International Research Journal of Tamil
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Panjali Sabatham: Prosodic Features and Poetic Style
Get PDFBharathiyar was the one who created Tamil so that the honey-like Tamil music could spread all over the world. He made many innovations with his songs to remove the distance between people and Tamil poetry. He composed poems following tradition in traditional forms like song and poetry. He introduced innovation into traditional forms of poetry and gave rise to modern poetry. Panjali Sabadham is a unique record among Bharathiyar's songs. This book is full of simple Tamil, subtlety and emotions. The Panjali Sabatham consists of two parts. This book contains four hundred and twelve songs in five chapters namely Sulchicharukam (Duryodhana's trickery Chapter), Chuthattacharukam (Gambling Chapter), Adimaicharukam (Slavery Chapter), Thukilurithal charukam (Draupadi in the assembly Chapter), and Sapadhacharukam (Imprecation Chapter). Bharathiyar's poems have all been explored from a prosodical perspective. However, the Panjali Sabatham is not known to have been explored with specific focus on prosodic features. Therefore, the article researches Panjali Sabadham based on previous studies explaining the prosodic features and the verse Style based on Tolkaapiyam construction under the title “Panchali Sabatham: Prosodic features and Verse Style.” This book is made up of poetry that are Sindhu (slightly shorter than average), Kattalai Kalippa, Nilai Mandila Aasiriyum, Arusir (a four-bar song consisting of six words), Ezhusir (seven words and four bars), and Ensir Vridham (a four-bar song consisting of eight words). Among them the references made in previous studies are also reviewed. The way poetic style of the characters of Ammai (not based on the original word), Thonmai (prose is mixed with ancient subject matter), Thol (finer terms), Virunthu (Novel, Modern Poetry), Iyaibu (the consonants from 'jna' to 'na' as the last syllable), Pulan (understand the meaning without examining), and Izhaibu (adverbial verbs from related words), added strongly as the poet is highlighted. Although Tolkappiyam has mentioned 34 elements, considering the theme of Panchali Sabatham, considering the incompatibility of elements such as munnam (Intention), kaikol (Virtuous life), thinai (Location), porul vahai (Theme), etc., only numerical patterns which are considered as internal patterns are taken as the data for the study
The Religious Thoughts of Vallalar and Bharathiyar
Get PDFIn the Nineteenth Century in Tamil Nadu, there was a remarkable awakening in the field of religion. A revolution took place all over the country due to the civilised language and cultural projections of foreign rule. Many new creations were created to revive and awaken the slumbering population. There was an awakening, especially in the spiritual world. Two great divisions arose in the spiritual-religious world. They were innovators who wanted to change Tamil society according to the newly spread English education system, culture, and religious objectives. On the other hand, the conservatives started to adhere to a tradition that should not be changed. Both these reactions are disastrous for the country. Therefore, Ramalinga Vallalar said that a conservative is also needed and also the innovative. In both cases, he did religious work with the aim of being a recipient and a pusher. This article examines his religious works and ideas in detail
Philosophical Thoughts of Bharathi
Get PDFIn the explanation of the universe, the five gods, the planets, man, and the soul, science and philosophy are mutually exclusive. From time to time, scholars, poets, and mystics have been explaining philosophy depending on their field of knowledge. Philosophy is always man's search object and as such is the theme of the poetry of poets. Mahakavi Bharathiyar was the source of innovation in poetry and revolution in society, as well as giving richness and impetus to the development of Tamil literature in the twentieth century. It is noteworthy here that the poet who was a revolutionary who gave rise to the concept of innovation is also a patron who praises nature and God. In the works of Bharathiyar, who sees nature as God and God as an expression of nature, philosophy is woven through the leaves. This article explains the philosophical ideas expressed in Bharathiyar's works in terms of nature, God, and man and also in terms of Siddhas' doctrine
Culture of Rulers in Periya Puranam
Get PDFChera King Cheraman, Chozha King Cochenganan, Pugazh Cholan, Manuneethi Chozhan, CoonPandiyan (NindraSer Nedumaran), Iyyadigal KaadavarKone, Kazhar Singar, Idankaziyar, Narasingha Munaiaraiyar, Meipporular, Kurruvar were mentioned in Periyapuranam. Their Devotion and their service to the temples were also manuscripted. They offered donations and lands for conducting rituals and poojas. This article focuses how their dedicated service reached the temples. More over Rulers worshipped and respected the ardent devotees of Shiva. They fullfilled all their needs. This article discuss that how devotees were treated and protected in their Kingdom with solid evidences
Agathinai Literary Theory in Tolkappiyam
Get PDFThe Theory of the Tamil people and the theory of Tamil literature are intertwined with the agathinai and Agam traditions. Agam literature flourishes on the basis of love in Ainthinai. Seeing the proliferation of literary genres, the field of "Paatiyal" (Treatise on poetic composition) emerged in an attempt to define grammatical principles for literature. Although there are about 46 paatiyal books appearing in the Tamil world, there are only 10 paatiyal books which are available in their entirety today. Taking into account the ideas of Agathinai and Agathurai of Tolkappiyar and the views of Ilapuranar and Nachinarkiniyar, who interpreted them, the twelve pattiyals, the Venba paatiyal, the Navaneetha paatiyal, the Grammatical explanation-pattiyal, the Thonnool explanation, the Swaminatham, the Prabandha genealogy, the Prabandha deepikai, the Prabandha thirattu, and the Prabandha deepam are the types of literature created. On the basis of Agathinai and Agathurai, the grammatical principles for the literary categories such as Ainthinai Poetry, Kaikalai, Kovai, Venilmalai, Nayanappathu, Payodharappathu, Pukalchi Malai, Naamamalai, Perumakilchi Malai, Madal, Ulaamadal, Anuragamalai, Kurathipaattu, Mangala Vellai (Mangala Vallai) and Thoothu have been defined. The purpose of this article is to explain and illustrate these principles
The Nature of the Four Lands in Kar Narpathu
Get PDFIt is called natural because it appears and disappears naturally without being created by any object. Everything created by God, from man to living and non-living things, is a part of nature. For a man to live in this world in a good way, the environment around him takes precedence. There is no literature in the world that does not focus on that environment with nature. From the poets of the Sangam age to the poets of the present day, they have adorned nature according to their own accord. Since the man had set up his way of life with nature on that day, they lived happily and without the disease. Today, because of the arrangement of culture, customs, food, clothing, and shelter in accordance with the modern world, it is clear that life is also in a state of rapid decay in accordance with the modern world. Thus, focusing on the natural events of autumn and the cultural messages of that period, the awaiting of the woman for the arrival of the departed man is compared to the scenery of the four lands. Tolkappiyar has prescribed God for only four Thinais. God was not defined for the Palai Thinai (deserted land). Generally, since the desert is a dry area and it is rare for people to see nature and live there, he prioritized only four lands instead of the Palai desert. In that way, the article explores the nature of the four lands in Kar Narpathu’s songs
Woman Psychology in Tamil vidu Thoothu
Get PDFThe varieties of chittilakyam in Tamil language are called Prabandhas. There is a custom in Tamil to classify them and refer to them to “Ninety-Six Prabandhas”. Prabandham is the giving of a well-built material. Moreover, since the term prabandham refers not only to the syllable, but also to the types of syllables, they started using the word siruprabandham. One of these minor genres is the thoothu literature. The purpose of this article is to look at the psychology of women in Tamil viduthoothu
The Structure and Content of Zen Stories
Get PDFZen stories are believed to have been used by priests for centuries to teach disciples. The priests have structured and presented their experiences and their ancestors as stories. Zen stories record the cultural changes that took place in the society and is about the concepts necessary for people's lives. These stories explain the structures like family, group, society and the feelings that unite people in the name of God, caste, religion, tolerance, equality, faith etc. Such Zen stories has folklore elements. Zen stories are thought-provoking, makes us to laugh-out-loud and conveys the traditional ideas. This article discusses other folk motifs found in Zen stories. Also, in this article, the Zen stories are compiled and sorted into four categories: wisdom and ignorance, action, desire less-ness and impermanence
Life Thoughts in Kuruntokai Text
Get PDFWhen compared to the other literary texts of Sangam period Kuruntokai explains the content ideas in a very short and simple phrase. Each song of Kuruntokai has beautiful messages which is useful in day to day life. The principles mentioned in the songs are applicable even today. Ancient poets who sang about love and heroism used natural and life elements in their songs. The poets who sang Kuruntokai have distilled the truths they learned in their lives into the songs. Thus, the article examines the love of the heroine for hero, the promise of the hero, the commitment of the heroine to the charity, domesticity, hospitality, life of the man, acceptance of materialism, the separation of duty and love, and the avoidance of travel
Morality that Thirumanthiram Conveys
Get PDFThirumanthiram is considered to be one of the twelve Thirumarais. This Thirumanthiram occupies the place of the tenth Thirumarai. Such Thirumanthiram contains a number of principles that can be used for human life. That is to say, discipline is to behave properly. Morality is a code followed by an individual in the interest of the common good and unity of oneself or the group to which he belongs. The Thirumanthiram contains songs to express this discipline. Among the genres of literature, Devotional literature expresses the concept of spirituality. Saiva and Vaishnava literature are revered as two eyes. The books written by Saiva Nayans are called Thirumarai and the books written by Vaishnava Alwars are called Naalaayira Divyaprabandham. Centuries ago, Thirumoolar beautifully explained in Thirumanthiram the messages of harmony required by the society that there is only one clan and only one God