Economic Affairs - Official Publication of AESRA
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Economic Analysis of Silkworm Rearing and Cocoon Production in Bilaspur District of Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFSericulture is an agro-based multitudinous activity which involves cultivation of mulberry, production of laying, rearing of silkworms for cocoons, marketing and reeling of cocoons for value added products such as processing and weaving of the yarn. It is a short gestation period labour intensive enterprise which can go a long way in promoting inclusive growth and alleviating poverty in rural areas. The present study was therefore carried out in order to analyse investment and returns pattern of cocoon production in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh. Two-stage random sampling and proportional allocation method was used to prepare a list of sample farmers. Out of 60 silkworm rearers, 19 were large and 41 were small. The dry cocoon production per farm on small and large category was estimated at 8.25 kg (6.20 kg in spring and 2.05 kg in autumn) and 19.51 kg (16.67 kg in spring and 2.84 kg in autumn). The dry cocoon production per ounce of seed was found to be 20.28 kg and 26.14 kg on small and large category households for both the seasons together. The fixed cost of production / ounce for spring crop varied from 9.92 per cent on small farms to 14.75 per cent on large farms. The variable cost varied from 90.08 per cent on small farms to 85.25 per cent on large farms implying the economical use of fixed and variable resources by large growers. The gross returns per ounce seed basis ranged between ` 1,626 and
` 5,535 on small and large farms for the spring crop. The autumn crop was found to give negative returns; therefore farmers should be provided with technology which could reduce the moisture in the rearing room, develop humidity resistant races of silkworms as well as develop varieties of mulberry plantation which may yield good leaves just after rainy season
Agriculture Situation in Punjab: An Analysis of Transformations from Labour Intensive Farming to Capital Intensive Farming
Get PDFThere is no doubt that Punjab farming is capital intensive and agricultural production increased with the use of machinery, high yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers. But the use of technology made agriculture more capital intensive. Punjab farmers are suffering from stagnated agricultural production and their expenditure on agricultural inputs are increasing over the time. This situation creates financial problems for the farming class. The present paper tried to shows the current situation of Punjab’s agriculture in terms of operational land holding, productivity, irrigational sources, marketing of agricultural produced, and transformation from labour intensive to capital intensive farming etc
Globalization, Agro-Based Industry and Unemployment: A Three-Sector General Equilibrium Model
Get PDFThis paper explains how different interconnected measures of globalization, namely, tariff reform, labour market reform and capital account liberalization influence different sectors of the economy, unemployment and flexible wage of unskilled labour in the informal sector. In so doing we depart from the conventional Harris-Todaro type of model of open urban unemployment. The different comparative static exercises performed in a three-sector general equilibrium clearly indicate that globalization is not a panacea for the multitude of problems of an emerging market economy.JEL Classification- E26, F1
Problems faced by Selected Small Business Units in Coimbatore city due to Demonetization
Get PDFSmall scale industries has been considered as device of economic growth and development in many developing countries and this constitute the backbone of an economy in maintaining a significant growth and in generating employment opportunities. The Government of India declared that ` 500 and ` 1000 notes will be no longer legal tender from midnight, 8th November 2016. This move is expected to cleanse the formal economic system, discard black money and counterfeit notes. The small business units who largely depend on Cash related transaction on daily basis witnessed more disturbances. Therefore an attempt has been made to identify the problems faced by the small business units and give suggestions to improve the working of small business units which were affected by demonetization in Coimbatore city. The study revealed that most of the respondents were unhappy about the implementation of demonetization because they faced loss due to cash crunch and had a great impact on their small business activities and their standard of living
Growth and Instability Analysis of Cauliflower Crop in Punjab
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to show the statistical investigation of growth and instability in area, production and productivity of cauliflower in Punjab. The study was based on the data collected from the secondary sources like www.indiastat.com. The results revealed that area as well as production of cauliflower in Punjab and India had increased over the last 27 years but the yield of the crop was found to be decreased over the year in Punjab while in India it had increased over the year. The instability index of productivity was very low and stable in Punjab as compared to the whole over India. This was happening due to higher amount of assured irrigation facilities available in Punjab. Proper concentration should be paid on the improvement on production as well as marketing also
Economics of Sugar Production of Cooperative Sugar factories in North Eastern Karnataka
Get PDFEconomics of sugar production was measured by considering the three cooperative sugar factories using different parameters like costs and returns from sugar production, sugar sales and revenue, by-products sales and revenue in Bidar district of North-Eastern Karnataka (NEK) region. Thus, the calculated sugar sales, revenue accrued and price of sugar revealed that, the average total sugar sales under both open and levy quota was 3722 metric tonnes, while average revenue of sugar sales under levy quota was ` 163 lakh, but the average price of sugar was ` 2275 per quintal over the study period. In order to reduce the losses in the factory, an effort towards the integration and coordination of various sections of the factory must be converged so that the factories can run on a profit basis
Gender Based Comparative Analysis of Workers Participation in Agriculture in Rural Areas of Uttarakhand: A Study of Sahaspur Development Block
Get PDFAmidst the huge migration of the males tough working and living working conditions, the females of the Hill Rural regions of Uttarakhand largely share the burden of the economy of these regions. Many studies depict that female participation is decreasing in the rural areas. Amidst the low declining work force participation of women in India, a few changing patterns can be observed. The first is a shift away from agriculture over the last decade 1999-2000 to 2011-12, and the second is the gain in education of regular employment even during the period 2004-2012, when the overall work force participation rates are declining. The study of the workers participation in Uttarakhand state as per 2011 census shows that female work participation rate is 26.7 percent, which has decreased from the year 2001 when it was 27.3 percent and the same is noticed in the rural areas of the state. The present study conducted in the rural region of Uttarakhand do not totally corroborate these facts and indicates that female work participation in agriculture which is largely carried out for meeting the subsistence level of household demand is still higher under various conditions. The comparison of male-female participation in pre and Post harvest agricultural activities reflect the fact that even after higher rate of participation of females in agriculture, males have larger role in key agriculture activities that require decision making (Ploughing, selection of seeds, and spraying of chemical fertilizers-Pre-harvest; Marketing- post harvest). The overall analysis of the male-female participation in pre and post harvest activities clearly shows that females have higher participation rate in agriculture than males. The study further highlights the factors which lead towards higher preference for female agriculture labour and hence deals with their higher participation rate in agriculture activities in these regions
Economic Efficiency of Input Use in Peach Cultivation in North Western Himalayas
Get PDFPeach is the most important stone fruit in temperate and sub-tropical areas. Among the stone fruits, peach crop accounts for 49.54 per cent in area and 60.82 per cent production in Himachal Pradesh. A sample of 60 farmers cultivating peach was selected using multistage simple random sampling. Results of the study revealed that literacy rate in the study area were worked out to 82.57 per cent with literacy index of 2.23 indicating low quality of education. Average operational area was found 1.26 ha, out of which orchard area was 0.83 ha and peach plantation accounts for 52.38 per cent. The cultivation of peach component was also seem to be quite important; with its contribution to total household income was 45.54 per cent. It has been observed that fertilizer, FYM and Labour were significantly affecting the production but plant protection chemical was not found significant. It has been observed that Fertilizer, FYM, Plant Protection Chemicals and Labour were found to be significantly under-utilized resources and increase the use of these inputs will increase production. The findings of the study strongly recommend the optimum use of the resources in order to attain desired growth in peach cultivation and ultimately the productivity
On Labour Migration in India: Trends, Causes and Impacts
Get PDFThe paper considers the issue of labour migration which is very significant for economic development of any nation. It presents in a nutshell the trends and patterns of migration in India, its causes and impacts as discussed in the literature so far. After doing a rigorous survey of the literature we observe that the issue is, in some sense, neglected and its importance is underestimated. Hence, the paper would serve as a useful guide to the future research on this area
Growth Performance of Rice in West Bengal Agriculture: A Spatio temporal Analysis
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to analyze the rice cultivation scenario in West Bengal from 1994-95 to 2015-16. The study was based on secondary data collected from various sources. Study showed that production, yield, area under high yielding variety (HYV) and area under irrigation had a positive and significant growth rate, whereas area had negative and significant growth rate in overall period i.e., period III (1994-16). North 24 parganas, Cooch behar, Jalpaiguri showed highest growth rate in terms of area, production and yield respectively in period III. Among the traditional rice growing districts Midnapore showed higher growth rate in terms of production and yield than Bardhaman in period III. Midnapore and Bardhaman were among the top three districts in terms of area and production. Variable like rainfall (R) had negative and significant effect in growth of area and production showing unpredictability of monsoon caused the farmers to show reluctance in rice cultivation. Other variable like literacy rate (LR) and fertilizer consumption (FC) had positive and significant effect on growth rate of yield and gross irrigated area (GIA) in terms of growth of area under rice cultivation