International Research Journal of Tamil
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The Social Change Represented in the Psychology of Women Characters Portrayed by S. Ramakrishnan
Get PDFTamil society is considered to be one of the oldest societies. Various problems like caste and economic inequalities along with gender differences exist in this society. Among these, gender inequality serves as a subject of debate till date. In society, women are not treated equally. In areas such as education, employment and marriage, women are treated poorly as compared to men. This inequality appears in different manners at different stages in time. Contemporary literature is written to show antagonism to this inequality. Particularly, short stories play a vital role in delineating these differences. Short story writer S. Ramakrishnan has given centre stage to the day-to-day problems faced by women in his short stories. The female characters portrayed in his stories struggle to establish their equality in spite of the troubles life throws at them. From his collection of short stories named Avalathu Veedu, two stories Avalathu Veedu and Embaavai are taken as primary sources for this research article. This article analyses the psychology of two female characters, Agalya and Nanmathi, who represent the main characters of the selected short stories. The social change represented from their psychological characteristics is also discussed. The principles of psychological defence mechanism is used to analyse the characteristics of these female characters
Social Change Reflected in the Dignity of Language
Get PDFThe book 'Mozhi Maanam' is a book that explains the importance of protecting the dignity of the Tamil language. The author of this book, M.L. Thangappa, is referred to as Lenin Thangappa by the literary world. A mother tongue education will develop the mind. However, he has written and published this book, saying that it is very sad that the awareness of this language has decreased among Tamils. He regrets that the Tamils themselves are standing against the Tamil language. Is it good to live without dignity? He has made it clear that it is not virtuous to forget the mother and to live in ignorance without trying to protect her. Creative literature has the power to transform people. Therefore, the writer M.L. Thangappa promotes Tamil in all its forms, such as poetry and short stories. He lived as a strong and Tamil person who dared anyone to act against Tamils and was devoted to his language. Native speakers of Tamil struggle to speak and write in Tamil. This article is the result of finding out how the book 'Mozhi Manam' by the Tamil scholar, Sahitya Academy awardee and multilingual scholar M.L. Thangappa, illustrates the situation which has become the biggest problem of social change
The Culture of Ancient Tamils as Shown in ‘Etthuthogai’ (Eight Anthologies) and ‘Pathinenkeelkanakku’ (18 Short Classics)
Get PDFThe development of human knowledge has undergone various evolutions according to the changes of time. From the day man began to think, his intellectual development began to function. A man went to different places in search of food and clothing, and when he stayed in one place, he came into contact with many people there and formed an ethnic group. Thus, human life became social. When man interacts with others and shares in their joys and sorrows and gives them comfort and relief, the mind-dependent behaviours emerge as traits. Traits regulate habits. If a man's actions embody the good qualities he has learned and the virtues taught by tradition become established, they are followed by others. Later, these practises are followed by many and blossom into culture. Culture refers to a person's unique characteristics, morals, behaviors, feelings based on beliefs, values, etc. found in life. Every culture has defined rules of conduct and plays a major role in determining the basic lifestyle of the people belonging to that culture. Culture is what the individual gives to society and what society conveys to the individual. There is no respectable life without character. Without such a culture, the movement of the world would not be better. Good manners are based on the virtues of love, purity, commonality, friendship, virtue, compassion, perspective, gratitude, altruism, tolerance, and neutrality. This article explores these qualities of ancient Tamils in ‘etthuthogai’ (Eight Anthologies) and ‘Pathinenkeelkanakku’ (18 short classics)
Cultural Inscriptions in the Hymns of Anonymous Sangam Poets
Get PDFAmong the languages of the world, Tamil is hailed as the supreme classical language. Tamil is an ancient, classical, and prosperous language. Literature is one factor that enriches the language. In the Sangam society, which was centred on human life, honour for men and chastity for women became ornaments. People lived a cultured life where they lived and let others live. They accepted married life in the community wholeheartedly. Hospitality was prized as the chief virtue. The author names of many hymns are unknown in the Sangam literature, ‘Ettuthogai’, which is such a cultural treasury and primary literature. This research explores the richness of cultural richness, lifestyles, and beliefs found in the songs of anonymous poets
Contemporary Changes in Tamil Cultural Components
Get PDFTamils divide life into two parts, internal and external. They divided the life of the thalaivan and thalaivi’s love affairs that happen together as internal and political life and Socio-economic conditions as external. That's why Valluvar has divided it threefold: virtue, pleasure, and charity. If there is to be happiness and peace in life, everyone should impose certain duties and morals on themselves. Such duties and restrictions are called morals. Sanga literary bioethics serve as universal cultural guides that can be used to make life high and pleasant. These morals are eternal and are common to the entire world. The purpose of this study is to study the changes in the lifestyle and culture of the Tamilians who are living in this era, forgetting such high cultural norms
Lifestyle and Social Construct of Tamil People in Ettuthogai
Get PDFEttuthogai is the first anthology in Sangam literature. The text gives a clear idea about the ancient Tamil people. Sangam literary texts are about the Sangam period and about the excellence of Tamil language. Tamil people are leading a better life from 2nd century B.C. The fact is that the anthology was composed by the writers who are genuine in their writings and there is no imaginary scenes in the anthology. The writers of the anthology believed that the book will be useful for all generation. The book highlights the ways of life and its qualities, the social restrictions and the various stages of Sangam era. That is why, even after thousands of years, Tamil people and people of other countries who are interested in Tamil language, learns the anthologies that are composed during Sangam era. Even though the Sangha literature is written in Tamil language, the life style illustrated in this anthology is much more common to the human race. Confusions, dilemmas, and mental problems are the very common problems in the present era. Overall, this article explains about the lifestyle and social construct of Sangam period people
Virtues that are shown in Natrinai
Get PDFThe people of the Sangam age lived with love and heroism as their two eyes. In addition, the details of their lives will clearly show that they are intelligent. Today, the Sangam literature, which arose two thousand years ago, is celebrated from time to time by the Tamil-speaking people of the virtuous world because of their classical lives and various virtues. The Sangam literature has been divided into Etutthokai, Pathuppaattu, and Pathinenkilkanakku. Of the volumes of the Etutthokai, the Pathitruppatthu, and the Purananuru deal with external subject matters such as kingship, the king's victory, the greatness of charity, the greatness of hospitality, and trade. The Akam books such as Akananooru, Kaliththokai, Kurunthokai, Ainkurunooru, and Natrinai take up the ethics of Akam life such as love, affection, domestic life, the discipline of the harlots, and righteousness. Among them, let us look at some of the virtues of human beings found in the Natrinai songs
Community, Society, and Religion in Sangam Literature
Get PDFThe life of the Sangam age is divided into Akam and Puram. It developed intrinsic virtues among the people of the Sangam age. The social formation is an improved form of creation from earlier narrow relationships. The social formation of the Sangam age is based on the Sangam age alone. The fundamentals of society, its peculiarities, and the changes that took place from the Sangam period to the present day are explained here. The Sangam society divides family life into ‘secret love’ and ‘chastity,’ and the Sangam songs speak of the worldly life of ‘secret love’ and ‘chastity’ between the leader and the leader
The Extraordinary Individual Personality Traits that make up a Virtuous Society
Get PDFPurananuru is a great historical text which can be considered as a treasury of the life of ancient Tamil people. This text is much loved by other country people, and is translated into many languages and researched for historical purposes. In this book, the royal virtue of the Vendras, the life virtue of the people, both of which are the best individual virtues to operate and the poetical knowledge of poets are explained well. This article psychologically examines how these poets accepted the life virtue given by those people. It also examines how the royal society that has been built by the early poets are continuing till today. It also highlights the merits of Purananuru. Along with these, the leadership virtues of integrity, awareness, nature, and virtue that underpins all of these are also explained well in this article
European Philosophies and the Poems of Bharathiar and Bharathidasan from a Comparative Point of View
Get PDFGod creates and protects this world. Nature can be called God. Comparing European philosophies such as the philosophy that God can be called nature, the philosophy of nature, which is the cause of everything, the relational theory of kinetic energy in nature, the aesthetic theory that the world is available to us only in the form created, the utilitarian theory, the theory of utilitarianism, and the philosophy that imagination meets the visuals of the realm of phenomena and the conceptions of the realm of knowledge, Bharathiar and Bharathidasan’s poems show that experience occupies a more fundamental place than knowledge. In philosophy, everything in nature is in motion. The philosophy that matter has within itself the driving force, the philosophy that belief occupies more place in human behaviour than knowledge, the philosophy of positivism, the philosophy of avoiding suffering and living happily, the philosophy of thinking therefore, the philosophy of being the human essence, the philosophy of labour, and the philosophy of reality are rational. Comparing European philosophies such as the philosophy of knowledge as real, the essential need for peace for man, and liberation with the poems of Bharathiar and Bharathidasan