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Kastamonu Yöresinde Üretilen Göknar Kozalak Pekmez ve Sıvı Şuruplarının Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
No full textPinaceae familyasına ait olan Göknar ağacının Kastamonu Ilgaz dağlarında yetişen Abies Nordmanniana türü son yıllarda sağlık üzerine etkilerinden dolayı halk arasında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yöreye özgü Göknar (abies) ağacının kozalaklarından geleneksel yöntemlerle elde edilen pekmez ve şurupların pH, asitlik derecesi, renk ve elektriksel iletekenlik gibi bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal analizleri yapıldı. Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR) yöntemi ile de kimyasal karakterizasyon analizleri yapıldı ve cihazın kütüphanesinde tespit edilen bileşenler yorumlandı. Spektrumların 1200–900 cm-1 dalga boyu aralığında, şekerlerin eklenmesiyle birlikte yeni bantlar ortaya çıktığı gözlemlendi. Göknar kozalak pekmezinde ilave edilen pancar şekerinin düşük sıcaklıkta uzun süre kaynatma yöntemi kullanılarak üretilmesinin poliakrilamid oluşumunu engellediği tespit edildi. Göknar kozalak şurubunda ise 5- hidroksimetilfurufural (5-HMF) yapısal analiz sonucunda tespit edilmemiş olup yüksek sıcaklıkta üretimin gerçekleşmesi ile poli-akrilamid yapıların olduğu belirlendi. Pekmez ve şurup numuneleri kendi aralarında kıyaslandığında, üretim yönteminin, üretim sıcaklık ve süresinin gıdanın içeriğinde meydana getirdiği değişiklikler bu çalışmada ilk defa ortaya konuldu.</jats:p
In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori, anti-urease and anti-gastric cancer activities of novel hydrazones
No full textIn this study, new hydrazone derivatives were synthesized by taking into account the virulence factor of the urease in the urease-positive microorganism H. pylori. The structure of synthesized compounds 3a-3j was confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analyses. After structure confirmations all compounds were evaluated for in vitro urease inhibitory and anti-H. pylori activities. Furthermore, since H. pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, the effects of the synthesized compounds against two different gastric cancer cell lines (SNU1 and AGS) were also evaluated. Amongst the series, two compounds 3c and 3j were found to be excellent inhibitors of urease, having IC50 values of 9.813 ± 0.403 µM and 11.407 ± 0.393 µM, better than the standard thiourea (IC50 = 13.428 ± 0.587 µM), whereas the remaining compounds displayed moderate activity. Compounds 3c and 3d were found to be the most active in the series against H. pylori with MIC values 4 µg/mL and 5 µg/mL. Next, compounds were evaluated as anti-gastric cancer activity and the compounds 3c and 3j were more potent than reference drug cisplatin against SNU1 and AGS. The docking study was executed to analyzed the interaction between the active site of the urease and the compounds 3c and 3j. When the all activities (anti-H. pylori, anti-urease and anti-gastric cancer activities) examined, it was found that the presence of the nitro group, which is an electron withdrawing group, in the 5th position of the thiophene ring (compound 3c) increased all activities. From the structure-activity relationship, it has been observed that the compound 3c showed excellent potential for anti-H. pylori, anti-gastric cancer and can be alternative therapy in the future
New Thiazole Derivatives: Carbonic Anhydrase I–II and Cholinesterase Inhibition Profiles, Molecular Docking Studies
No full textAbstractThiosemicarbazone derivative was obtained by the addition of thiosemicarbazide to 5‐nitro‐thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde. The addition–cyclization of the 2‐bromoacetophenone derivative to thiosemicarbazone derivative gave the new thiazole derivatives (2 a‐k). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), antioxidant, and human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II isoform inhibitory activities of the thiazole derivatives 2 a‐k were investigated. The effects of thiazole derivatives on carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I–II) isoenzymes were examined in vitro using the esterase method. IC50 values for enzyme inhibition were found to be 2.661–22.712 μM for hCA I and 5.372–26.813 μM for hCA II. All derivatives reduced the activities of carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes and were new potential inhibitor molecule candidates. These compounds were found to have minimal effects on AChE and BChE. The antioxidant properties of the target compounds were determined using DPPH and ferric ion‐chelating assays. In particular, compounds 2 k and 2 h had the highest antioxidant effect in the series with IC50 values of 30.11±0.008 μM and 30.21±0.006 μM, respectively. ADMET properties of the compounds found to be effective were evaluated and their interactions with the enzyme were determined by molecular docking.</jats:p
Does the 2D:4D Ratio Exhibit Sexual Dimorphism in Skeletal Malocclusions? A Retrospective Study
No full textObjective: It is noteworthy that the 2D:4D ratio, also called as the ratio of the length of the second digit (2D) to the length of the fourth digit (4D), which has the ability to remain stable lifetime, is associated with various hormones and craniofacial skeletal development as a biomarker in early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and sagittal skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Method: A total of 117 patients (57 females, mean age 13.44±1.98; 60 males, mean age 13.56±2.14) with normal vertical angles were included, and the groups were divided into skeletal classes I, II and III according to the ANB angle. The skeletal class I group consisted of patients with ideal values for both SNA and SNB angles. The skeletal groups were further divided into female and male subgroups by gender. SNA, SNB, SN/GoGn and ANB angles and ANS-PNS and Go-Pog lengths were measured on pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. Digit length measurements were performed with a digital caliper capable of measuring up to 0.01 mm. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated for each group by dividing the 2D length by the 4D length. Statistical analyzes were performed with independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA in normally distributed data, and Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney U tests in non-normally distributed data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between right and left 2D:4D ratios and right and left digit lengths of the same hand in skeletal classes. While statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed in digit lengths and 2D:4D ratios in skeletal class Is, it was observed that the significance decreased as the severity of malocclusion increased. No significant difference was found in terms of sexual dimorphism in skeletal class IIIs. There was no significantly difference between the skeletal groups in terms of 2D:4D ratio and length measurements. Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism was seen in all parameters, especially in skeletal class I patients, and it was found that males had more 2D and 4D lengths and a lower 2D:4D ratio than females. It was also concluded that as the severity of malocclusion increased, the statistical significance of the parameters observed with sexual dimorphism decreased. The fact that sexual dimorphism is fully seen in skeletal class Is but not in skeletal class III has led to the use of the 2D:4D ratio as a diagnostic biomarker in the early diagnosis of sagittal skeletal malocclusions by gender.</jats:p
DOES THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON CARBON EMISSIONS DIFFER FROM DEVELOPED TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
No full textThis study examined the relationship between financial development (FD) and carbon (CO2) emissions for twenty-one developed and twenty-two developing countries over the period of 2001-2020. It was seen that FD led to decreased CO2 emissions in approximately 55% of developed countries and approximately 28% of developing countries. However, in the developed and developing country panels, FD was found to cause more CO2 emissions in developed countries. It was observed that the positive effect in the panel results for developed countries came from Belgium, Denmark, South Korea and the United States, where FD led to a significant increase in CO2 emissions. These results cast doubt on the validity of the EKC hypothesis for these countries.</jats:p
Evaluation of recent studies on electrochemical hydrogen storage by graphene-based materials: Impact of modification on overall effectiveness
No full textThe triglyceride-glucose index as a new predictor of coronary artery complexity in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
No full text Background Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) has a significant impact on cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients. Identification of high-risk patients is essential to optimize clinical management. This study investigates the relationship between the TyG index and CAD complexity, as measured by the SYNTAX score, in elderly patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 216 patients aged >65 years undergoing coronary angiography stratified according to tertiles of the TyG index and the SYNTAX score (SYNTAX score ≤ 22 versus SYNTAX score > 22). Results After adjustment for confounders, the TyG index was identified as an independent predictor of moderate/high scores (SYNTAX score > 22). As a continuous variable, it was significantly associated with moderate/high SYNTAX scores in both diabetic (P = 0.003) and nondiabetic groups (P = 0.004). When presented as a categorical variable, the TyG index remained a significant predictor after adjustment for sex, hypertension, BMI, and glomerular filtration rate. Compared with the T1 group, the risk of a moderate/high SYNTAX score was 5.410-fold (95% CI: 1.034–28.315; P = 0.046) and 7.774-fold (95% CI: 1.836–32.916; P = 0.005) higher in the T2 and T3 groups, respectively. The TyG index showed superior predictive ability for CAD complexity with an AUC of 0.747 compared with the AUC of 0.624 for HbA1c (P = 0.005). Conclusion This study showed that the TyG index is an independent predictor of moderate/high SYNTAX scores in elderly patients with NSTE-ACS, demonstrating superior predictive performance compared to HgA1c and highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for assessing CAD severity in this population. </jats:sec
Batu Qulhu—The stone of death: Harmonizing traditional funerals in the Mandailing community of North Sumatra
No full textDeath and funeral rituals hold significant cultural and spiritual importance in traditional communities worldwide, including within the Islamic faith. This study focuses on exploring the unique funeral ritual known as Batu Qulhu in the Muslim Mandailing community. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes field observations and interviews with ulama and imams who have practical knowledge and understanding of this traditional ritual. The study reveals two origin stories of Batu Qulhu: one attributed to the first Imam in the Mandailing community and the other associated with parents, ulama, and village malims (religious teachers) without specifying an individual source. Batu Qulhu refers to the white river stones utilized by the congregation during the ritual to count the number of prayers offered. The procession of this tradition follows a strict protocol, encompassing prayers, recitation of the Quran, and seeking forgiveness for the deceased and their family. The efficacy of Batu Qulhu serves as a testament to the cultural values of spirituality, tradition, and the preservation of cultural identity. While Batu Qulhu remembrance is specific to the Mandailing community, similar cultural practices can be observed in other regions, highlighting the universal human need to honor and remember the deceased, find solace in collective rituals, and uphold cultural traditions as an integral part of identity and social cohesion
The Course of Dramatic Poetry in Turkish Literature
No full textŞiir, metin türleri içerisinde tanımı ve kapsamı hususunda en çok ihtilafa düşülen türdür. Şiirler; şekil ve içerik özelliklerine göre çeşitli tasniflere tâbi olmuşlardır. Bu tasniflerden biri de “şiir türleri” başlığı altında yapılan sınıflandırmadır. Şiir türleri; lirik şiir, epik şiir, didaktik şiir, dramatik şiir, satirik şiir, pastoral şiir gibi başlıklarda incelenir. Bazı görüşler bu şekilde keskin çizgilerle bir tasnifin yapılamayacağı yönündedir. Özellikle dramatik şiir; manzum tiyatro, anlatı şiiri, manzum hikaye gibi birçok terimle iç içe kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada “dramatik şiir” terimi üzerinde durulacak ve bu terimin ortaya çıkış süreci, dünya edebiyatındaki bazı yansımaları ve edebiyatımızda İslamiyet öncesi süreçten başlayarak günümüze kadar gelen edebi dönemlerden bazı örnekleri sunularak “dramatik şiir” kavramının çerçevesi biraz daha netleştirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Dramatik şiir olarak tanımlanan şiirin Türk edebiyatının her döneminde kendine yer bulabildiği, tüm şiirlerin aslında bir anlatı temeline dayandığı da yine bu çalışmada örneklerle sunulmuştur. Günümüze kadar gelen edebiyat tarihi çalışmalarında şiirin türlere göre edebiyatımızda yer alma sürecinin yeteri kadar yer bulmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kendisinden sonra yapılacak başka şiir türü incelemelerine de kaynak teşkil edecektir. Çalışmanın araştırma sürecinde sözlü dönemde yer alan kaynaklarda geçen şiirlere, Türk dilinin ilk sözlüğü olan Divan-ı Lügati’t Türk’te geçen konuyla alakalı dörtlüklere, halk hikayelerinde ve divan şiirindeki dramatik şiir birimlerine, Batı etkisindeki Türk edebiyatı sürecinin ilk dönemi olan Tanzimat şiirinden Servet-i Fünun dergisinde yer alan bazı dramatik şiir örneklerine ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk şiirinde dramatik örneklere kadar kaynak taraması yapılarak çalışma sonuçlandırılmıştır.</jats:p
Matematik Öğretiminde Eğitsel Oyunların Akademik Başarıya Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
No full textBu çalışma ile 2000-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de eğitsel oyunların matematik dersi başarısı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen araştırmaların istatistiksel verilerinin meta analiz yöntemi ile birleştirilmesi ve eğitsel oyunların matematik dersi başarısı üzerindeki genel etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri tabanları kullanılarak yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda lisansüstü tez vemakaleler olmak üzere 87 araştırmayaulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın dâhil edilme kriterlerine uyan 32 araştırmanınbu çalışmada yer almasına karar verilmiştir. Tüm verileri bir arada görmek ve kodlamaları kolaylaştırmak amacıyla araştırmalardan elde edilen nitel ve nicel veriler öncelikle Microsoft Excel programında düzenlenmiştir. Meta analiz için gerekli nicel veriler Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) yazılımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerdeyorumlamalar Thalheimer ve Cook (2002)’un etki büyüklüğü sınıflandırmasına göre yapılmıştır. Matematik öğretiminde eğitsel oyunların öğrencilerin akademik başarısıüzerindeki etkisi incelenirken, araştırmaların yılı, yayın türü, sınıf seviyesi, yapıldığı coğrafi bölge, kullanılan yöntem ve öğrenme alanı değişkenleri dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan heterojenlik testlerinde araştırmaların heterojen olduğu belirlendiği için yorumlamalarda rastgele etkiler modelikullanılmıştır. Yayın yanlılığı olup olmadığının belirlenmesi için huni grafiği ve Orwin hata koruma sayısı analizleri yapılmıştır. Orwin testine göre eldeki bulgulara zıt değerlere sahip 947 adet çalışma bulunması durumunda, şu anda ulaşılan etki büyüklüğünün etkisiz düzeyde olabileceği ki bunun da imkânsız olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu analizler doğrultusunda bu meta analiz çalışmasında yayın yanlılığının olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda matematik öğretiminde eğitsel oyunların öğrencilerin akademik başarısı üzerinde olumlu yönde etkiettiği, etki büyüklüğü değerinin (0,544)orta düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmacılar bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.</jats:p