Economic Affairs - Official Publication of AESRA
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Production Efficiency of Wet Rice and Wet Terrace Cultivation in Nagaland: Some Field Based Evidences
Get PDFAnalysis of production efficiency of rice cultivation of Wet Rice Cultivation (WRC) in Dimapur and Wet Terrace Cultivation (WTC) in Phek district of the state of Nagaland revealed that, WRC under Dimapur district experienced the highest productivity than WTC under Phek district. The reason for higher productivity for WRC when compared to WTC is due to the better use of seeds, fertilizer, machines, and availability of irrigation facility which had a great impact on production and productivity. Both the farming systems in the two districts are labour intensive and the average labour absorption per acre in Phek district is 41.57 labour man days whereas, in Dimapur district it is about 43.9 labour man days. Result from Cobb-Douglas production function shows that capital plays the predominant role in production in both the districts. The study is based on primary data and the data was collected from 300 household from the two districts and three villages each district using a pre-tested interview schedule. The period of the study was the crop year of 2016-17. The study was found that the cost of production is high in case of small and medium farmers, while the profit rate was high for marginal farmers showing inverse relation between farm size and profitability
Role of Skill India Initiative in Indian Food Processing Industries
Get PDFIndian food processing sector has shown promising growth with wider scope to accelerate agricultural economy of the country. It has given level playing to the multinational corporate to excel direct retailing of the food products. This study has tried to explore the factors affecting the quality delivery in the food processing industry. The conceptual framework has been developed on the basis of existing literature and finds nine responsible factors to deliver quality in the food processing industry. Statistical tests are used to examine the quest, based on the inputs from 50 food processing entrepreneurs. A survey based on structured questionnaire was conducted in three districts of Uttar Pradesh. The finding reveals that availability of educated and trained workers are the most challenging task for food processing players. The study further explores the potential and prospect of Skill India initiative in resolving the scarcity of qualified manpower. It is found that PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana) is giving the meaningful result by adding expertise to employed and unemployed individuals. This initiative is producing competent workforce in almost every zone in India. It is needed to include industrial participation for delivering training so that the needs of both parties were fulfilled.JEL Classification: L66, J24, P23, L15, P4
Impact of National Food Security Mission on Farmers Livelihood in Tamil Nadu
Get PDFIn order to combat the challenge of deficit in food availability, the Government of India launched National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in 2007-08. The main objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood of the people. Rice, wheat and pulses are given high priority in the process of production by the Union and State Governments. In Tamil Nadu, only 25 per cent of the districts (8 districts) where rice cultivation is predominant have implemented the scheme. After the implementation of the NFSM scheme, there has been significant improvement in the farmer’s life. NFSM beneficiaries are in a better position with improved performance in terms of input use, production, productivity in comparison with that of the Non-NFSM farmers. Further, many of the selected villages in the study area are yet to satisfy the existing coverage norms. The farmers are not well equipped with adequate farm materials like cono weeder, multiple planters, power weeder, pump sets, sprayers and power tillers as they have not been provided with them under the scheme. They have been given only a limited support like the provision of seeds and inputs. Besides, there is widespread intra-district disparity in terms of subsidy and benefits distributed
Economics of Hybrid Rice Cultivation in Northern Hill Zone of Chhattisgarh
Get PDFNorth hill region is the major rice producing belt of Chhattisgarh. Northern hill region contributes about twelve per cent of total production of rice in the state. Adoption of hybrid rice constitutes a major component in the rise in productivity of rice in the state. Farmers found it more profitable than other crops due to high yield. Keeping the importance and potential of hybrid rice in the state, the presented study was undertaken. In the presented study, investigator tried to understand the socio-economic profile of the rice cultivators, costs and returns from hybrid rice cultivation and disposal pattern of rice in the study area. A sample of fifty farmers from study area was selected using simple random sampling technique. The size of family was found large (six family member) and majority of farmers are either literate or had attained higher education. The agriculture was found to be the main source of income of farmers in the study area. The cost of cultivation of hybrid rice was highest for large farmers and lowest for small farmers while return from rice cultivation was highest for marginal farmers and found lowest for small farmers despite the lowest cost of cultivation. The input-output ratio was found highest for medium farmers followed by marginal farmers. Majority of farmers sell their rice to government agencies followed by consumers and private agencies
A Comparative Study on the Performance of Various Types of Loans Availed by the Farmers in Thiruvananthapuram District
Get PDFAgriculture is facing a scenario of shifting from subsistence farming to commercial farming. Commercial farming is more capital intensive than the subsistence farming leading to the increased credit requirement for the farmers. The main objective of the study was to investigate the performance of various kinds of credit, adequacy of credit under Kisan Credit Card scheme (KCC), cost involved in availing the credit by the KCC beneficiaries and credit requirement of the respondents. The average amount per farmer sanctioned in SBI under KCC was ` 69,333.33 and in case of Co-operative bank it was found to be ` 52,000. In case of beneficiaries the total amount sanctioned under various loans was found to be ` 9,67,946.93, out of which 74.11 per cent was accounted by housing loans followed by 12.53 per cent under crop loan/KCC loan. Comparing Cost A2 with the scale of finance, credit was found to be adequate for all the crops grown by respondents. While comparing compare Cost C with scale of finance, credit was found to be inadequate in tapioca only with a gap of 2.88 per cent
Perception of Beneficiaries about Impact of Mgnregs on Economic, Social and Societal Empowerment
Get PDFThe present study has been conducted in three districts of West Bengal, namely, Burdwan, Murshidabad and Nadia. The main objective of the present study was to assess the perception of beneficiaries about impact of MGNREGS on economic, social and societal empowerment of beneficiaries. The results of the study showed that respondents were primarily having low to semi-medium level of socio-economic orientation. The study revealed that through participation in MGNREGS activities, participants’ average family income; worth of their possession of domestic material, animal resources and farm power could be increased. Moreover, respondents are having positive perception to the tune of semi-medium to medium level about the impact of their participation in MGNREGS activities on their economic, social and societal empowerment. Independent variables like, social participation, cosmopolites, membership of different social organisation, media exposure and respondents’ education had significant association with their perception about economic, social and societal empowerment
Growth Performance of Livestock Population in India, Karnataka and North-Eastern Region of Karnataka
Get PDFLivestock sector plays a prominent role in rural economy for supplementing the income of rural households particularly for landless labourers, small and marginal farmers. The study was conducted to understand the growth and trends of livestock population in India, Karnataka and North-eastern Karnataka. The secondary data pertained to livestock population was collected from various sources. The study revealed that, In India, the growth in total livestock during 1982-2012 indicated that it had grown at an annual growth rate (AGR) of 0.69 per cent. Among livestock, cattle registered an AGR of 0.21 per cent, while buffalo, sheep and goat registered an AGR of 2.31, 1.95 and 1.31 per cent respectively. Whereas in Karnataka, the growth in total livestock was reported at an AGR of 1.13 per cent during 1982-2012. The growth in total livestock of North-Eastern Karnataka (1982-2012) showed with an AGR of 1.68 per cent. Whereas, cattle population growth rate was registered with a negative AGR of -0.21 per cent, but buffalo, sheep and goat registered an AGR of 1.95, 4.35 and 2.17 per cent respectively
Rural Income and Employment Generation: Contribution of Common Property Resources in Valley and Hill Districts of Manipur
Get PDFIn developing country like India where population is large and unemployment is high, focus on common property resources (CPR) is a must especially in backward regions. Manipur is one of the least developed terminal states in the country which has a total geographical area of 22347 square kilometres (GoM, 2013). Importance of CPRs in the state is multifold. It has been the source of livelihood for several. The study has attempted to identify the sources of household (HH) income, role of CPRs in the livelihood of the people in the state in terms of income and employment generation. Complete enumeration of households and descriptive statistics had been employed to accomplish the study. Identified income sources in the selected valley and hill has been classified under three main sectors viz., farm, non-farm and common property resources (CPRs) income. CPRs based activities in the valley and hill villages vary and generate income and employment to both male and female household members. Income from CPRs based activities contributes 9.38 and 32.59 per cents in the valley and hill village, respectively. In valley village male spends maximum time collecting firewood (22.50 man-days) and females in collection of food items (13.75 man-days). While in hill village, in charcoal making male spends 157.5 man-days and female 135 man-days
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and Livelihood Security: An Economic Study of High Hill Temperate Zone Households of Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFNon Timber Forest Products (NTFP) can fulfill important community needs and improve rural livelihood in Parvati Forest Division of Kullu circle. There is a growing understanding about NTFPs but its importance has not been fully introduced within government frameworks and rural development policies and programs. The average family size of examined area comprised of 6 persons, out of whom 53 percent were males and rest were females. Literacy situation revealed that nearly 83.48 percent family members were literate at overall level with a literacy index of 1.84, indicating poor quality of education in the study area. About 48.48 percent of the total land holding was cultivated area with cropping intensity 172 percent. NTFPs’ contributed about 24.99 percent to the total farm income. Moreover, inclusion of NTFPs’ income in the farm income resulted in reducing the income inequalities as Gini coefficient with NTFPs income from 0.20 to 0.18. NTFPs collection generated on an average 72 days of employment to sampled households. Literacy index and land holding were found affecting NTFPs dependency negatively i.e., with the increase in the land holding size and literacy index, NTFPs dependency is going to decrease whereas, age of the household head was found positively related to the NTFPs dependency, since they had more knowledge about NTFPs uses and their method of extraction
Farm Level Capital Formation in Agriculture: Pattern and Sources of Investment in Southern Karnataka
Get PDFFarm level capital formation by farmers is largely for the creation of productive assets. An understanding of pattern of investment on capital assets and the source of funds for investment at farm level has greater significance in the present context from the point of view of agricultural development. With this background, the study aims at analysing the farm level agricultural investment in Southern Karnataka specifically focusing on progressive (Tumakuru) and less progressive (Ramanagara) agriculture districts with an objective understanding the pattern of investment and source of funds at farm level. The study revealed that, a lion share was accounted by investment on irrigation structures, livestock and farm machinery and implements, across all type of farms in both progressive and less progressive regions. However, magnitude of investment was different across the region. On an average, in both progressive area and less progressive area, large farmers invested greater amount on farm assets per farm followed by irrigated farmers, small farmers and rainfed farmers. In the progressive area, the irrigation development was the preferred area of investment, where as in less progressive area, it was the livestock. The small and rainfed farmers depended on borrowed funds for investing in assets. In progressive area, institution source of funds played a major role than the non- institutional source of funds and vice versa in less progressive area. On the other hand, the large and irrigated farmers, because of their resource base, made investment from their own sources