocaust survivors and their children - Dijamanti Beraha Kovačević
No full textNVO Haver Srbija organizovala je u julu 2020. godine organizovala vitruelnu konferenciju „Kako možemo prevazići traumu izazvanu događajima u Nezavisnoj državi Hrvatskoj tokom Drugog svetskog rata“. Prvi deo konferencije održan je u nedelju 19. jula , a drugi deo nedelju dana kasnije, 26. jula. Konferencija se bavila kulturom, sećanja, posledicama višegeneracijeske traume, pomirenjem i prevazilaženjem posledica traume kroz međuetnički i međureligijski dialog, muziku, umetnost i lično isceljenje. Na konferenciji su govorili i preživeli i njihovi potomci, Dani Novak, Dušan Bastašić, Dijamanti Beraha Kovačević i Mirijam Aviezer, istoričari dr Rory Yeomans, dr Aleksandar Stojanović, dr Darko Gavrilović, Prof.dr Tijana Mandić, profesorka Nada Banjanin Đuričić, novinarka Nada Ljubić, muzičar, kantor i producent Stefan Sablić i operski pevač i dirigent hora ”Braća Baruh”, Stefan Zekić. Inicijator konferencije bio je gospodin Dani Novak, sin preživelih Holokausta.In July 2020, the NGO Haver Serbia organized a virtual conference "How can we overcome the trauma caused by the events in the Independent State of Croatia during the Second World War". The first part of the conference was held on Sunday, July 19, and the second part a week later, on July 26. The conference dealt with culture, memories, the consequences of multigenerational trauma, reconciliation and overcoming the consequences of trauma through inter-ethnic and inter-religious dialogue, music, art and personal healing. Survivors and their descendants, Dani Novak, Dušan Bastašić, Dijamanti Beraha Kovačević and Mirijam Aviezer, historians Dr. Rory Yeomans, Dr. Aleksandar Stojanović, Dr. Darko Gavrilović, Prof. Dr. Tijana Mandić, Professor Nada Banjanin Đuričić, journalist Nada Ljubić spoke at the conference, musician, cantor and producer Stefan Sablić and opera singer and conductor of the "Braća Baruh" choir, Stefan Zekić. Mr Dani Novak the son of Holocaust survivors was the initiator of the conference.Trajanje 22:53 minuta (duration 22:53 minutes).YouTube link: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYYqG5UiNfo