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The Role of Genital Mycoplasmas in Preterm Labor
No full textBackground: Growth of Mycoplasma in genital tract can cause problems such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and preterm labor. This study was designed to evaluate the role of these bacteria in preterm labor among individuals in Gorgan city which is located in north of Iran.Methods: The study included 100 women with complaints of pain in preterm labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy (case group) and 100 women with term labor (control group) who were referred to Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Teaching Hospital in Gorgan city, north of Iran. Vaginal swabs, collected from all of these women, were evaluated for genital Mycoplasma sp. by molecular method using specific primers with polymerization chain reaction (PCR). The comparison of results was done by conducting X2and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Genital Mycoplasma was detected in 78 cases (39) of 200 vaginal samples. Genital Mycoplasma colonization rates in the preterm and term samples were 60 and 18, respectively, with relative risk of 2.05 (1.78-2.37) (p=0.001). The proportion of Ureaplasma parvum (44 and 15), Ureaplasma urealyticum (11, 3), and Mycoplasma homins (5, 0) was significantly higher in women with preterm birth (PTB) than term labor. No cases of Mycoplasma genitalum were detected in this study. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between presence of genital Mycoplasma in vaginal secretion and the risk of preterm labor. © 2022 Avicenna Research Institute. All rights reserved
Scientometric Study of Research in Information Retrieval in Medical Sciences
No full textBackground: Mapping scientific trends is one of the most important missions of scientometric research for effective research. The main goal of this paper was to visualize and draw the intellectual and cognitive structures of information retrieval (IR) in the medical sciences using science mapping. Methods: In this cross-sectional scientometric study, we recruited all documents indexed in the Web of Science database with the topic of storing and retrieval of information in medical sciences. To analyze the results, 3 software, SciMAT-v1.1.04, VOSviewerv1.6.14, CitNetExplorerv1.0.0, were used. Results: Our results showed that most scientific productions in this field fall into 2 categories: (1) effective methods of organizing information and (2) application and operation of the IR system in the process of intelligent questioning and answering, and analyzing information behaviors of physicians and health professionals. The results showed that the similarity index increased over time from 0.43 to 0.71. Analysis of the findings showed that similarity measures, expert systems, concepts, experience, answers, and multimodel IR clusters were considered as mature and completely centralized clusters in the first quarter of the strategic chart. Conclusion: Because of the dramatic approximation of the vocabulary used by researchers and a relative slowdown in the growth rate of the subject's domain in the last decade, it seems necessary to pay attention to the expansion of the fields of IR and the application of its concepts in medical information sciences. Also, it can be recommended that designers of IR systems and techniques in medical information sciences pay more attention to human factors attentively to develop new technologies and tools. © Iran University of Medical Science
National surveillance of cancer survival in Iran (IRANCANSURV): Analysis of data of 15 cancer sites from nine population-based cancer registries
No full textCancer survival is a key indicator for the national cancer control programs. However, survival data in the East Mediterranean region (EMR) are limited. We designed a national cancer survival study based on population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) from nine provinces in Iran. The current study reports 5-year net survival of 15 cancers in Iranian adults (15-99 years) during 2014 to 2015 in nine provinces of Iran. We used data linkages between the cancer registries and the causes of death registry and vital statistics and active follow-up approaches to ascertain the vital status of the patients. Five-year net survival was estimated through the relative survival analysis. We applied the international cancer survival standard weights for age standardization. Five-year survival was highest for prostate cancer (74.9, 95 CI 73.0, 76.8), followed by breast (74.4, 95 CI 72.50, 76.3), bladder (70.4, 95 CI 69.0, 71.8) and cervix (65.2, 95 CI 60.5, 69.6). Survival was below 25 for cancers of the pancreas, lung, liver, stomach and esophagus. Iranian cancer patients experience a relatively poor prognosis as compared to those in high-income countries. Implementation of early detection programs and improving the quality of care are required to improve the cancer survival among Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to monitor the outcomes of cancer patients in Iran and other EMR countries. © 2022 UICC
Silver Trimolybdate (Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O) Nanorods: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photo-Induced Antibacterial Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation
No full textThe present study reports the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties of silver trimolybdate (Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O) nanorods. The synthesis was performed using a conventional hydrothermal method. The sample was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The direct antibacterial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). To assess the ability of Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O nanorods to modulate antibacterial resistance, the MIC of aminoglycosides was established in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of this substance alone and associated with LED light exposure. The characterization of the sample indicated that the synthesis of silver trimolybdate generated nanometric crystals with rod-like morphology, without secondary phases. The treatment with Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O nanorods alone or combined with visible LED lights exhibited clinically relevant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This nanostructure presented a variable antibiotic-modulating action, which was not improved by visible LED light exposure. Nevertheless, LED lights showed promising antibiotic-enhancing activities in the absence of Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O nanorods. In conclusion, silver trimolybdate dihydrate nanorods have antibacterial properties that can be photocatalysed by visible-light exposure. While showing the potential use to combat antibacterial resistance, the simultaneous combination of silver trimolybdate, visible LED lights, and antibacterial drugs should be carefully analysed to avoid antagonist effects that could impair the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. © 2022 Maria Karollyna do Nascimento Silva Leandro et al
Prevalence of Syphilis Infections among the Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Syphilis is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a public health problem, but the literature describing the true burden of syphilis is limited. In Iran, there are no accurate results on the prevalence of syphilis. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis in Iran. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of Syphilis in Iran. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies as of Sep 13, 2020, in international and national databases. The results are presented in the form of forest plots and tables. Pooled prevalence and 95 confidence intervals were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird method. Perform subgroup analysis through population, gender, city, and diagnostic tests to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results: We reviewed 1,229 papers and reports, and extracted data from 15 eligible records. The prevalence of combined syphilis in Iran is 0.1 (95 confidence interval 95% CI 0.1-0.1%). The prevalence of syphilis was 0.4% in men (95% confidence interval 95% CI-0.3, 1%) and 0.6% in women (95% confidence interval 95% CI (0.1, 1%)). The cumulative meta-analysis showed a decline in the prevalence of syphilis between the years 1999 and 2015. Conclusion: The prevalence of syphilis in Iran is low. In the past few decades, the prevalence of syphilis across the country has declined. Syphilis infection is a small burden that needs to be revised in the implementation of high-cost screening programs. © 2022 Esmaeilzadeh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences
HLA-G in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: does it correlate with disease severity?
No full textBackground: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease wi th worl dwi de di stri buti on. Human l eukocyte anti gen G (HLA-G) is postulated to be associated with this inflammatory and autoimmune condition. However, its role has not been well established in the literature. The study aimed to evaluate the plasma level of HLA-G in PV patients and assess its correlation with disease severity and compare it with normal subjects. Methods: Thirty PV patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A blood sample was taken from each participant; samples were analyzed for the soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) plasma level by applying an ELISA kit (sHLA-G ELISA kit; Exbio, Czech Republic). Patients� clinical and demographic data were recorded and analyzed. Results: Higher levels of sHLA-G were seen in PV patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was a negative linear relationship between plasma HLA-G level and PV based on all ABSIS indices except for oral involvement (-1 < R < 0); however, these correlations were not statistically significant (P�0.05). Conclusion: Our data showed higher plasma sHLA-G levels in PV patients, which did not correlate with disease severity. © 2022 Iranian Society of Dermatology
Innovative targets of the lncRNA-miR-mRNA network in response to low-dose aspirin in breast cancer patients
No full textThis study aimed to investigate innovative targets in breast cancer patients by considering the interaction of the lncRNA-miR-mRNA network in response to low-dose aspirin. The candidate miRs were first taken from the GEO and TCGA databases. Then, the candidate network was constructed using the high-throughput sequencing data. The expression levels of candidate targets were finally measured using Real-Time PCR in luminal A breast cancer patients undergoing aspirin (80 mg daily for three months) and non-aspirin groups during chemotherapy after surgery. The expression levels of TGFβ, IL-17, IFNγ, and IL-β proteins were measured using the ELISA technique. 5 lncRNAs, 12 miRs, and 10 genes were obtained in the bioinformatic phase. A significant expression increase of the candidate tumor suppressor lncRNAs, miRs, and genes and a substantial expression decrease of the candidate onco-lncRNAs, oncomiRs, and oncogenes were achieved after the aspirin consumption. Unlike the non-aspirin group, the expression levels of TGFβ, IL-17, IFNγ, and IL-β proteins were significantly decreased following aspirin consumption. The Kaplan�Meier analysis indicated a longer overall survival rate in the patients after aspirin consumption. Our results showed that the lncRNA-miR-mRNA network might be a significant target for aspirin; their expression changes may be a new strategy with potential efficacy for cancer therapy or prevention. © 2022, The Author(s)
Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar denosumab candidate (Arylia) compared to the reference product (Prolia®) in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a phase III, randomized, two-armed, double-blind, parallel, active-controlled, and noninferiority clinical trial
No full textBackground/objective: Osteoporosis is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Denosumab is an antiresoptive agent that has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in osteoporotic patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar denosumab candidate (Arylia) to the originator product (Prolia®) in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority trial, postmenopausal osteoporotic patients received 60 mg of subcutaneous Arylia or Prolia® at months 0, 6, and 12 and were followed up for 18 months. The primary endpoint was the noninferiority of the biosimilar product to the reference product in the percentage change of bone mineral density (BMD) in 18 months at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip, and femoral neck. The secondary endpoints were safety assessment, the incidence of new vertebral fractures, and the trend of bone turnover markers (BTMs). Results: A total of 190 patients were randomized to receive either biosimilar (n = 95) or reference (n = 95) denosumab. In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the lower limits of the 95 two-sided confidence intervals of the difference between Arylia and Prolia® in increasing BMD were greater than the predetermined noninferiority margin of � 1.78 at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck sites (mean differences 95% CIs of 0.39 � 1.34 to 2.11, 0.04 � 1.61 to 1.69, and 0.41 � 1.58 to 2.40, respectively). The two products were also comparable in terms of safety, new vertebral fractures, and trend of BTMs. Conclusion: The efficacy of the biosimilar denosumab was shown to be noninferior to that of the reference denosumab, with a comparable safety profile at 18 months. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03293108; Registration date: 2017�09-19. © 2022, The Author(s)
Synergistic effects of BAY606583 on docetaxel in esophageal cancer through modulation of ERK1/2
No full textDocetaxel (DTX) is a taxane chemotherapy agent used to treat many types of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule that contributes to cancer cell proliferation via A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) activation. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in cell proliferation in various types of cancers. Stimulation of A2BAR involves a regulated ERK signaling pathway, and might provide a fascinating approach for treatment, leading to decreased proliferation in certain tumors that express A2BAR. Recent studies demonstrated that DTX and A2BAR have anticancer effects. The current study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of the A2BAR agonist (BAY606583) on DTX in inducing antiproliferation effects on esophageal squamous cells carcinoma (ESCCs). The cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cells. In addition, the synergistic effect of DTX on the A2BAR agonist was evaluated. Subsequently, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining, and Bcl-2, Bax, and ERK1/2 protein-level expressions were evaluated by Western blot. Use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX and BAY606583 significantly decreased cell proliferation in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cell lines. The use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist induced apoptosis in KYSE-30 and Ym-1 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the use of the A2BAR agonist and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist inhibited the expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins as well as the expression of ERK1/2 proteins. Our findings suggested that use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of BAY606583/DTX have an antiproliferative effect on ESCC cell lines through ERK signaling pathway inhibition. BAY606583 has a synergistic effect on DTX, which could be used as an adjuvant for esophageal cancer therapy. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Placental Size and Uterine Artery Doppler for Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Low Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
No full textBackground: Patients with a low level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) experience more placental disorders in the second trimester. Objectives: We aimed to assess UtA-Doppler and placental size to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in a woman with placental insufficiency and low PAPP-A. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, 83 singleton pregnant women with normal chromosomes and PAPP-A � 0.5 were examined at 11-13 + 6 weeks of gestation. All participants with PAPP-A � 0.5 were tested in the Nilo laboratory of Tehran from 2018 to 2019. The placental size and Doppler uterine artery were assessed at 18-20 weeks. Three cases were excluded due to abortion and aneuploidy. All participants were assigned to placenta lengths of < 10 cm and > 10 cm. All comparisons between two groups were assayed by the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, �2-test or Fisher exact test, and Logistic regression model. Results: Of 80 women, 48 (60) had placenta length of < 10 cm and 32(40) had placenta length of > 10 cm. Fourteen (17.5) were preterm (< 32 weeks), and 36(45) were IUGR. According to the logistic regression model, in participants with a placenta length of < 10 cm, the risk of IUGR was higher by 9-time than those with placenta length of > 10 cm (OR = 9, CI95 = 3.20-25.29). Also, the risk of preterm labor was 3.47 fold higher in the group with placenta length of < 10 cm, OR: 3.47;(CI95 = 1.27-9.44). Sensitivity of placenta length of < 10 cm for predicting IUGR was 75 (CI95 = 56.60-88.54). Conclusions: Placental length measurement in the second trimester can help predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with low PAPP-A. Placenta evaluation can assist in planning future pregnancy care to detect the pathology of fetal growth restriction. © 2022, Author(s)