International Research Journal of Tamil
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Tribal Peoples' Life Values in the Novel "Aathangarai Oram"
Get PDFLiterature has been subject to change from time to time, from the Sangam period to this period. People's taste, time, environment, politics, etc. are the reasons for that. Such changing literary forms are called fiction literature. Short stories and novels, which highlight people's beliefs, language, religion, life, culture, etc., belong to this type. The purpose of this study is to highlight the life values of the tribal people who have been included in the novel 'Athangarai Oram', written by V. Irai Anbu I.A.S., a multi faceted personality, who has made a footprint on various platforms like short stories, novels, youth books, essay collection books, question and answer books, and English books. There is a tendency these days to consider polished looks and tongue-in-cheek English fashionable. Apart from that, the interests of the tribal people, who have a childlike mind, a mind that loves the soil and considers the suffering of others as their own suffering, and the fighting spirit of fighting to protect it, are to be explored through this article
An Overview of the Percussion Instrument Mridangam and its Rhythm
Get PDFThe "Harmonious Tune and Rhythm" are music's two ears. Rhythm is what determines the time scale of musical compositions. If the rhythm is wrong, the controls of the music will not be in order. Rhythm is what keeps music under control. In classical music, pitch is equated with mother and rhythm is equated with father. Pitch instruments include string instruments, wind instruments. Rhythmic instruments include the drums, jal tarang, cymbals, and string instruments. Some great geniuses have said that rhythm is the life of music. Through ancient literature, we learn about the formation of leather musical instruments, their structure, and their use. Leather instruments were used in various stages of human life. Musical instruments such as Thannumai (one-headed drum), Muzhavu (tomtom-large drum), Matthalam (big drum) and Mridangam (percussion instrument) have been developed as primary instruments in classical music syllabuses, stage performances and percussion instruments. References to musical instruments such as Thannumai, Mozhavu, Matthalam, and Mridangam are found in literary texts such as' Tolkaappiyam, Silapathikaram, Pancha Marabu.’ In ancient times, tools were made from clay. At present, they make instruments out of glass, wood, and fibre wood. They form joints in the skins of animals. Rice and iron powder are used for the sound. In this period, the names of Tannumai, Muzhavu, and Matthalam are changed to Mritangam. Literary messages of Mridangam, thong used for tying, right side joint, left side joint, method of putting rice, trees used, and words used can be seen in this study
Pandit K. Veerakatthi’s Vision on Diversity - A Study
Get PDFThe Tamil grammar books published from Tolkappiyam onwards have explained the importance of diversity. Following this, many studies have been published on the system of differentiation in Tamil, its number, parameters, and objects. The changes that have taken place in the Tamil language from time to time have had their influence on grammatical rules and grammatical usage. This can also be seen in differential grammar. In this context, the views and studies presented by Pandit K.Veerakathi, a Tamil researcher from Jaffna, are noteworthy. Especially in the book "Grammatic Explanation' written by him, one can observe a new approach and trend towards diversity. He has explained the difference with appropriate evidence from the way of the Tholkaapiyar and spoken dialect. In addition to emphasising that diversity is the word phrase, or grammar that is about the structure of language, the structure of diversity accepts the uniqueness of diversity. He also mentions that the differentiated parameter consists of three elements: the term that completes the differentiation. He has explained the differences starting from the first difference to the seventh difference, respectively, as the series of nominatives, the series of intransitive active sequence, the series of causal succession sequence, the series of acceptance, the series of comparative elimination, the series of possessive cases, and the series of evidence. While revealing the new trends with suitable examples, he also established that some of the distinctive characters and objects mentioned by Tolkappyar still persist in the dialect. He has given examples, especially from the colloquial language spoken in Sri Lanka. Through these, we can know that there are archaic cases in Sri Lankan Tamil. His ideas on variation introduced a new trend in the world of grammar: It has paved the way for further discussions and research: It has affirmed the Sri Lankan Tamil scholar's role in grammar
Nilam Puttu Malarnta Nal’s Novel Theme Composition
Get PDFNilam puttu malarnta naḷ novel has won Sahitya Academy Award 2019. The 312-page long book is based on Sangam literary storytellers. The creator has created very beautiful characters in the form of Panar lifestyles, where the Panars, who were in poverty, tried to change their poverty by looking for each king and the Panars were without a fixed abode. Although the Panars were skilled in art, they lived as poor people with no material possessions. Hospitality, the primary characteristic of ancient Tamils, exists among the inhabitants of every land. Such hospitality has been recorded very neatly by this novel. That is, it is said that the people would show hospitality to the Panars on their way to see the kings. The four types of social systems and the ways in which they of its development and the reasons for the differences in social systems are excellent explained in Nilam puttu malarnta nal. Also, three poets namely Paranar, Kabila and Auvaiyar and small land kings namely Velpari, Nannan and Adiyaman are featured in this book. Auvaiyar greeting Atiyaman, Paranar advising Nannan, and Kabila befriending Velpari were created on the Nilam puttu malarnta naḷ novel
Naa. Parthasarathy’s Samuthaya Veethi
Get PDFThere are many famous writers in the world of literature. However, not all creators' works win awards. If a work is to be distinguished, it must have something special about it. Na. Parthasarathy's Samuthaya Veethi novel won the Sahitya Academy Award in 1971. Its specialty is telling the life of art of drama. On the one hand, the statement that art is for art's sake, on the other hand, art should be an expression of the society and be useful for the progress of the society. Nothing worthless survives. The art of drama is something that is beneficial to the society. A feast for the eyes and ears, theater is a good medium to enlighten even the uneducated layman. The disability of this media is huge but it is being hidden and forgotten due to scientific development. t is the creator's wish to remedy this plight. He has highlighted it through his novel. The author shows the lack of involvement of the actor acting not only in drama. An actor should be disciplined. Must have acting skills, facial expressions and good Tamil pronunciation. Otherwise, the drama loses its focus. He alleges that theater hides behind women as another scourge of theatre. In other words, the author portrays the woman as an object and by using her to establish himself as a celebrity. The morality of the actor comes into question here. The world of theater is based on money and fame. Theater actors also take pride in imitating film actors' speech patterns, facial expressions, etc. rather than showing off their talent. Instead of acting with his role, he is competing with the protagonist. This essay explores such a trend of dynamic drama that conveys the idea deeply and clearly
Strategies of Manushyaputhira's Poems
Get PDFEven though there are various fields in modern literature, Pudukavithai also holds a special place for itself. Such poems have been creating Pudukavithai starting from Bharathiyar to till the present day poets. A strategy is a method in which the creator of works uses a technique of his own to make his work tasteful and innovative according to his imagination, according to his language skills, different from other works. A technique is a method of creating art, the seal of the creators in creation. It reveals the personality traits of the creators. It is the techniques used by the creator rather than the ideas expressed in the works that make the artwork perfect. Their creativity and strategies play an important role in achieving success. Poets have also used different techniques to convey the ideas of the pudhukavithai to the readers as per the technique that can be used. Manushyaputhiran is one of them. His poems are about the problems of contemporary people. He has used simple techniques to make his poems understandable to the readers. This article depicts the sufferings happening in the society through images, similes, metaphors and myths through poems
Saiva Kuravargal’s Love and Morality
Get PDFThe Devotion movement grew up with religious work and helping individual people. That is, the Devotion movement developed on the basis that charity should be given to the people living in the society as well as to the temples of God. In Saiva Samaya, by accepting morals in the name of God, not only towards human beings but also towards all living beings, with the morals of godliness and charity, the devotees, priests, and Sivadians who dedicated themselves to Lord Shiva drummed the sacrifice of Saiva Samaya. According to this, the most important and foremost people in Saivism, Tirunanasambandar, Tirunavukarasar, and Sundarar are called Devaras, and Manikkavasakara along with them are called Saivakuravas four. In this way, this article aims to know the love and morals of the Saiva Samaya and their religion and the above-mentioned humanitarian deeds special, their devotion to God, and their charitable deeds for the people. And the scriptures recited by Shivanatiyars who were possessed by the Lord came to be known as Tirumuraikal. The works of the four religious’ people among them, the number of their rituals and songs (pathikams), and the four Saiva religious people who were possessed by the Lord, the charity that they did to remove the suffering of the people with the grace of God and the charity that they did with love to praise the grace of the Lord are made to be seen in this sermon as the morality and love
Religious Beliefs in "Silambu"
Get PDFMan is not only an animal that eats, dresses, and lives, but also an animal with religious knowledge. Only man, unlike animals, has discovered a superhuman power to protect himself from threatening evil and to obtain what he desires. How the ancient people came to think about religion is an unending debate among anthropologists and realists. He mentions that scholars like "Periluite" and others like "Thurkiyam" think that the fear that appeared in the people is the reason for the emergence of religion. The text says that there was a principle behind the fact that Veeduperu (Salvation), Meyporul (Reality), Illatthuravu (Give up material life), Vethanambikkai (Belief in Vedas), Nadukal Vanakkam (Salutation to Hero Stone), the number three, Veda and Velvi (Veda and Sacrifice), are considered to be religious as well as subjected to scrutiny and appropriate that being religious is wise. Therefore, Ilango has also indicated the state of meditation of the saints of Jainism. It can be seen in three places in Silapathikaram that the people of that time gave importance to the number three in their lives. Countless sounds are heard in the city of Madurai. Then it can be known that the Vedas have been used in a faith-based manner by the fact that they are recited and the sound is heard. During the Silapathikaram era, virtuous Brahmins lived all over Tamil Nadu. They recited the Vedas, made prayers, and performed their six types of activities, such as reciting, desiring, conducting prayers, and offering gifts. The Epic emphasises the excellence of the Vedas by praising the maadalan. "Gods are peerless warriors who do good." According to the Greek philosopher, Euchemerus, after the deaths of these heroes, the people began to worship them as gods. But he also accepts the worship of dead ancestors as the root cause of religion. Despite these differences of opinion, religion is a very deep subject that resonates with man's deep experiences. A place where the thoughts and dreams of billions of minds flash, explaining the religious beliefs of the Silapathikaram period
The Marginal Status of People as Shown in Sangam Literature
Get PDFTolkappiyam divides human society into four categories: kings, nobles, merchants, and agriculturalists. Over time, people developed various caste structures within the four groups. People are constantly creating/teaching some reason within themselves and living with the mindset of differentiating as high and low. Each group was/is in the mindset that they should have a group under them to do slave labour rather than think they are being enslaved by a group. The agriculturists did not get the social rights that were available to the king, nobles, and merchants. Sangam texts form the land-based communities. The land based communities came together for the barter system. However, they also had separate ideas of superior and inferior. There is a social structure based on professional systems of superiority and inferiority. Sangam texts reflect the position of people who lived a life of prosperity and the opposite position of people who lived a life of poverty. The occupations of the destitute to earn their living were considered despicable in those days. So those who do such professions are taught to be ignoble in society. This article sets out to consider them as marginalised people
A Field Study of the Street Slogans of the Dravida Kazhagam
Get PDFThe aim of this field study is to highlight how the Dravida Kazhaga street slogans became a powerful and unique tool for the development of that movement. Superstitions, racial consciousness and rights, women's rights education and language, economic development programs and universal humanitarian principles are found in those texts. Words of denial of God, anti-religious words, advices for human harmony, and words of eradicating superstition are seen as eloquent words that highlight Thanthai Periyar's ideas. Dravida Kazhagam's education policy and language policy are all Periyar policies only Based on that, anti-Hindi slogans have been divided into bilingual acceptance slogans and anti-education policy slogans. It is important to note that research ethics are not required for this research study, which has been prepared through field research