International Research Journal of Tamil
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The Virtue of Life in Jain Texts of Pathinen Kilkanakku
Get PDFThe experience in the day-to-day events of life is permanent. Literature has been created to highlight the activities of that life. Literature has been created as a guidebook for future generations and to create the inner feelings of people as they really are. Jain literature says that the maintenance of virtue is very essential for life. Through various songs, it emphasizes what kind of good qualities should be practiced in the household. It says that those who are in the household should add virtue rather than adding material things. It warns us to have five duties, such as increasing friends, reducing enemies, cohabiting with the wife, and showing love for one's neighbours. There is also some decency in doing charity. There are opinions that directly say that wanting favours should not be done and that the community people should follow charity without considering the recompense. The most important characteristic of the household is the hospitality trait. It states that it is necessary to act with love and character during the hospitality and not to go as a feast to the wealthy person. Jain literature says that every human being living in society should not do unwanted things with the intention of maintaining virtue, but should only do what is needed. All the virtues to be performed by an individual are explained in the Jain texts. It is also felt that it is necessary to follow it
Feminist Virtue in M. Karunanidhi’s Works
Get PDFVirtue means the worldly life, godliness and morals which leads people to good morals. From ancient times till today, people have highlighted about worshiping God and giving material things to others. Wherever there is a human life there must be a kind of moral feeling. Therefore, human virtue is related to human beings, many things are necessary for a human being to live alone in the society. Tamil literature tells us how to earn these things in a good way. Now-a-days the field of Tamil literature is creative. Writers of Tamil literature writes their work with the theme of social change and it helps the reader to attain some kind of moral behaviour too. Theories like modernism, postmodernism, Dalitism, feminism are strengthening the relationship between society and literature. Women writers have started to emerge in contemporary Tamil literature focusing on women's liberation. M. Karunanidhi has shown the virtues of women characters in his works with the concern that women should improve their lives with this vision
Ethics that the Udaiyar Novel Conveys
Get PDFMorality is the adherence to ethical ethics that do not harm others in society. Even the food should not be eaten immediately. One should eat only after giving it to others sitting around him. Ethics should be followed in all the diet, speech, and writing. Only the people who practice asceticism have the right to virtue. This section clarifies what morality means, ignoring the idea that morals cannot be practiced by ordinary people who follow worldly life. The best virtue is to live without harming others even if one is unable to do anything. Udaiyar’s novel emphasizes the idea that man needs four kinds of affirmations, namely, virtue, wealth, pleasure, and home. Thiruvalluvar in particular refers to the same thing. The novel Udaiyar speaks of the moral idea of helping others in worldly life. Human beings should be kind to the poor and needy. They should strive to redress their grievances. Those who live in a higher position in society should take into consideration the interests of the people living under them and fulfill their needs. If we live away from ourselves from dirt, expectation, and innocence, our hearts will become a place where God dwells. Once one's body becomes weak and he is of no use to others and the world, he should renounce all attachments to the world except God. This study shows that by doing so, it is easier to attain salvation. In any of the actions we do in our youth, we should engage in good things that do not harm society. By doing so, society progresses and the country progresses. We can attach ourselves to the domains of home life, the creation of material wealth, and the creation of educational wealth. But in those fields, we must plant righteous acts of virtue
Fanaticism in the Ancient Worship of Lord Murugan
Get PDFLord Muruga is one of the most notable deities mentioned in Sangam literature. In the Sangam hymns, the spear weapon existed in worship as the form of Lord Murugan. There are also reports about Velan and the events surrounding his fanatical worship of Velan. Those who worshipped Lord Murugan among the inhabitants of the Sangam age made specific requests to him. During fanaticism, they prayed to Lord Murugan to ensure that the man and woman could live a stable life, for the health of his beloved woman, for a child's boon, and to ensure that the lover who went in search of wealth did not encounter any dangerous disturbances. One of the most important and special features of the rituals of the ancient Tamil people is fanaticism. Velan, the Lord Muruga, resides in forests, groves, rivers, ponds, etc. Climbing on to a man named Velan and a woman who is the daughter of a gypsy is fanaticism. The field-setting aspect of Murugan's fanaticism, the possession of Lord Murugan the devotee, the offering of sacrifices, and the worship of Lord Murugan have sought to summarize the archaeological evidence available before the Sangam period from a historical point of view and the historical basis of worshipping Murugan found in Sangam literature
Thought of Life in the Novel ‘Thotiyin Makan (Scavenger's Son)’
Get PDF‘Thotti's Makan’ novel is based on the lives of people who defecate feces. Morality is based on the life of man. Accordingly, it was regarded as the foremost virtue for all living beings in the world to satisfy hunger. In general, it is instrumental literature that reflects society, and it is on the basis of this that Thotti Makan’s novel depicts the life of the scavengers living in Alappuzha town. A thorough examination of a piece of the literature reveals the background of the people at the time of its creation. Accordingly, when examining the novel of Thotti's Makan, we find that the poverty of the scavengers, the epidemic of the scavengers, the denial of education, the deaths caused by starvation, and so on; This paper aims to explore the horrors of life such as life without unity, denial of rights, religious beliefs, the self-interest of teachers, exclusion as untouchables, female slavery, alcohol addiction, etc
The Biographical Portrayal of the Underprivileged People in Puthumaippithan’s Short Stories
Get PDFThis article deals with history and literature in a straight line. By maintaining a balance between the two, it pays utmost attention to the inevitable reality of the life of the poor. It has to be demonstrated in terms of widely known historical aspects. This article will explain how such aspects apply to literature as well. Here, since literature and history travel hand in hand here, the nature of history that emerges from the structure of literature is going to assume significance. The elite, which does not care much about the underlying individuals, seeks to constrain the historical error of history with the help of a biographical portrayal of the poor. The upper-class historical writings that are thus restricted can be called into question. They can identify areas that have been excluded with political flexibility. They will be a factor in the emergence of new forms to reproduce the lasting impact and scope they have had on the lives of the lower class. For this, the method of collecting and analyzing data that has been refuted by the history within which literature contains becomes essential. Such a method will only to some extent help to gather the realistic environment of societies that have been pushed back. The reality is that what remains has to be compiled in a completely realistic historical context by examining the historical versions that have been carried out, either from the history in which literature speaks or in its way. Or it is necessary to uphold as history the literary forms in circulation held by societies that are accustomed to real life. There is no doubt that elite historical theories will be an obstacle to such an attempt. However, before establishing such a democratic historical equation, it is inevitable that the historical data that is mixed in the mainstream literature will be examined and that is what this article seeks to do
Social Issues by Tamil Women Poets in their Poems
Get PDFPoetry is aesthetic, both readers and listeners enjoy its style. Poetry always requires concept, emotion, imagination and form. Through poetry writer can touch people’s emotions. As the culture of the people changes from time to time, poetry also changes accordingly. These changes are always evaluated by the question whether the changes in poetry relates to the present changes that took place in society. Earlier writers had an opinion that poetic richness do not have anything to do with social sentiments and political leanings. First the Vanampaadi poets added about society and miseries happening in the society in their poems. Following this metaphor, simile, allusion and imageries are used in the poetry. Many ideas that have been buried due to various methods of evaluation are now beginning to emerge. Due to this, we are getting a lot of information. This article examines about the social issues that poets have sung in their poems
Thoughts of Dalitiyam in Koogai Novel
Get PDFWe are witnessing the development in science field day by day and we can see many progressive developments in literature. Agam and Puram in Tamil literature, theoretically have taken deep root and it spread like a tree and has come to the stage of expressing the life of marginal people. The word ‘Dalitiyam’ is discussed among many people. The main aim of Dalitism is that the Dalit people, who have been oppressed by the dominant caste for ages, should get their freedom. Today Dalit literature seeks to destroy dominant concepts of equality at all levels. Efforts to abolish caste without destruction, reservation, agitations, uprisings for political and economic equality are the main factors in the development of Dalit literature. The article studies the way how Dalits are portrayed in S. Dharma’s work Koogai and about their lifestyles, feelings and thoughts
Characters in Tamil literature and Personality Traits of Teachers
Get PDFMany studies can be carried out based on various theories in the Tamil language which has undergone various changes from time to time. In that way, Tamil literature, especially story-based literary forms have created the story based on the personality of the character in the story. The best character in personality becomes the hero of the story. The villain of the story has good personality but at the same time villain will have some minor flaw. In that way, personality is very important for every character. A person who have good character gains fame among the people. This article is about the interpretation of the personality theory, the characters with good personality, personality traits of the teachers and so on. etc
Poomani's 'Vekkai' from a Psychological Perspective
Get PDFThe most notable writer Poomani was born in Aandipatti village near Kovilpatti. If you rank the famous novelists of Tamil literature, Poomani has an important place in it. His novels are something different, it is not about the land rather it is the voice of the poor people. The most famous among his novels is ‘Vekkai’. This novel was released in 1982 and in 2019 director Vethimaran made it into a movie titled 'Asuran'. Chidambaram plays an important role in the novel 'Vekkai'. A fifteen-year-old boy Chidambaram murders Vadakkuran. Seven days after the murder, he surrenders himself to the court. This article explores the psychological reasons behind killing a person. Psychological theories, child psychology, reasons for child crime, child Chidambaram's emotional character, approaches to psychological reasons and the reasons why murder is not seen as a crime have been psychologically explored in this article