International Research Journal of Tamil
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Folk superstitions from the Periyar point of view
Get PDFThe basis of all the philosophies of Periyar, the father of the Self-Respect movement, is self-awareness. Such self-respect is an essential quality for mankind, but the obstacles to this feeling are, in Periyar’s view, lack of self-confidence and greed. Both of these are barriers to the sense of self. The folk songs of Thanthai Periyar are unique. Self-respect and power are also seen among the rural masses, such as in rituals, songs, marriages, astrology, etc. There are various kinds of superstitious songs among women, such as widow marriage, pregnancy, son, daughter-in-law, kaathu karuppu (bad elements), etc. Even today, superstitious practices are prevalent in rural and urban areas. Through the folk songs of Thanthai Periyar, ritual, self-respect, and self-confidence are expressed
The Condition of the Washermen who do the laundry as shown ‘Koveru kazhuthaigal (Mules)’
Get PDFHuman beings are rational in God's creation. In the early years, the occupations which were divided among themselves separately for the betterment of man are later divided on the basis of class. Thereafter, they create caste and divide certain castes into lower castes and other castes into upper castes. In a town where all the people live together, the last street is named colony street, where the lower caste people are excluded. These lower caste people are not allowed to enter the village freely even for festival-like events. Though there is an economy to buy quality food and clothing, the upper castes do not allow them to buy it. Vannar Kudi (Washermen Colony) is one such divided society. This article explains the condition of the washer people who are engaged in the business of washing
A Study of the Problems of People's lives in the novels ‘Malarum Sarugum (The Flower and the Dried Leaf)’, ‘Thaakam (Thirst)’, ‘Setril Manitharkal (Humans in the Mud)’, ‘Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum (Out with the Old)’, and ‘Sennel (Red Rice)
Get PDFNovel literature, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, was a form of literature that emerged to describe and explain the new society. The novel literature is based on the conflict that arises within man and between man and society, as well as the problems, struggles, and human nature that are directly related to real life. The issues of life, struggle, and consequences of the grassroots people mentioned in Tamil novels, the literary creativity of the teachers, etc., are the subjects of study in novels such as T. Selvaraj’s 'Malarum Sarukum', Ku Chinnappa Bharathi’s 'Thaakam', Rajam Krishnan’s 'Setril Manitharkal', Sivakami’s 'Pazhaiyana Kazhithalum' and Solaisundara Perumal’s 'Sennel'. In these novels, the landlessness of the poor, wage problems, unemployment, and the caste inequality that results from it are deepening, and the slavery, the inability to fight together as an organization, the exploitative tendencies of the farm landlords, and thus the poverty among the labourers becomes the basis of many problems and weakens the lives of the labourers. Novel literature highlights the social contradictions and the various problems that arise in people's lives. In this way, the title of this thesis has been undertaken with the objective of examining these novels, which are centered on the workers who are the axis of society, and to identify and reveal the various problems found in them
Educational Ideals Emphasized in the Naladiyar
Get PDFThe Keelkanaku books which appeared after the Sangam Literature are known as Neethi Literature. Tirukkural, contained among them, is an emperor in the world justice books. Being as the book by Kural Venba got its name ‘Kural,’ which was made up of four feet of by Naladi Venba also named as ‘Naladi’ it is referred to as Naladiyar, Naladi Nanuru, Velanvedham. Education for man is in this birth, which is said to be the benefit of this birth, unlike the wealth that gives him tangible things, it does not lack to give, it grows more and more lower than makes him richer. These are the art of words of Jain sages in these Venbakkal however this research paper reveals the information about the ability of both men and women to remove their ignorance and improving knowledge in the fourteenth Chapter “Education” which are based on Naladiar's work, which has ethical thoughts emphasizing the life of the ancient Tamils
The lives of the underprivileged people found in Tamil literature
Get PDFIt is an undetermined rule that all beings that have arisen in this world must be respected equally. There is no one who has adhered to such a canon. Inequality between every living being that can live in this world is a fundamental matter of nature. The beginning of inequality is the definition that he should and should not do even the most common activities in the world. We can identify such a preliminary difference in the Tolkappiyam itself. People like errand runner and Panar, who works for the life of others more than their own needs, can be considered grassroots people. The focus of this article is on examining the atrocities faced by these underprivileged people from time to time, the obstacles they faced in their daily way of life, and the rights denied by birth through the literature that has emerged from time to time. Even in the Sangam literature, which can be portrayed as the golden age of the Tamils, there are records of the fact that the people of the lower strata were untouchables and should not be seen. Similarly, moral literature also highlights the sufferings of downtrodden people. Whoever sees inequality in the world, God does not see it. But even in devotional literature, there are caste-based devotees. From Minor Literature to Modern Literature, the life of the downtrodden is seen as a place of suffering and misery. Thus, this article proves that the lives of the lower classes are the same in the literature that reflects the society from the Sangam period to the present day
The biblical sub-stories contained in the Thiruthondar epic are the faith in the life of Devasahayam Pillai
Get PDFIn the stories told in the Bible, it is possible to know how deep and firm the devotion to God was in the lives of the saints. These short stories show that when ordinary simple people live with deep faith in God, God uses them as tools, dwells in them, performs amazing deeds, turns them into extraordinary people, and contributes to the sovereignty of God. Devasagayam Pillai, the main character in this story, was deeply attached to Hinduism before he converted to Christianity. A man of high honor, great wealth, and a great position in the government, he served in a distinguished manner as the king desired. While working with his Catholic friend Dilanoy, Neelkandan's family faced unexpected hardships. At that time, Dilanoy comfortingly mentioned that God blessed many times the lives of those who lived with deep faith in God despite various sufferings in the lives of people in the Old Testament book in the Bible. The story of the life of the People that he heard through Dilanoy instilled deep faith in him. Due to this he lost all his high position and wealth. Accepting Christ as everything to him and embracing Christianity, Devasagayam Pillai willingly accepted all the cruel punishments, humiliations and tortures given to the child and gave his life as a witness to Christ. God has elevated him to a holy position in heaven as a gift.On the 15th of May 2022, the two hundred and seventieth anniversary of the death of Devasakagam Pillai, he was canonized by Pope Francis in Rome. The first Indian-born martyrs and Tamil Nadu's first saint who strictly followed Hindu family Life and became a Christian Saint
The Negative Narrator of Novel "Kaarirul" from a Literary Point of View
Get PDFThis article is a clear view of the protagonist Valaiyal Seenu in the novel “Kaarirul” by K. Kaliaperumal’s. The novel begins with the protagonist’s story. We can get to know him better through other storytellers who appear in this novel. He is portrayed as irresponsible in his family, a drunkard and a despicable man who seeks out brides. Only Chinnammal, the wife of the protagonist, is seen to have immense love for him. She lives according to the world's convention that her husband is a beholder. The sadness is that Valaiyal Seenu's two daughters never got to experience the love of their father. Finally realizing the love of his wife and loving his children and thinking to spend the rest of his life happily with them, fortunately Valaiyal Seenu gives up his life very pitifully. Although there are many main protagonists in this novel, the reason for taking only one storyteller named Valaiyal Seenu as a research object in this article is because of his realistic character, working every day for his family and the virtue of being an average person who is subjected to some evil morals and then repents and tries to change his life
Virtues for Life in Thirumantiram
Get PDFThe literature about Saivism, who worship lord Shiva as the supreme deity, is Saivism literature. Saivism literature was composed to sing the praises of Shiva, to spread to Saivism and it records the norms of Saivism. From 7th to 12th century several works such as Sitrilakyam, Perungappiyam and Saiva Panuvals in Saiva literatures were composed. Man, who first worshipped nature started worshipping various gods according to his wish. They worshipped deities in two levels as minor and major deity. Of these the major deities are Shiva as Saivite God and Thirumal as Vaishnava God. India has developed under such metamorphoses. This article analyzes and explains the virtous for life as stated in the book Thirumantram written by Seikkilar, which is the 10th of the total twelve Thirumarai
Moral Thoughts in Ainkurunuru
Get PDFSangam literature is the foremost and the oldest literature in Tamil. Sangam literature is an ark of ideas that depicts many aspects of life like love, valor, war, business and agriculture of ancient Tamils. Sangam literature is divided into two categories as song and sum. Although the song books explain the good deeds of Tamil people, the sum books also explain the good deeds in the unique way. When a person leads a virtuous life, it will bring an everlasting happiness. Same way a person experiences boring life when he leads his life in a non-virtuous way. Therefore, there is no doubt that having good moral behavior is the best thing for man. This article reveals the moral thoughts that has been followed in the lives of ancient Tamils through Ainkurunuru, which is one among the Ettuthogai
Origin of Feminism and its Developments
Get PDFFeminism is the voice of young people who are united with research, humility and courage. Not only from Karaikal Ammaiyar to Kalpana Chawla even Malala who won the Prize for peace. These women teach the morals of life despite the hardships. They are brave and wise women who are the beacon for feminism. Women who have developed their skills in peace, spirituality, science and personality. It is human virtue to appreciate their excellence, growth and effort. That is why in our country women are worshiped as mother and goddess. However, the purpose of this study is to help the community in all ways to increase the women’s security, achieve their rights and succeed in their path of progress