Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Institutional Repository
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Incorporation of different particle-size peanut shell powder in wheat flour: effect on the dough and cookie characteristics
No full textAbstract Peanuts are the most produced and processed industrial crops worldwide. Therefore, a considerable amount of waste is generated during its processing. In this study, the effect of peanut shells ground to different sizes (212, 500, and 800 µm) on the physical, chemical, techno-functional, and textural properties of cookies was investigated. The hardness of the dough increased and the stickiness and the dough strength decreased as the particle size decreased; however, no significant differences were observed in the textural parameters between the doughs obtained with 500 µm and 800 µm aperture-sized peanut shell powder. The addition of peanut shells to cookies was found to increase the crude fiber content by 85-100-fold, the total phenolic content by 1.5-1.8-fold, and the antioxidant activity by 2-2.4-fold. The incorporation of peanut shell powder in cookies decreased the thickness by 8–15% but increased the spread ratio by 18–33% compared to the control cookies. The hardness and the fracturability of cookies decreased by about 27–47% and 1–5%, respectively, as the particle size of peanut shell powder increased. The results suggest that peanut shells could be a noteworthy source of fiber and phenolic compounds in functional cookie production.</p
Examination of undergraduate students’ physics expectations
No full textAbstract A body of beliefs based on previous knowledge, attitudes, and experiences creates physics expectations of students about what they will learn and which skills they will use in physics lessons. Previous research indicated these views about knowledge and learning influenced physics learning by affecting their learning approaches. This research aims to investigate the physics expectations of undergraduate engineering and education students, who take various and different numbers of physics courses in Türkiye. The physics expectations of students were examined due to certain variables and they were compared with experts' ideas. In the study, the Turkish version of the Maryland Physics Expectations Survey II (MPEX II) was given to 831 engineering and education students in different universities. The results indicated the statistical differences in the physics expectations scores according to the department that was registered, the number of physics courses taken, and the reading of popular physics books. However, no significant difference was observed in the physics expectations scores according to gender, being an engineering student or education student, the year of the program, and the instructional approach of physics courses. The mean of the percentages of students who thought like experts in item by item was around 2/5; however, when expert-like thinking was considered for the overall scores, almost 12% of students answered at least half of the items like experts.</jats:p
The effect of the <scp>HMGB1</scp>/<scp>RAGE</scp>/<scp>TLR4</scp>/<scp>NF</scp>‐<scp>κB</scp> signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and its relationship with toxoplasmosis
No full textAbstractThis study aims to investigate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and this pathway, which may be effective in the formation of epilepsy by acting through the HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF‐κB signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. In the study, four different experimental groups were formed by selecting Toxoplasma gondii IgG positive and negative patients with idiopathic epilepsy and healthy controls. Experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: Epilepsy+/Toxo− (E+, T−) (n = 10), Group 2: Epilepsy−/Toxo− (E−, T−) (n = 10), Group 3: Epilepsy−/Toxo+ (E−, T+) (n = 10), Group 4: Epilepsy+/Toxo+ (E+, T+) (n = 10). HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, IRAK1, IRAK2, IKBKB, IKBKG, BCL3, IL1β, IL10, 1 L8 and TNFα mRNA expression levels in the HMGB/RAGE/TLR4/NF‐κB signalling pathway were determined by quantitative simultaneous PCR (qRT‐PCR) after collecting blood samples from all patients in the groups. Statistical analysis was performed by one‐way ANOVA followed by LSD post‐hoc tests, and p < 0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. The gene expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, IL10, IL1B, IL8, and TLR2 were significantly higher in the G1 group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In the G3 group, RAGE and BCL3 gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In the G4 group, however, IRAK2, IKBKB, and IKBKG gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). HMGB1, TLR4, IRAK2, IKBKB, IL10, IL1B, IL1B, and IL8 in this signalling pathway are highly expressed in epilepsy patients in G1 and seizures occur with the stimulation of excitatory mechanisms by acting through this pathway. The signalling pathway in epilepsy may be activated by HMGB1, TLR4, and TLR2, which are considered to increase the level of proinflammatory cytokines. In T. gondii, this pathway is activated by RAGE and BCL3.</jats:p
Effect of Movement Kinematics and Heat-Treated Alloys on the Apical Extrusion of Debris: An In Vitro Study
No full text Background: Apically extruded debris can be affected by some features of the file systems such as kinematics or metallurgic properties. Aims: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of movement kinematics (reciprocation or rotation) and heat-treated alloys (C.Wire) on the amount of debris extrusion. Methods: Seventy-two mesiobuccal root canals were assigned into three experimental groups related to the single-file system used (n = 24): two rotational; One Shape (Conventional Ni-Ti), One Curve (C.Wire), and one reciprocating; and One Reci (C.Wire). The file systems were used according to the advisable speed and torque according to the manufacturers’ suggestion. The weight of debris was calculated by subtracting the preweights from postweights of Eppendorf tubes. Kruskall–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data (P = 0.05). Results: One Shape produced the greatest amount of extruded debris compared with One Curve (P < 0.001) and One Reci (P < 0.001), respectively. No statistical difference was found between One Curve and One Reci concerning amount of apical debris extrusion (P = 0.489). Conclusion: Metallurgical properties of files may affect apical debris extrusion. Alloy type is an important factor in the amount of debris extrusion. File kinematics does not affect apical debris extrusion. </jats:sec
Özel Yeteneklilerin Eğitiminde Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Programları Hakkında Okul Bileşenlerinin Görüş ve Önerileri
No full textAraştırmanın amacı, özel yetenekli öğrenciler için BEP’lerin hazırlanması ve uygulanmasında okul bileşenlerinin gözlemleri, deneyimleri, karşılaştıkları güçlükler ve bu güçlüklere ilişkin sundukları önerilerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma türlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Zonguldak Ereğli’de ilkokullarda görev yapan ve özel yetenekli öğrencisi olan 26 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu; analizinde ise betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre katılımcıların çoğunluğunun özel yetenekli öğrencilerin bilişsel, davranışsal, sosyal ve duygusal özelliklerine ve diğer öğrencilerden ayrılan gereksinimlerine ilişkin yeterli bilgiye sahip olmalarına rağmen BEP’lerin hazırlanması ve uygulanmasında yeterli deneyime ve bilgiye sahip olmadıkları görülmüştür. Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin diğer öğrencilerden ayrılan gereksinimleri konusunda katılımcıların çoğu okul, öğretmen, aile ve destek eğitim odası gereksiniminden bahsetmiştir. Öğretmenlerin BEP’lerin hazırlanması ve uygulanmasında sınıf mevcutlarının fazlalığı, farklı birçok seviyede öğrencinin olması, ders süresinin yetersizliği gibi sorunlarla karşılaştıkları görülmüştür. Katılımcılar destek eğitim odalarının materyal, donanım ve teknoloji anlamında zenginleştirilmesi, yetenek ve ilgi alanlarına göre atölyelerin açılması, öğretmenlerin hizmet içi eğitimlerle donatılması şeklinde önerilerde bulunmuştur.</jats:p
Enhancing ultra low temperature district heating systems with neighborhood-scale heat pump and triple-pipe distribution: A techno-economic analysis
No full textUltra-Low Temperature District Heating (ULTDH) systems are advanced District Heating (DH) systems enabling the efficient utilization of low-temperature heat sources for heating systems. A significant challenge in ULTDH systems is the economic inefficiency associated with use of booster Heat Pump (HP) in buildings to achieve the desired Domestic Hot Water (DHW) temperature. To address this issue, this study proposes an innovative ULTDH system incorporating neighborhood-scale water-source booster HPs and distribution triple-pipes. Triple pipe's dual supply line capabilities facilitate the neighborhood-scale water-source booster HPs to be brought out at the neighborhood scale, demonstrating an intelligent approach. This approach reduces the capital investment and enhances the Coefficient of Performance (COP) by utilizing supply line of DH system as the heat source. A comprehensive case study is conducted to demonstrate the superior techno-economic performance of the proposed ULTDH system compared to Low Temperature District Heating (LTDH) as the benchmark solution. All components of both systems are sized by determining the DHW and Space Heating (SH) demands for each neighborhood. Thermodynamic analysis is conducted at a 1-min time resolution for an entire year. Six different heat production scenarios are developed to determine the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH). The results indicate that while the energy performance of the ULTDH surpasses LTDH, the rise in electricity prices favors the ULTDH system.</p
Marine Mammals Sightings at High Latitudes in the Barents Sea, the Northeastern Arctic
No full textThe Barents Sea, an important area for marine mammals, has changed due to climatic factors and increasing human activities. Information on the distribution of marine mammals and monitoring of areas of their high occurrence are essential for understanding population dynamics and informing conservation efforts. Survey data for occurrence of marine mammals were collected in the Barents Sea in the vicinity of the Svalbard Archipelago over 17 days in July, 2022 during the second multidisciplinary Turkish scientific Arctic expedition onboard the PolarXplorer. In total, 42 sightings of 6 cetacean species, 11 sightings of 4 pinniped species, and 2 sightings of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were recorded during 110 hours of dedicated observation effort. White-beaked dolphins were sighted more often than the other cetacean species (χ2=30, P<0.05). The walrus was the most sighted species of pinnipeds. The encounter rate was 2.2 groups/100 nm for toothed whales, and 0.48-1.09 groups/100 nm for baleen whales. The sighted marine mammals mostly stayed as single individuals or pairs, while walruses were observed in groups of up to 120 individuals. Photo-identification data were collected and 35 humpback whale individuals were identified in the Arctic feeding area between 69.593973°N and 81.463930°N latitude; 5.443173°E and 36.833474°E longitude. Four individuals matched the existing records in the Happywhale catalogue. Our study contributes to the knowledge of occurrence and migration patterns of marine mammals in the Arctic region under rapid climate-mediated change.</jats:p
Characterization of the synthesized diaqua-bis(indazole-κN2)bis(nitrato-κO)zinc(II) complex and DFT calculations
No full textIn this study, the diaqua-bis(indazole-κN2)bis(nitrato-κO)zinc(II) complex has been examined by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic analysis methods (FT-IR, UV-Vis). The Zn(II) ion is hexa-coordinated, and the coordination environment around Zn(II) is best considered as a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The theoretical calculations were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Hydrogen bonding in particular has been assessed through topological analysis using methods like electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), and the atoms in molecules method (AIM). Also, the reduced density gradient approach (RDG) has been used to determine the strong and weak attractive, repulsive, and van der Waals interactions in the title complex. The Hirsfeld surface analysis was used to investigate the nature of the crystal structure's intermolecular interactions. The reactivity of the complex was investigated through the use of MEP and HOMO-LUMO studies. The molar conductivity values of the compounds provided evidence of their non-electrolytic nature, while thermal data indicated that the complexes decompose into metal oxide residue in five stages
Synthesis, α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase, and Aldol Reductase Inhibitory Activity with Molecular Docking Study of Novel Imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine Derivatives
No full textInhibition ofaldose reductase (AR), α-glycosidase (α-GLY), and α-amylase (α-AMY) are some of the essential targets in diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (8a-k) were successfully synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. The inhibition effects of the synthesized derivatives against AR, α-GLY, and α-AMY were evaluated using both in vitro and in silico methods. In vitro studies revealed that the derivatives (8a-k) showed significant inhibition activity. The results showed that the novel derivatives (8a-k) demonstrated potential inhibitory activity, with K I values covering the following ranges: 23.47 ± 2.40 to 139.60 ± 13.33 nM for AR and 6.09 ± 0.37 to 119.80 ± 12.31 μM for α-GLY, with IC50 values 81.14 to 153.51 μM for α-AMY. Furthermore, many of these compounds exhibited high inhibition activity, while some of them showed higher potency than the reference compounds. Molecular docking of the target compounds was carried out in the active sites of AR (PDB ID: 4JIR) and α-GLY (PDB ID: 5NN8)
YAPAY ZEKÂ-PAZARLAMA ENTEGRASYONU: ÖRNEK UYGULAMALAR
No full textDünyada ve Türkiye’de hızla gelişen yapay zekâ teknolojileri pazarlama alanında temel bir unsur oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle müşteri davranışları konusunda daha hızlı ve verimli cevap sunmak için pazarlamada yapay zekâdan faydalanılmaktadır. Yapay zekânın belli bir çalışma prensibi, işleyişi vardır. Kullanılan sanal asistanlar ve robotlar, müşterilerin sorularını daha hızlı yanıtlayarak hem tatmin edici bir alışveriş deneyimi sunmakta hem de zaman ve kaynak tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. İçerik oluşturma, kişiselleştirme, arama motoru optimizasyonu, müşteri davranışları analizi, sohbet robotları, veri analitiği ve otomatikleştirme gibi yapay zekâ destekli sistemler, işletmelere ve pazarlama alanına belge yönetimi, pazar analizi, satış, fiyat tahmini, lojistik, ar-ge çalışmaları gibi tekrarlayan süreçlerde görevleri otomatize ederek hem iş gücü alanında hem de kaynak tasarrufu gibi konularda işletmelere daha fazla zaman kazandırmaktadır. Yapay zekânın pazarlama alanına entegrasyonu, çeşitli açılardan işlemleri daha hızlı, etkin ve verimli yapabilmesi adına pazarlamacılara büyük avantajlar sunmaktadır. Yapay zekâ her gün artan rekabette, işletmelerin pazar dinamiklerine uygun hareket etmesinde ve iyi bir pazar stratejisi oluşturmasında katkıda bulunmaktadır. Gelişen yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin hızlı bir şekilde pazarlama literatüründe yer alması, pazarlamacılara ve işletmelere katkı sağlaması açısından bu çalışma çok önemlidir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, yapay zekâ ve pazarlama entegrasyonunu farklı bir bakış açısı ile açıklamakta, değerlendirmekte ve pazarlama anlayışına yeni deneyimler sunmaktadır.</jats:p