International Research Journal of Tamil
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Cults Mentioned in the Book Thirumantram
Get PDFA variety of devotional literature has emerged in Tamil literature. Among them, the Thirumantram book composed by Thirumoolar is the tenth of the twelve Thirumurai. Thirumoolar is considered as one of the most important of the eighteen Siddhars and he is a pioneer in Siddha literature. Thirumoolar was the first person to expound the Yoga Norm in Tamil. Yoga means to bind together or to bring together. He explained about a simple way of realizing God through the Yoganorm, by uniting and controlling the senses. Thirumantram is an excellent book that has both devotional and physical practice and it also explains various methods that can be followed in life to lead an easy life. In this book the worship of Shiva has been mentioned primarily. But there are many forms of divine worship associated with it that is the realization of God, goddess of the world, there is no power without Shiva, shakti worship, image of goddess Rajeshwari, worship and the benefits we get from worshiping goddess Rajeshwari with devotion, Vairava chakra worship - benefits, Bhuvanapati chakra worship, external worship, internal worship, body worship that highlights the idea that our body is a temple, life is a temple, sound-light worship and so on. This article is an brief explanation about all these worship
Murugan Worship Traditions of Ancient Tamil People based on the Sangam Kurinjithinai poems
Get PDFWorship plays an important role in Tamil culture. Because when a man tried to live a better life, he tried to worship the deity who guided him so far, and the feeling of fear that appeared inside him also gave rise to the worship. In particular, the spiritual worship that arose in man became the basic reason for the emergence of religion. Anthropologists say that magic and belief in the spiritual world dates back to prehistoric times. These become closely related to the cultural history of a country. Ancestor cults can be found in countries including China and India. This is the archaic form of worship. During the Sangam era, deities and methods of worshiping were completely based on the land they lived. The main purpose of these cults is to worship and please the deity. In these land-based cults Mayon for the Mullai land, Seyon for the Kurinji land, Indra for the Marutha land, Varunan to the land of Neiythal and Kotravai for the land of Paalai. This article seeks to explore the traditions of Murugan worship in the Sangam Kurinjithinai poems
Cultural Traditions in Silapathikaram
Get PDFCulture has many meanings but it refers best about the land and the spirit of the people. Culture is the refined human emotions. The customs that prevailed among the people from time to time are transformed into cultural traditions. Kundalakesi as a kundalam worn in the ears, Valayapathi as a bangle worn on the hands, Sivakasintamani as a ruby beam shining on the chest showering mercy, Manimekagalai as a pearl-studded megalai, Silapathikaram as a beautiful anklet in the feet, all these are weared by the Tamil woman as ornaments and they enjoys it. Poet Suthananda Bharatiyar mentions that she wears Sulamani as a crown of jewels on her head and carries the scepter of Thirukkural and rules without any slippage of justice. In this article, we will see about the Silambam (anklet) on the lotus feet of such a special Tamil woman
Literary thoughts of H.A. Krishnapillai
Get PDFIn the 16th and 17th centuries A.D., Western Christianity came to Tamil Nadu along with the Western Europeans who came for trade. The Bible was first translated into Indian languages, and it was in Tamil that it was done by Ziegenbalg Iyer. Thus, as the Vedas spread all over the world, the people had a great deal of knowledge of the Scriptures, and since it was the time of European rule, the people had some knowledge of English. Pillai was also proficient in English. Therefore, he has not followed the Tamil tradition as it is, but has also incorporated the life of Europeans into his epic. Correctional Methods By the efforts of Christians, not only the Bible but also other literary texts were translated, so that the people had a wide range of knowledge of language and literature. His works are so good that he is praised as a Christian Kamban and a descendant of Veerama Munivar
Women's woes in Manimekalai
Get PDFManimekalai is identified as a renaissance epic and an epic that gives rise to women. Even though it is an epic that promotes women, it can be seen from the literary scenes that many tragedies have taken place in the lives of the women of that time. 'A woman is the enemy of a woman', says the feminist proverb. Many of the women's miseries in the twenty-first century are also present in the epic women's lives of the day. It is the need of the hour to make it come out. Inability of women to think for themselves, indecisiveness, inability to move about in public despite being brave, exclusion of women from home due to immorality, exclusion of women from society due to immorality, lack of respect in society for a child born to an illegitimate woman, lack of respect in the society for a child born to an illegitimate woman, man wanting to be ignorant of it even if he is a married woman (desiring his neighbor), drunken criminal punishment given to women, punishments given to women in the constitution, etc. This article with the help of Manimekalai
Literary Feminism and Psychology towards Gender Equality
Get PDFThe society denied women's place, rights, labor and even her existence. A woman's social participation is followed by her self-need and self-seeking being fulfilled even if she thinks and questions equally and not against men. In order to prevent this effort, variations were created in education, scriptures and arts training. In this society, women took the lead as a slave and as a second class human being. Literature, myths and religions were suppressed in the corner of the house in the kitchen. Even when she tried to fly with a small wing, he tied a rope called chastity and held the end of the rope in his hand and tried to pull it. This article's purpose is to tell the readers to create a better society where both the gender are treated equally and given equal knowledge
The Dream of the Sangam Woman from a Psychological point of view
Get PDFSangam literary poets are meant to express love and heroism. It does not gave much more importance about women's body descriptions. There are many songs in this literature about the feelings of the hero and the heroine. Heroine waiting for the hero who she loves wholeheartedly is emaciated with longing and becomes leans. She soothes herself with the help of nature. She keeps her love life secretly thinking that if she tells anyone else about her love they might think she is wrong. She longs to meet him and spending everyday like a dead person. Between various protests ahe is passing her life through the night and day signs. The heroine who lived as a queen in her home is spoken as a symbol of culture in her husband's home. She leads a life that makes one wonder from where she got knowledge, morals and the development of selflessness. Waiting for the hero in field, her chastity, duty, feminine etc., are well described in this article. The article shows that women enjoys her inner feelings in dream. From a psychological point of view, the dream reveals the inner feelings of the heroine
Psychological Thoughts in Sivasankari's novel Chinna Noolkkanda Nammai Siraipaduthuvathu
Get PDFPsychology has found its way into various fields today. The need for psychology is so well recognized that there are no fields without psychology. Its diversity can be known as educational psychology, clinical psychology, business psychology, political psychology. Psychology is related to the subconscious mind of man and its functioning. Although there are various research efforts such as psychology and literature today, it can be said that they are not yet complete according to the concepts and frameworks proposed by psychologists such as Freud, Jung and Lacan in relation to art literature. In that way, it is the need to examine the literature on the basis of psychological concepts. The main purpose of this study is to explore the psychological thoughts in Sivasankari's novel. Also, this article is a literature that reflects the daily life of the people. Psychological thoughts are revealed in this article. Psychological research helps to understand the attitudes and moods found in the literature. It is only through such studies that the universality of the world can be known and the truth that "subconscious consciousness" is applicable to the literature will be revealed. Along with that, the scientific ideas embedded in the literature can also be brought out
Personality of a Friend in Sangam Literature
Get PDFIn India, families face various social problems because of love. It is a manifestation of extreme ignorance that both men and women get used to postponing marriage and rejecting marriage, not only causing mental distress but also losing their lives. In this era, it is very difficult to carry one's love life to marriage life. So every lover can approach psychologists nowadays to resolve the differences in their love marriage. But if we analyze the sangam literary songs thoroughly, the friend is the medicine that can solve the psychological problem between lovers. Friend is a female character who stands between the hero and the heroine and gives the necessary advice. How does her personality fit into the contemporary era? This article explores all this in detail
Lexical Theoretical Development in Applied Tamil Grammar Texts
Get PDFAfter 19th century Tamil literature has gone through many dimensions. Advent of print media, focus on language education and the establishment of new educational institutions are the reason for the development of many language based grammatical texts. The newly added grammatical elements are recorded in the grammar texts. Applied Tamil grammar texts explains the syllable, series and words based on grammar books. However, the new modern language theory records the changes that have appeared in the language system and highlights the language and grammar in the theory of linguistics. Tamil grammar books explains and defines grammar based on a Tamil text Nannul. Types of words are explained in the linguistic point of view by adapting the etymology mentioned in the Nannul. It also explains the new adjectives and adverbs and records the newly developed grammatical elements which are used in modern language. Word classification is divided into three levels. They are, classification based on alphabetic, classification based on case of words and classification based on grammatical usage. Contemporary Tamil tradition examines some of the techniques adopted by Tamil grammarians to define the word. Present Tamil grammarians distinguishes nouns and verbs on the basis of verb or on the basis of object. People also began approaching Tamil Grammar based on English grammar because of the abundance usage of English language. Tamil grammar text ‘Nalla Nool Eluthavaenduma’ explains grammar in a very simple way and it is considered to be the best grammar manual. Tamil grammar text explores the structure of Tamil language. Lexical grammar is explained in terms of linguistics. The four types of words such as noun, verb, interjection and adjective examine the changes that occurred in the language. Thus, the article gives a clear idea about lexical theoretical development in applied Tamil grammar texts