International Research Journal of Tamil
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C. Iyothee Thassa Pandithar, The First Pioneer of Dravidian Ideology
Get PDFThe time of revival of the Hindus and the conversion of all the people into Hinduism through organizations such as the Brahma Samaj and the Arya Samaj took place in the latter half of the 19th century. Iyothee, one of the great thinkers of modern India, renounced Hinduism when he examined his society and the reasons for experiencing his social and caste oppression. In this study, the researcher has explained in detail and clearly, with sufficient supporting evidence, the quest for the education of Iyothee, the anti-Hindu religious sentiments of Iyothee, the Dravida Mahajana Sabha and the 10 demands, the village school, and the right to proportion, the reasons for the decline of the Paraiyars, the need for social change, the disguised brahmins, and the Dalits and the toil, and the role played by Iyothee in his society and caste oppression
Shakthasamayam Thoughts in Bharathiyar's Works
Get PDFHe created many innovative works in many areas, such as religion, philosophy, art, social reform, women's upliftment, freedom, condemnation of superstitions, mercy, and humanity. In that way, his view on religion is admirable. Being born into a Brahmin clan, he was naturally inclined towards piety and religious thinking. At the same time, he also tried to look at them in a humanistic way. Because of that, he thought that there was a need for reform in society and religion to solve the woes of mankind. He directly condemned the superstitions traditionally practised by the Brahmins, which were not mentioned in the Vedas. He was very much attracted by Vedanta and sang many reconciliation songs mixed with Advaitha (dualistic) thoughts. However, he was deeply devoted to Goddess Parashakthi. Most of his Shakthi songs are composed in such a way, that the Almighty Shakthi should help the society prosper, for him to make revolutions, and to improve the lives of the poor. He records in many songs that the Goddess Shakti is present in his actions and words. Let us look at the composition of his Shakthi songs, which are arranged in such a way that he mentions that Shakthi is the cause of his activity, just as all life in the world needs a force to function
Bharathi's Blissful Freedom
Get PDFBharathi said, "Let us dance and sing as if we have attained blissful freedom." These lines are not lines written after we gained independence from the British on August 15, 1947. It is Bharathi's true voice when we were enslaved by the British. Through his works, our beloved Mundasukavi has given freedom to the people of India and Tamil Nadu through his works. He instilled the desire for freedom in the people through the three positions of "We have a job as poetry writing, work for the country, and not getting tired even for a blink of time". Freedom is not only about Indian freedom but also the freedom of the woman, as "Women deserve freedom," "If men and women are treated equally, this world will flourish," and "You saw a white cat growing up in our house. In his works, he has highlighted the freedom of working-class people from caste and discrimination through the lines "If the colours are different, there is no difference among humans" and "All human beings of the world are one race." Our revolutionary poet used his works as a weapon to unite thirty crore people. It is Bharathi's wish and dream to make a society a common property for the whole community of thirty crore people to blossom here. The purpose of this article is to remember Bharathi's blissful independence on the occasion of 75 years of independence
Bharati who Lost his Heart in Songs
Get PDFSenaappothar (Thiruvalluvar) said that water will flow from a well in the sand in proportion to the depth to which it is dug, and knowledge will flow from a man in proportion to his learning. Learned men had been given a fruitful opportunity to explain boundless truths after having dusted many sources, referred to many articles, submerged in the ocean of Bharathi, and selected one facet from many, like a pearl preciously discovered. Bharathi of the Tamil world has disturbed my sleep. My knowledge marches towards completion because I have done this research. At every stage, why did Bharathi, who has won the times and is still alive today, in his lifetime, immersed in music, mesmerised by rhythm, enraptured by songs, and at every stage, why did he lose his mind in "Song?" When examining that, some things become apparent. They are explored in this study. A mind that is not mesmerised by music will be mesmerised by Tamil music. Bharathi had a great desire to make his songs dance in the language of everyone, from the layman to the learned. That's why he has composed music with a great effort like a lyricist so that they should be sung sweetly in his own time, be it hymns, fiery chants of freedom, or Vedanta philosophy. It is clear that Bharathi's patriotic songs, set to music, were the primary accompaniment to the great revolutionary struggles. What we wonder about in this study is song, i.e., beyond music, the origin and evolution of song, its spread in the multiplicity, and its innumerable types. The adventure that has made our hearts go crazy after listening to the song
Versatility and Periyapuranam
Get PDFMan sets up safe habitats to protect himself from the forces of nature. He also believed that science could help us solve problems in our daily lives. Man is making great achievements today because of his scientific progress. Astronomical research, medicine, and other technical research are constructed through science. Therefore, how the human body is structured, its movement, the forces required for movement, and all such things have been explained by science, and the benefits of science to improve daily life and protect human lives are immense. Sekkizhar's epic Thiruthondar Puranam demonstrates that he was a great artist. The arts have a special place in the Periyapuranam which is also known as national literature. The purpose of this article is to understand the scientific techniques in the fields of dance, song, sculpture, building, education, medicine, astrology, etc., through the Periyapuranam of that period
The Sense of Resisting Power in the Performance of the Makidi Kooththu (Art Form) - A Study
Get PDFThe Makidi Kooththu is a significant art form in Sri Lankan traditional Art Theatre. This argues the disputes among the people who arrived and the people who already there in a ritual form. In the later period, it has grown up to the level of a space which is incorporating people even from the social power space, and debating at the performance level. This has the feature of exposing the power that cannot be able to interpret the opposition directly, converting and presenting it as a ritual art form creation in their cultural space. The important mechanism used here is to allow the audience to have conversation during the performance level of Kooththu and to make them think. The ritual form which is in practice among people is one of the strategies used by them to expose this sense of resisting power. This Makidi Kooththu is a People's stage device which is created in a ritual art form theatre in order to curtail the power. The factors such as the way the ritual form is managed and the manner the power is resisted are analysed here
Karaikkalammaiyar's Devotional Code
Get PDFThe literature that appeared in each period is a reflection of the society of that time. According to the social environment, their songs are special. In this way, these literatures are called by the name of the period in which they appeared as Sanga period literature, Ara Ilakkiyam, Kappiya literature, Bhakthi literature, Sittrilakkiyam contemporary literature. The Bhakti period was from the 6th to the 9th century AD. But before that time it was Karaikal Ammaiyar who created many devotional literatures in the worship of Shiva and was the pioneer of all the servants. He has given works such as Thiruvirattai Manimalai, Arputha Thiruvanthadhi, and Thiruvalangattu Muththa Thirupathikam. Each pattern is followed in all three works. The purpose of this article is to explore his movement with such works. Karaikalammaiyar’s songs reveal his life, society, the parables she follows, and the mythological messages she tries to convey. The patterns she dealt with in his works later evolved into Prabandhas. The development of such literature is also explored. The difference between his Bhakti Norma and the Bhakti Norma of other servants is examined. In this study descriptive, analytical and comparative research approaches are followed
The Life of Husband and Wife in Sangam Literature
Get PDFIf we want to know about a generation, it is enough to study their language and the antiquity of that language and if we want to study and know the antiquity of Tamil language, the best place for that is Sangam literature. The virtues of the Tamil language are love and valor which can be divided into internal and external life. Thus, we should know how lifestyle of husband and wife. In the Sanga, literature, the wife has great love for her husband. A wife is one who spends according to her husband’s income and does not give up her husband in the society. The homeliness of a wife who graciously welcomes visitors is admirable in Sangam literature. Wife suffers a lot when husband goes abroad for his wealth. She regrets for their separation and her body becomes thin. She graciously entertains all the relatives and non-relatives who come to her house at all times. The husband also suffers a lot because of their separation. But soon the husband changes his thoughts in activities like making money and so on. But the Wife maintains hospitality, filial piety, social virtues etc. in love life and as well as in domestic life. One of the reasons for this situation is the Sangam era, the reason for this is that a woman maintains a home, fertility and hospitality. A leader maintains hospitality only for a while. The husband goes to the prostitute's slum and returns, even after knowing all this wife accepts him out of love. In Sangha literature, the wife always mainatains a good moral behaviour. Thus, it is special that the wife gets a special distinction in Sangam literature
Thirumantiram and Prasada Yoga
Get PDFMystic syllable is the god of all universes. It includes both living and non-living things. Among them, the universal law is that what is born dies and what dies is born. Siddhas are those who have a different lifestyle and they followed some kind of Thavam in their life. They believed Thavam is the only solution to attain God. All these are the constituents of the Agamas given by God. Overall, there are 28 agamas. Thavam is the only way to merge with God. Shiva is the one who first preached to Parvati. Subsequently, Nandi received nine Agamas among them. Among them Thirumular provides Thirumantram. Among them Atanga Yoga, Kesari Yoga, Parianga Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, Prasada Yoga are the ways to reach God. Among these Prasada Yoga gives a blissful life. With reference with the texts given by Thirumoolar and Siddhars this article briefly explains Prasada Yoga its duration of meditation, sound, spiritual experience, benefits, etc
The Worship Tradition of the Tamils in the Sangam Akam Scriptures
Get PDFThe events and rituals that continue from the birth to the death of man are based on faith. Agriculture, food, medicine, music, koothu, astrology, worship, rituals, etc. are all regarded as traditional. From generation to generation, man has accepted what is beneficial from his experiences as customs, traditions, and manners. Their descendants have worshipped the deities with reason. The woman leader fell in love with the one who belonged to the hilly area and had solved the difficulties in the place of preservation of the grains cultivated. Seeing that she was not sleeping without eating, the foster mother mistakenly thought that the woman leader was suffering from some disease and went to the temple and made an offertory to Lord Muruga, slaughtered the goats, and worshipped him. Moreover, efforts have been made to cure their daughter's illness by performing a prayer and by rolling dice. Our soldiers who go to battle have been worshipping Kotravai and praying for their victory. In memory of the dead, they planted a sepulchral stone and worshipped it. They have been worshipping God for the rain. These messages are based on evidence