International Research Journal of Tamil
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Grammatical Concept Based on the Original Content of the Grammar Text Tholkappiyam
Get PDFTholkappiyam is a very famous Tamil grammar text from which we can learn about the culture of ancient Tamil people. It has recorded the culture of Tamil people and their love life through sutras. Many different opinions are given by Tamil scholars about the text. The reason for this is, the articles or review for Tholkappiyam is written after many years. Based on the cultural and linguistic contexts of the society, the text editors of Tholkappiyam have given interpretations about love and lust that are different but they are suitable for the text. The text material for Tholkappiyam is based on Aryan tradition. By reading the materials of the text editors, their rise a question whether Tholkappiyar has written this text based on the love life and moral values of the lower-class people. Although some of the text editors have written that the love life of those people is morally inappropriate, but in Sangam literature there are records that the man marrying his lady by climbing the flap. The purpose of this article is to compare the Tholkappiyam text and marapilakanam texts that mentions the discipline of the ancient people and to find out the original content of Tholkappiyam
Behavioral Theoretical Approaches in Ainkurunuru
Get PDFSangam literary art works gives a clear picture about the culture and life style of the Tamil people who lived 2000 years ago. The two-great works, Kuruntokai and Ainkurunuru gives a clear idea about love and heroism of Tamil people with a thin screen of imagination and explained them as Agam and Puram. 26,250 songs of Sangam period which is composed in melodic feet prove that Tamil is the first language around the world. The songs of Ainkurunuru is about the Sangam period. There are 500 songs in this book, 100 songs for each of the five langs namely Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neythal and Pallai. Thus, this book is called Aikurunuru. Overall, the article examines the manner in which the elements of behavioral theory, one of the psychological theories which is recorded in Ainkurunuru
Moral Literature in Tamil on the Qualities of Coyness and Chastity of Women
Get PDFA woman from birth to death lives her life for the welfare of others instead of living for herself. For such a woman in the ancient times, many titles such as a woman filled with fear, modesty bordering on ignorance, and Coyness have been assigned to such a woman. The restrictions that she has to travel throughout her life through the titles laid down in such a way are pointed out in a gentle and patriarchal way. In ancient period, women are forced in various ways to live a slave lifestyle. Those who deviate slightly from these restrictions are reprimanded as deviant. Since ancient times, the human society had the lofty idea that human beings should led a virtuous life. Such status is considered as a tool to destroy women's ability to assimilate her knowledge. Chastity and coyness are common to the human race, but society insists that it belongs only to the female clan and being with chastity and coyness will bring pride to women. This article examines chastity and coyness which are the two qualities among four types of qualities in moral literature
Specialties of protagonists in Kalambagam
Get PDFKalambagam is one among the ninety-six types of literature. Kalambagam is composed of two subjects called Agam and Puram. Kalambagam reveals the excellence of the protagonist. Eighteen Kalambagam elements such as vandu, tavam, puyam, ammanai, osal, maram, kalam, sampratham gives two meanings. In general, they express the characteristics of the Kalambagam elements and in special way it expresses the excellence of the protagonist. The purpose of Kalambagam is to give the characteristics of the protagonist
Biblical Principles in Christian Tamil Literature
Get PDFHuman beings’ life is running around these words live, virtue, non-violence, support, warmth and mercy. Their lives are improving only because they know the meaning of these words. There are many books and epics, all of them emphasize moral teachings and its characteristics. The history of each book is also published by the writers. Accordingly, the Bhagavad Gita is the holy book for Hinduism, the Quran is the holy book for Islam and Holy Bible for Christianity. The Holy Bible is not only the basis of Christian life but also the basis of many Christian Tamil literatures. The Holy Bible has embraced all the life principles of life in the lives of Saint Mary, the mother of Jesus and Saint Joseph, the father of Jesus. The Holy Bible consists of two parts, the Old and the New Testament. In the Old Testament the life and death of Jesus are recorded. New Testament is about the history of Jesus’s life, his deeds of charity, love and his teachings. The article examines the Christian Tamil literatures that were written after the Bible
Moral Ideas in Gita
Get PDFWhen a person’s behavior shows high moral standards, it is called virtue. Man’s behavior can be determined by the virtue he performs. The Tamil word ‘Aram’ is called ‘Dharma’ in vernacular language and as ‘Morality’ or ‘Virtue’ in English. A man’s good deeds are more important than his life. In that case only doing good deeds and helping the needy is important in a person’s life. That is why in Bhagavad Gita, Thirukkural, Thirumantiram, Naladiyar and Purananuru the writers have explained about the benefits a person attains in doing good deeds and shows a person’s life will be destroyed if he has bad qualities. This article is about the moral ideas explained in Bhagavad Gita, the definition for virtue and it tells what will be the nature of person who does good deeds
Moral Principles for Human in Purananuru
Get PDFIf the human beings want to live well then it is necessary for him/her to have moral sense and moral principles in his mind. The songs composed in Purananuru considered the theory and feeling as the raw material for these, even though they inherited love, domesticity, and heroism. Among the many books of the Sangam literatures, it is an acclaimed book read by many people. The Tamil and Dravidian movements that emerged in the twentieth century were able to build their identities through classical literature. Tamil people thought that if they want to lead a better life then they must have strong goals and good moral behaviour in their life. Thus, they thought and followed virtue as the basic characteristic of human life. They understand that the self-respect of an individual lies in his moral behaviour. The reason why the Tamil people are admired by the whole world during the war is because they had various virtues in their life. This article explains about the moral principles that have been said in Purananuru
Vallalar's Ethical Principles for Social Renaissance
Get PDFEven if they are capable of doing all things by infinite divine power, the attainment of perfection by living beings is designed to be self-contained, to lose itself, to hate itself, and to desire that every living being desires to receive its own ascents. There are moral scriptures to give us a shoulder in that endeavour. Thus, there is a lot of evidence that Vallalar has explained clearly in the six Thirumarais of Thiruvarutpa the ethical ideas of Vallalar, which indicates that it is very good to have a renaissance in the society if morality is followed in the way of life of the individual. Such ethical principles can be seen in detail in the article
Divya Iratchakar’s Pillai Thamizh
Get PDFJust as the Pallavar period is said to be the period of devotional literature and the medieval Chola period is said to be the period of preservation, so the period of Nayak who ruled Tamil Nadu from 1350 AD can be said to be the period of minor literature. Pallu, Ula, Thootu, Kalambagam, Pillaitamil etc. are minor literary works that are written to entertain the rich people and kings. There are 96 types of minor literary work called Prabandhams. In the book Sathuragarathi written by Veeramamunivar, mentions 96 types of Prabandhams. Pillai Thamizh ia also known as Pilliakavi, Pillaipaatu, and Seithamil. Some of these Pillai Thamizh books have been composed with changes in the structural and cultural elements. Thus, the article examines the overall changes that took place in Divya Iratchakar’s Pillai Thamizh
Marriage Rituals in an Anthropological Perspective
Get PDFLiterature and anthropology are closely related and anthropology helps us to understand the marriage rituals followed by man in Sangam era. This article explores the marriage rituals that took place in the Sangam era through the very famous Tamil book Ettuthogai. Marriage rituals means the glory of humanity. The purpose of this article is to investigate the marriage rituals in the Ettuthogai, such as Fasting, fixing date, keeping flower, greeting the woman, cooking and feasting. In this article the reason for their marriage ceremony had been viewed from anthropological point on the basis of action-oriented, social relations and community-oriented