Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Institutional Repository
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Discrimination of some expired and unexpired drugs under different conditions using Fourier Transform infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance
No full textRepackaging of expired medicines has become common in developed countries and can cause serious health problems. Therefore, the identification of these products is of considerable importance. This study investigated the applicability of an analytical method based on Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for separating two types of expired and non-expired tablets. The study focuses on vildagliptin, collagen, and vitamin tablets and represents a preliminary study for different types of tablets. Instrumental conditions were determined by central composite design. As a result of the the variance analysis, it was found that the pressure parameter was significant, while the number of scans and resolution were insignificant. The optimum instrumental conditions were determined as attenuated total reflection module pressure 57, scan number 20, and spectral resolution 4 cm−1. Derivatizing spectra were used to find major peaks that make a significant difference. As a result of principal component analysis, PC1 in the 92-96.9% and PC2 in the range of 6.6-3% range explained the total variance. In the results obtained, significant discrimination and clustering between the species were seen, and for all three species, expired and non-expired drug samples with different storage conditions could be separated. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy can be helpful in screening for counterfeit drugs as it is easy to use and requires little sample preparation. It is also thought that this approach may be helpful for the initial evaluation of repackaged tablets
The effect of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections on choroidal vascular index in patients with diabetic macular edema
No full textThis study aims to examine and compare the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) at subfoveal 1500 micron (μm) and submacular 6000 μm in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).Fifty eyes of 45 patients with DME who completed six doses of IVB were included in the study group, and 50 eyes of 42 patients who had diabetic retinopathy (DR) but did not receive any treatment were included in the control group. Central macular thickness (CMT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), subfoveal and total choroidal area (TCA), and choroidal vascular index (CVI) were calculated and their changes at zero, three and six months were evaluated.At baseline, CVI was significantly lower in both the subfoveal and total macular areas in the study group (p = 0.004, p = 0.003). In the study group, a significant decrease was observed in CVI between zero and six months in the subfoveal area (p = 0.001). In the submacular area, the decrease in CVI in the study group was significant between zero to three months and zero to six months. There was moderate correlation between measurements of CVI in the subfoveal and total macular areas (r = 0.66, p < 0.001).These findings indicate that intravitreal bevacizumab injection reduces the CVI and the effects of intravitreal anti-VEGF on CVI emerge earlier and more prominently in the submacular 6000 µm area
Which dose of calcium dobesilate is more effective and safe in chronic venous insufficiency? Multicenter retrospective clinical trial
No full text Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different dosages of calcium dobesilate in the management of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) among patients in CEAP classes C3–C4. Methods A comprehensive multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted, including patients aged 18-70 with CEAP class C3–C4 CVI. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving 500 mg of calcium dobesilate twice daily and the other 1000 mg twice daily. Patient progress was monitored using the Global Index Score, CIVIC-20 Score, and precise measurements of ankle and calf circumferences over a 12-month period. Results The higher dosage group (1000 mg twice daily) showed significant improvements in both symptom relief and edema reduction. Ankle circumference reduced notably at 6 months, while calf circumference and overall quality of life, measured by the Global Index Score, showed significant improvement by 12 months compared to the lower dosage group. Conclusions Higher doses of calcium dobesilate markedly enhance the management of CVI symptoms and reduce edema more effectively than lower doses, particularly in patients with advanced CVI. These findings support the use of higher dosages for optimal treatment, though further research is needed to fully evaluate long-term safety. </jats:sec
Faiz Oranı Politika Değişimlerinin BIST Banka Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkileri
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası'nın (TCMB) faiz oranları üzerindeki politika değişikliklerinin BIST Bankacılık Endeksi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Faiz oranları, bankacılık sektörü için kritik öneme sahip olup, yatırımcıların davranışlarını ve dolayısıyla borsa endekslerini etkileyebilecek bir faktördür. 23 Eylül 2021 ile 22 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında TCMB faiz oranlarını sürekli olarak düşürmüş veya düşük tutmuş, bu tarihten sonra ise faiz oranlarını artırma kararı almıştır. Çalışma, bu iki farklı politika değişikliği tarihini esas alarak olay çalışması yöntemini kullanmış ve bu değişikliklerin BIST Bankacılık Endeksi’ne olan etkilerini ölçmeye odaklanmıştır. Olay çalışması yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, 120 günlük tahmin penceresi tercih edilirken, anormal ve kümülatif anormal getiriler için (-5, +5) olay penceresi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların anlamlılığı ise t-testi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, faiz indirimi politikalarının banka endeksinde anlamlı bir etki yaratmadığını, ancak faiz artışlarının negatif anormal getirilerle sonuçlandığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, bu politika değişikliklerinin Borsa İstanbul Bankacılık Endeksine yansıyan etkilerini analiz ederek literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.</jats:p
Evaluation of child with asthma and her caregivers based on the Pender health promotion model, and linkages of NANDA, NIC–NOC: A case presentation
No full textAbstractPurposeDespite highly effective asthma treatments, the prevalence of asthma is increasing in children and adolescents. Despite easy access to asthma control, sufficient control and management are not achieved. Asthma management is crucial to prevent the development of asthma symptoms and attacks, reduce repeated hospitalizations, and prevent a decrease in the quality of life for both the child and caregivers. This case study aims to increase the utilization of theories, models, and classification systems by evaluating a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on Pender's health promotion model (PHPM). Furthermore, the study aims to establish a connection with NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), thereby formulating a nursing care plan.MethodsThis case study evaluated a child diagnosed with asthma for 6 years and their caregivers based on PHPM. A nursing care plan was developed by establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC and based on Pender's health promotion.FindingsBy establishing connections with NANDA, NIC, and NOC, a nursing care plan of a total of six included nursing diagnoses has been created as five based on the PHPM.ConclusionThe care plan implemented improved S.B.K.’s clinical condition. Furthermore, the mother's social support increased, and her confidence in managing asthma improved. As a result of implementing the model, the mother reached the potential to develop healthy behaviors for S.B.K. and make future‐oriented plans.Implications for nursing practiceIt is recommended that NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC, along with PHPM, be used in clinical nursing care and scientific research to enhance the presentation of quality care and the individual's future health potential.</jats:sec
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Engineering: Multidirectional Analysis Using Bibliometric, Machine Learning, Data, and Text Mining Approaches
No full textMembrane engineering is a complex field involving the development of the most suitable membrane process for specific purposes and dealing with the design and operation of membrane technologies. This study analyzed 1424 articles on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane engineering from the Scopus database to provide guidance for future studies. The results show that since the first article was published in 1964, the domain has gained popularity, especially since 2009. Thin-film composite (TFC) polymeric material has been the primary focus of RO membrane experts, with 550 articles published on this topic. The use of nanomaterials and polymers in membrane engineering is also high, with 821 articles. Common problems such as fouling, biofouling, and scaling have been the center of work dedication, with 324 articles published on these issues. Wang J. is the leader in the number of published articles (73), while Gao C. is the leader in other metrics. Journal of Membrane Science is the most preferred source for the publication of RO membrane engineering and related technologies. Author social networks analysis shows that there are five core clusters, and the dominant cluster have 4 researchers. The analysis of sentiment, subjectivity, and emotion indicates that abstracts are positively perceived, objectively written, and emotionally neutral.</jats:p
The Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor JZL184 and ARDS: Differential Effects in Direct and Indirect Rat Models
No full textPurpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to high morbidity and mortality, with limited pharmacological treatments and a reliance on supportive therapies. Recent evidence suggests cannabinoids may offer protective and therapeutic benefits against tissue damage, including lung pathologies. While cannabinoids' positive impacts on lung pathologies are known, their specific effects on ARDS mechanisms have not been thoroughly examined. The study purposes to explore the protective effects of cannabinoids on lung injury in direct and indirect ARDS models, focusing on differences in pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: Rats received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, intratracheally) for direct models or alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for indirect models. Endocannabinoid degrading enzyme, MAGL inhibitor JZL184 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before LPS or ANTU. After 24 hours of LPS and 4 hours of ANTU applications lung tissue samples were collected. Results:In the LPS group, significant epithelial damage and intense NF-κB and caspase-3 staining around the bronchiolar epithelium were observed, with JZL184 effectively reducing inflammation and these markers in the area. In the ANTU group, the damage was more focused on the endothelium with similar increases in NF-κB and caspase-3 staining in the alveolar walls, where JZL184 also decreased inflammation and markers intensity. Overall, JZL184 showed a protective effect against inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue damage in lung injuries, highlighting the therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition in ARDS treatment, with variations in effects depending on the injury model. Conclusion: MAGL inhibition showed model-specific benefits against ARDS-related inflammation, apoptosis, and tissue damage, highlighting its therapeutic potential.</jats:p
Abstract PO1-23-02: Magnetic seeds used for the detection of target lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer – a subgroup analysis of the prospective AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) trial
No full textAbstract Background: Surgical strategies for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer who convert from clinical lymph node positivity (cN+) to a clinically negative lymph node status (ycN0) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) vary between breast cancer centers and countries. The international prospective multicenter-cohort study AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) aims to comparatively evaluate long-term outcomes of different surgical staging procedures such as axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), target lymph node biopsy (TLNB) and targeted axillary dissection (TAD). A secondary study aim is the comparison of different localization techniques for the target lymph node (TLN), one of which is the use of magnetic seeds. Here we report on the largest so far studied prospective cohort using this technique. Methods: We prospectively examined the retrieval rate of magnetic seeds and the identification rate of a TLN in cN+ patients who underwent NAT and were scheduled for TAD. Magnetic seeds were inserted under ultrasound guidance before the start of NAT. The detection rate of TLN and its associations with residual axillary tumor burden as well as with techniques used for detection of SLN were analyzed. Results: Of the 169 patients with magnetic seed marking of the TLN prior to NAT who were included in the AXSANA study, 135 (79.9%) had undergone final surgery at the time of analysis. 13 patients had 2 magnetic seeds implanted, 122 only 1 seed. In 133 (98.5%) patients the magnetic seeds were successfully identified and removed. No additional procedures or imaging were performed in the two cases with seeds still in situ. In 131 out of 135 patients (97.0%) the TLN was identified and resected, in 4 cases no TLN could be identified although in two of those a dislocated magnetic seed was removed. 85 patients converted from cN+ to ycN0 and a TAD was planned. In 84 of these cases (98.8%) the TLN could be detected during TAD. Eight patients (9.4%) had residual tumor only in the TLN, 15 (17.6%) had residual tumor in TLN and SLN and seven (8.2%) only in the SLN. In 71 (84.2%) cases the TLN was also a SLN. Techniques used for the detection of SLN were Tc99 alone (41.2%), blue dye alone (3.5%), both tracers combined (7.1%), indocyanine green (1.2%) and magnetic tracers (36.5%). Because of the high detection rate of 98.5% for all TLN and 98.8% during TAD a formal analysis of confounding parameters was not performed. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the largest prospective series of patients using magnetic seeds for the marking of involved lymph nodes prior to NAT. The retrieval rate of the seed and the detection rate for the TLN after NAT is excellent. Magnetic seeds are a reliable tool for the marking of involved lymph nodes before NAT. Citation Format: Hans-Christian Kolberg, Steffi Hartmann, Maggie Banys-Paluchowski, Elmar Stickeler, Jana de Boniface, Oreste Davide Gentilini, Sarah Fröhlich, Marc Thill, Michael P. Lux, Guldeniz Karadeniz Cakmak, Isabel Rubio, Michalis Kontos, Rosa Di Micco, Dawid Murawa, Thorsten Kühn. Magnetic seeds used for the detection of target lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer – a subgroup analysis of the prospective AXSANA (EUBREAST-03) trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-23-02.</jats:p
Mask-Based IoU for Bounding Box Regression Using Medical Images
No full textBounding box regression plays a pivotal role in the majority of object detection algorithms, significantly influencing the accuracy of object positioning and the regression speed of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In object detection benchmarks, Intersection over Union (IoU) remains the widely adopted metric for evaluation. Traditional IoU-based loss functions often suffer from poor training outcomes and slow convergence, and they fail to account for situations where the predicted bounding box does not entirely capture the object’s mask. This study introduces the Mask-based Intersection over Union (MbIoU) metric for improving bounding box regression in object detection using medical images. The proposed MbIoU metric incorporates the object mask into the bounding box regression process, offering a more precise evaluation of how well the predicted bounding box encapsulates the object. The developed MbIoU metric was tested on the MNIST: HAM10000 dermoscopic skin images dataset, COVID-19 CT dataset, and Brain Tumor dataset and compared to traditional IoU metrics. The results show that MbIoU enhances the prediction by better capturing the object’s contained mask.</jats:p
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sinizm, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelemesi
No full textYapılan araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel vatandaşlık ve mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Zonguldak’ta çeşitli kademelerde çalışan 280 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada öğretmen seçimi kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler “Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği”, “Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Ölçeği” ve “Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği-Eğitimci Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerde örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel vatandaşlık ve mesleki tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla Pearson Korelasyonu, bu değişkenlerin birbirlerini etkileme düzeylerini tespit etme amacıyla da Regresyon testi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucu sinizm genel puanıyla vatandaşlık genel puanı arasında negatif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeyi ve mesleki tükenmişlikleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Son olarak örgütsel vatandaşlık ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise vatandaşlık genel ve tükenmişlik genel boyutları arasında negatif yönlü zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Regresyon analizinde ise değişkenlerin birbirini etkiledikleri tespit edilmiştir.</jats:p