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Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don bitkisinin antioksidan aktivite, toplam fenolik madde içeriği ve a-glukozidaz enzimi inhibisyon potansiyelinin araştırılması
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G.Don bitkisini yaprak, sap ve rizom olarak 3 kısma ayırıp, bu kısımların protein içeriğini, antioksidan aktivitesini, toplam fenolik madde içeriğini ve ?- glukozidaz inhibisyon oranını belirlemektir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bitkinin proksimet analizleri Association of Official Analytical Chemists’in (AOAC) metotlarına göre yapılmıştır. Antioksidan aktivite, toplam fenolik madde analizleri ve ?- glukosidaz inhibisyonunun belirlenmesinde ise spektrofotometrik yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Örnekler arasındaki farklılıkların değerlendirilmesinde tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey testi uygulanmıştır (pyaprak>sap şeklinde, sırasıyla 2,78 ± 0,04; 1,11 ± 0,06 ve 0,81 ± 0,07 mg GAE/ g taze ağırlık olarak bulunmuştur. Yaprak (%52,06 ± 2,87) ve rizom (%54,34 ± 1,10) ekstraktlarının ?-glukozidaz inhibisyon değerleri standart ?-glukozidaz inhibitörü olan akarboza (%43,05 ±1,27) göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don bitkisinin protein içeriği açısından önemli olduğunu; antioksidan ve antidiyabetik özellikleriyle insan sağlığını destekleyebileceğini ortaya koymuştur
Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against salt and heat stress in safflower cultivars
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) pretreatment on seeds of different safflower cultivars (Balci, Dincer) under salt and heat stresses. The apparent effects on stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2 center dot-) content), as well as changes in germination and physiological parameters (radicle and plumula weight and length measurements), were investigated. TiO2NP pretreatment caused an increase in radicle length and plumula fresh weight for the Balci cultivar under salinity. Furthermore, plumula dry weight was alleviated with TiO2NP pretreatment for both cultivars. TiO2NP pretreatment improved plumula dry and fresh weights for both cultivars under heat stress. In addition, MDA content decreased for both cultivars under heat stress but only for Balci under salt stress. The amount of O2 center dot- radicals positively affected only the radicle for both cultivars under heat stress. This study is the first to document the alleviation of salt stress damage for the Balci safflower cultivar, and protection for both Balci and Dincer cultivars under heat stress, using 200 ppm TiO2NP pretreatment
Optical, structural, morphological, and gas sensing properties of Mg-doped ?-Fe2O3 thin films deposited by RF and DC magnetron Co-sputtering technique
No full textIn this research, Mg -doped hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) thin films with different Mg -doping concentrations were synthesized on glass substrates using the direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron co -sputtering technique, and the changes of some physical properties due to the concentration of the dopant were investigated. The optical, structural, morphological, and elemental properties of the obtained Mg -doped alpha-Fe2O3 thin films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD analysis revealed that the investigated thin films have a rhombohedral crystal structure. The deposition of films at different DC sputtering voltages caused significant variations in stoichiometry and nanostructure. The thin films' band gap energy values were estimated based on absorption measurements, and results ranged from 2.15 eV to 2.69 eV. Raman peaks were observed between 218 cm(-1) and 1305 cm(-1). The thin films exhibit uniform surface morphology throughout the substrate according to the SEM images. The low RMS roughness values obtained from AFM images showed that the surfaces of Mg:Fe2O3 thin films are smooth. The Mg -doped alpha-Fe(2)O(3 )thin film doped by 150 W DC voltage exhibited a good gas -sensing response at 300 C. A remarkably quick response/ recovery time was achieved
Ultrasonic assisted extraction of water-soluble vitamins from minor components of bee pollen with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent
No full textIn this study, different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for vitamin extraction from bee pollen. The DES combination with the highest total amount of individual vitamins was choline chloride: ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The response surface method was then used to optimize the extraction conditions. The independent variables used for optimization were ultrasonic power, time, and temperature, while the dependent variables were the total individual amino acids, total individual phenolic compounds, and total individual vitamin contents. Spectrophotometric analyses and antimicrobial activity were also determined in the extracts. In addition, AGREEprep, ComplexGAPI and BAGI tools were used to evaluate the greenness of the method. The results obtained with DES were compared with water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, which were considered control groups. As a result of optimization, the optimum conditions were found to be 75 % for ultrasonic power, 71.5 min for sonication time, and 40 degrees C for ultrasonic bath temperature. The model's composite desirability value (d) was found to be 0.81. The predicted value and the experimental values were close to each other. Furthermore, the most dominant vitamin in DES extracts was ascorbic acid, the most dominant amino acid was proline, and the most dominant phenolic compound was myricetin. The amounts of these compounds were higher than those obtained from water, ethanol, and methanol extracts. The spectrophotometric analysis results obtained higher yields with DES compared to the control groups. Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that pollen extracts prepared using choline chloride: ethylene glycol had a weak inhibitory effect for Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria but not yeast-like fungal strains. In conclusion, DES has been successfully used to extract vitamins and other bioactive compounds from bee pollen. The results obtained showed that DESs can be an alternative to organic solvents for the extraction of vitamins, which are among the minor components of bee pollen. Besides, the potential of the application different DESs for more efficient extraction of vitamins and components with important pharmaceutical properties from bee pollen needs to be evaluated in detail.Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2022/206]This study was supported by the Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. (Project No. 2022/206)
Aromatski profil maslaca proizvedenih korištenjem razli?itih starter kultura
No full textThe aroma of fermented dairy products is greatly influenced by starter cultures and by the lactic acid bacteria strains that are used as starter cultures. Experimental butter samples were produced using no starter culture, by a commercial starter culture (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides), by a prepared bacteria mix (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis EM1, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris EM28, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis G49, Leuconostoc mesenteroides B3), and by a prepared bacteria mix fortified with Lactobacillus rhamnosus B19 (L. rhamnosus B19). The aroma profile of the butter samples was investigated using a gas chromatography mass spectometry method (GC-MS). A total of 92 components were determined in the butter samples, including acids (12), alcohols (20), aldehydes (9), alkanes (6), esters (8), ketones (19) and several other aroma compounds (18). The sample containing the prepared starter culture had the most detectable aroma components, while the lowest number of aromatic components were found in the sample without a starter culture. 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) was not detected in the sample without a starter culture. 2-Butanone 3-hydroxy(acetoin) content was the highest in the sample containing the commercial starter culture and the lowest in the sample without a starter culture
Pollution Source and Soil Quality Assessments of Heavily Contaminated Soils by Selected Potentially Toxic Elements in a Human-Degraded Wetland Area
No full textWetlands are transitional between terrestrial and aquatic environments and have essential ecological functions. Unfortunately, due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, the area covered by wetlands is gradually decreasing worldwide, causing deterioration and loss of their critical and vital ecological functions. One of these degraded wetlands is the H & uuml;rmet & ccedil;i Sazl & imath;& gbreve;& imath;, a nationally important wetland located in the Kayseri Province of Turkey. This study aims to determine the spatial and vertical (depth profile) distribution and the sources of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the soils around the H & uuml;rmet & ccedil;i Sazl & imath;& gbreve;& imath; Wetland (HSW) and to evaluate environmental risk factors using various soil quality indicators. According to the results obtained, it was determined that some parts of the wetland soils were significantly polluted in terms of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The concentrations (in mg/kg) of these PTEs in the soil around the wetland ranged between 9.12 and 273.9 for As, 0.38 and 1119.46 for Cd, 3.59 and 1807.66 for Pb, and 41.68 and 77,287.5 for Zn. Several soil quality indicators, including the Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Ecological Risk Index (ERI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), were calculated to determine the quality and pollution levels of the collected soil samples. According to the calculated RI values, 70 out of 77 sites sampled in the area around the HSW are in the High Risk class in terms of all studied PTEs. The soil profile samples indicated that the topsoil (0-50 cm) was heavily contaminated by all PTEs, particularly near a zinc processing plant established in 1976. In addition, parts of the wetland further away from the Zn processing plant were also affected by arsenic pollution from geogenic sources, which can be associated with Plio-Quaternary volcanic activity in the region.Mersin University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit [2018-2-TP2-2920]This research was funded by the Mersin University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit, grant number: 2018-2-TP2-2920
Marriage almost and its scope in Islamic law
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bilim DalıBu çalışmada "nafaka" kavramının anlamı, mahiyeti ve kapsamı ele alınmıştır. Evlilik nafakasının neleri kapsadığı, hangi durum ve şartlarda verilmesi gerektiği değerlendirilmiştir. Evlilik, insanın fıtratında olan ve Allah'ın da insanlara tavsiye ettiği bir kurumdur. Nafaka, evliliğin huzurlu bir şekilde devam etmesi için gereklidir. Günümüzde boşanmaların birçoğunun sebebine bakıldığı zaman kocanın karısına vermesi gereken nafakayı ihmali olduğu görülmektedir. Evlilik insanlar üzerinde bazı hak ve sorumluluklar doğurmaktadır. Bunların en önemlisi nafakadır. Nafaka evliliğin daha sistemli ve tartışmalara yol açmadan Evlilik nafakası sahih bir nikâhla başlayıp boşanma ya da ölüm ile sona ermektedir. Mesken, temel gıda, sağlık giderleri ve giyim masrafları evlilik nafakasına dahil olan giderlerdir ve bunlar İslâm hukuku tarafından koca üzerine yüklenen sorumluluklardandır. Nafaka evlilik hayatının huzuru için gereklidir ve insanca yaşamanın sürdürülebilmesi için zorunludur. Bu çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde nafaka kavramı, çeşitleri ve evlilik nafakasının kapsamı; ikinci bölümde kocanın nafaka sorumlusu olmasının şartları ve kadının nafaka hakkını düşüren durumlar ve son bölümde ise iddet nafakası ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nafaka, evlilik, nikah, sorumluluk, iddet.In this study, the meaning, nature and scope of the concept of "alimony" are discussed. What marital alimony covers and under what circumstances and conditions it should be given have been evaluated. Marriage is an institution that is in human nature and recommended by God. Alimony is necessary for the marriage to continue peacefully. When we look at the reason for most of the divorces today, it is seen that the husband neglects the alimony he is supposed to give to his wife. Marriage creates some rights and responsibilities on people. The most important of these is alimony. Marital alimony begins with a valid marriage and ends with divorce or death, before the marriage becomes more systematic and controversial. Housing, basic food, health expenses and clothing expenses are expenses included in marital alimony, and these are among the responsibilities imposed on the husband by Islamic law. Alimony is necessary for the peace of married life and is mandatory for the continuation of a human life. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, the concept of alimony, its types and the scope of marital alimony; In the second part, the conditions for the husband to be responsible for alimony and the situations that reduce the wife's right to alimony, and in the last part, waiting period alimony are discussed. Keywords: Marriage, alimony, wedding, responsibility, violence
BELEDİYELERİN STRATEJİK PLANLARININ KALKINMA PLANIYLA İLİŞKİSİ: 11. KALKINMA PLANI ÜZERİNDEN 3 BÜYÜK KENT ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
No full textDevletin ekonomi, sağlık, adalet, güvenlik, istihdam, eğitim, sosyal hizmetler, ulaşım gibi hemen her konusuna ilişkin gelecekte ulaşmak istediği hedeflerin, politika ve tedbirlerin yer aldığı kalkınma planlarının başarıyla ulaşmasında ülkedeki diğer kurumların amaç ve hedeflerinin bu plana uygunluğu oldukça önemlidir. Ulusal stratejik amaç ve hedeflerin yer aldığı kalkınma planları ile yerel stratejik amaç ve hedeflerin belirlendiği stratejik planlar arasındaki uyum da bu anlamda oldukça değerlidir. Bu düşünceden yola çıkılarak yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı kalkınma planları ile yerel yönetimlerin stratejik planları arasındaki uyumun incelenmesidir. Çalışma Türkiye’nin 11. Kalkınma Planı ile Türkiye’nin nüfus bakımdan en kalabalık şehirleri olan Ankara, İstanbul ve İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi 2020-2024 Stratejik Planları ile sınırlandırılmış, söz konusu planlar arasındaki uyum incelenmiştir. 11. Kalkınma Planı’nda doğrudan yerel yönetimlere ilişkin düzenlemeleri içeren “Yaşanabilir Şehirler, Sürdürülebilir Çevre” başlığı altındaki düzenlemeler Ankara, İstanbul ve İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyeleri Stratejik Plan’larında araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmış, kalkınma planı ve stratejik planlardan elde edilen veriler NVIVO 14 paket programının da yardımıyla içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda stratejik planların genel hatları ile 11. Kalkınma Planı ile uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna rağmen KÖYDES-KIRDES gibi yerel yönetimleri ilgilendiren ulusal projelere stratejik planlarda yer verilmemesi, kalkınma ajansları, KOSGEB gibi uzmanlık kuruluşları ve ilgili bakanlıklar ile işbirliğine yönelik herhangi bir düzenlemensin yer alamaması stratejik planlarda önemli bir eksiklik olarak tespit edilmişti
Optimum design of steel frames against progressive collapse by guided simulated annealing algorithm
No full textIn this paper, a Guided Simulated Annealing (GSA) algorithm is presented to optimize 2D and 3D steel frames against Progressive Collapse. Considering the nature of structural optimization problems, a number of restrictions and improvements have been applied to the decision mechanisms of the algorithm without harming the randomness. With these improvements, the algorithm aims to focus relatively on the flawed variables of the analyzed frame. Besides that, it is intended to be more rational by instituting structural constraints on the sections to be selected as variables. In addition to the LRFD restrictions, the alternate path method with nonlinear dynamic procedure is used to assess the risk of progressive collapse, as specified in the US Department of Defense United Facilities Criteria (UFC) Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse. The entire optimization procedure was carried out on a C# software that supports parallel processing developed by the authors, and the frames were analyzed in SAP2000 using OAPI. Time history analyses of the removal scenarios are distributed to the processor cores in order to reduce computational time. The GSA produced 3% lighter structure weights than the SA (Simulated Annealing) and 4% lighter structure weights than the GA (Genetic Algorithm) for the 2D steel frame. For the 3D model, the GSA obtained 3% lighter results than the SA. Furthermore, it is clear that the UFC and LRFD requirements differ when the acceptance criteria are examined. It has been observed that the moment capacity of the entire frame is critical when designing according to UFC
The effect of blended learning approach on academic achievement in 7th grade science course
No full textLisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Fen Bilgisi Eğitimi Bilim DalıBu araştırmanın amacı, Harmanlanmış Öğrenme Yaklaşımı hazırlanarak işlenen fen bilimleri dersi "Işığın Madde ile Etkileşimi" ünitesinin, 7.sınıf ortaokul öğrencileri akademik başarılarına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın örneklemini 2022-2023 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı II. döneminde Zonguldak ili Kozlu ilçesinde bulunan bir devlet ortaokulunun iki farklı şubesinde öğrenim görmekte olan ve rastgele seçilen 34 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel metot kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadaki katılımcılardan bir kısmı deney grubu (n=16) bir kısmı ise kontrol grubu (n=18) olarak rastgele belirlenmiştir. Deney grubunda derslerin işlenişi sırasında EBA ve Morpa Kampüs uygulamalarından ünite ile ilgili animasyon ve simülâsyonlar kullanılmıştır. Okuldan sonra öğretmen öğrencilerle birlikte web destekli öğretim ile ev ödevi ve alıştırmalar yaptırmıştır. Kontrol grubunda ise dersler, 2022-2023 yılında uygulanan fen bilimleri öğretim programına uygun olarak, işlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Fen Bilimleri Başarı Testi (FBBT) deney ve kontrol grubuna uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 25 istatistik programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçların yorumlanmasında p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi kabul edilmiştir. Uygulanan çalışmanın ana problem ve alt problemlerine ilişkin analizlerini yapmak için non-parametrik olarak kullanılan Mann Whitney U ve Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testleri kullanılmıştır. Parametrik test olarak ise Bağımlı Örneklem t-test kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, harmanlanmış öğrenme yaklaşımı hazırlanarak işlenen fen bilimleri dersinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarında pozitif yönde artış sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda diğer derslerde de harmanlanmış öğrenme yaklaşımının kullanımı önerilmektedir.The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the science course "Interaction of Light with Matter" unit, which is taught using the Blended Learning Approach, on the academic achievement of 7th grade secondary school students. For this purpose, the sample of the study was selected from the 2022-2023 academic year II. The study consists of 34 randomly selected students studying in two different branches of a public secondary school in Kozlu district of Zonguldak province during the period. In the research, the quasi-experimental method with pre-test post-test control group, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Some of the participants in the study were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 16) and some to the control group (n = 18). Unit-related animations and simulations from EBA and Morpa Campus applications were used during the lessons in the experimental group. After school, the teacher had the students do homework and exercises with web-supported instruction. As for the control programs, the courses were taught with the appropriate implementation of the science teaching implemented in 2022-2023. As a data collection tool, Science Achievement Test (FBBT) was applied to the experimental and control groups. The data obtained was analyzed using the SPSS 25 statistical program. A significance level of p<0.05 was accepted in interpreting the results. Non-parametric Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used to analyze the main problem and sub-problems of the applied study. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the science course taught with a blended learning approach provided a positive increase in the academic achievement of the students. In this context, the use of blended learning approach in other courses is also recommended