International Research Journal of Tamil
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Ploughing Occupation and its Techniques in Sangam Literature
Get PDFSangam literature is a repository of Tamil culture. Literature has divided the way of life of the people of the Sangam into two parts, love and heroism, and has led them to know the life and development of the people of that time with their social background. What helped man greatly to attain civilization in such a life were the various occupations in which he little by little learned. Among them, it must be said that the agricultural industry has greatly contributed to the development of civilization. The use of technology, such as researching the farming industry and technology in agriculture, as well as in the Sangam literature techniques include a variety of tasks such as plowing, irrigating, seeding, transplanting, cultivating, weeding, crop protection, fertilising, harvesting, crop rotation, transplanting, cropping, and many more are also explained. 
The status of shepherds in the novel ‘Keethari’
Get PDFThe author of the novel 'Keethari' is S. Tamilselvi. The introductory message about the novelist summarizes all the details about education, work, marriage, family, and arrival to the field of writing. In this novel, the shepherds lead a nomadic life due to the occupational system. Due to their sheep herding occupations, nature leads them to live a nomadic life in search of grazing and water. Men and women are engaged in sheep herding without any discrimination. Therefore, the habits of the shepherds change accordingly. The diets of the shepherds' lives are also structured to suit the nomadic life. In that way, the artifacts used by the shepherds are also different from the artifacts of the common people. Some professional beliefs are found among the shepherds when steering sheep. Marriage is one of the major turning points in human life. At such an important juncture in the life of the bridegroom, he has to go to the shepherd. Therefore, in the life of the shepherds, instead of the bridegroom, they perform the wedding rites with the shepherd's crook. The article sets out to explore the rituals, stories, songs, deities worshiped by the shepherds, the blessings bestowed on the shepherds by Parvathi and Lord Shiva, and the manifestation of the shepherds' kindness in their daily troubles of the shepherds
Biographical and Cultural Elements in S.R.G. Sundaram’s Short Stories
Get PDFCulture is the one that interacts with the lives of living people from ancient times to the present day and from time to time. S.R.G. Sundaram, who is awarded with ‘Bharathi Paniselvar’, is a multifaceted literary creator. Our Tamil world is well aware of his contribution to the development of Tamil. Like Valliyappa, he is also a prolific writer, who has made significant contributions in the form of short stories, plays, novels, songs, essays, and short stories for children. S.R.G. Sundaram has been doing his work since the age of seventeen (since 1957) and still does it today with deep knowledge and creative thinking. In his short stories, many cultural elements are found, such as love, rationality, hospitality, friendship, loneliness, love for life, diligence, punctuality, and patriotism. The purpose of this study is to explore and sort them out
Madurai Maruthan Ilanaganar and the Nadukal Culture of the Sangam Age
Get PDFAncient poets sang in many songs about the mediators taken for warriors in Sangam literature. Madurai Maruthan Ilanaganar, a contemporary of the Pandya king Nanmaran Valuthi, mentions his rare ideas about planting in six songs. This article explores the structure, developmental status of the mediators, the engraving, the imprinting of the human figure, the character of the engraver and the disintegration of the figure, the heroic deed of the opposing hero, and the implantation of messages about his heroism with the implant culture
The Political Postulates Constructed in the Epic Perunkathai
Get PDFDuring Sangam era, petty kings those who were ruling small territories or emperors who conquered many countries and built empires have followed monarchy. This was told in verses of Purananuru (400 heroic poems about kings). It said that, kingdom is hereditary; after a king, only his son has the right to rule his empire. Elderly son takes the crown and his siblings govern and support him in ruling the kingdom. The eldest one who got the right to rule differ themselves according to their mind-set. It will be a burden for those who just depend on tax collection from the people of his kingdom. Whereas it will be as easy as carrying a weight less cork for those who has nobility and excellence. Similarly, an epic King named Udhayanan, who has the right and qualities of a King was crowned by his uncle Vikkiran to rule Vaishali in his young age. This article researches and analyses the political ethics of King Udhayanan through the Tamil poem Perungathai (A Tamil poem that portraits history of King Udhayaṇan)
S. Tamilselvan’s Short Story 'Subbuttai' from a Sociological Point of View
Get PDFAmong Tamil writers in the Karisal region, S. Tamilselvan's story, Subhuthai, is said to point to the plight of child labor. The Subhuthai story points to the psychological tendency of a child to express her emotional state in a realistic way while carrying the burden of the family at the age of going to school, and thinking of her mother and the baby in her arms, without talking about education at all. No matter how many short stories have been written about child labor in the history of Tamil short stories, this story highlights the plight of child labor, which is considered a disgrace to society. His story has done an unparalleled job of convincing the upper class through such stories to stop the children working at their homes and send them to school. Another important domain in the works of Tamilselvan are the stories of Subbuthai, Voices, Lunger Boy, Word, and Mynakkal, which tell us about the mental world of children, the stories of the nostalgic crises of children from economically disadvantaged families. Through Subhuthai, the expressions of Karisal children’s lifestyle is said to be voiced
Literary Criticism and the Preservation of Feminism in the Perspective of Periyar
Get PDFFather Periyar was a world leader in building the power for social change. He emphasized the need for education to transform feminism into a barrier to social progress and to establish a society of social justice and equality. Participates in re-reading genetics and critically presenting examples or recording rational solutions. Father Periyar's rational theories also turned the literary scene into a furnace. Organizations organized as sharp tools in his rational furnace reacted as discussion, dialogue, critique, evaluation, re-reading, innovation. He put in front of his view what was recorded in them and made it a subject of emancipation, women's emancipation, social justice, self-respect and rationality. Thus, he wanted the female characters in the literature to be created as independent, economically entitled and self-determined. Periyar therefore emphasizes the need for feminism, which Periyar sometimes denounces traditional feminist myths. Father Periyar was a social scientist who created the Dravidian movement's creative lineage and caused a social revolution. News about feminism can be found in this article
The Scientific Society and the Spiritual Society in the Novel ‘Iraiyuthir Kaadu’
Get PDFPeople's lives are intended to various changes in today's society. Novel literature is required in particular to record those changes because novel and society are intertwined. Indira Soundarrajan's ‘Irayuthir Kaadu’ is a testament to the social history novel which is a mix of historical and contemporary events. The research area of this article is the scientific society and the spiritual society of the above-mentioned novel. The Sociological Approach has been adopted for this research to analyze the dependency of people on technological gadgets and the state of spirituality in today’s society
The Tribal Community that the Novel 'Pandichi' Reveals
Get PDFThere are many ethnic groups in human society. Those ethnic groups have set some rules for themselves and are living in isolation from modern society. Contemporary literature continues to record such communities. Alli Fathima’s ‘Pandichi’ novel is one of them. Alli Fathima has designed it as a novel to stay with the tribal people living in the ‘Ponvala’ forest on the Kerala border next to Theni and look at their lives. The characteristics of the people who have created a separate society for themselves in the ‘Ponvala’ forest. The rules they have set for themselves. The punishments to be given to those who violate the rules Restrictions. Their unique political system, medical system, marriage system and all the elements has recorded in the novel. The study is set to explore the community of the general public portrayed in the ‘Pondichi’ novel
Emphasis on Gender Equality in the Novels of Thilagavathi
Get PDFIn this era too, where technology has developed and our education and basic needs are fulfilled through the internet, we see that women slavery prevails at many levels. Women's life has been continuously regressed in many stages till this century, such as being treated as secondary in the position of raising female children from birth to upbringing, being held back in educational opportunities and subsequent employment opportunities, living up to family responsibilities, and valuing men's views in public life. Apart from that, women are being used as consumer goods promoters at the social level and as household goods at the family level. It is because of the ideas that have been ingrained in women's minds for a long time. But nowadays, due to the subtle awareness of women and the bold revolutionary voices, changes have taken place in these situations. However, the attempt to change the status of women slavery (gender inequality), which was deeply rooted in social, political, religious, and family platforms, has not achieved full success in society till date. Just as the efforts of feminist theorists and social reformers to achieve partial status in the creation of gender equality have made an essential contribution, literature has also contributed to social change. Based on that, the creator, Thilagavathi, has created awareness among women to get gender balance by symbolising the existing gender inequality in society through her novels. This article attempts to explain it in detail