Golestan University of Medical Sciences
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Targeting cancer stem cells by dietary agents: An important therapeutic strategy against human malignancies
No full textAs a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
The relationship between anger with general health in emergency personnel
No full textContext: The emergency staff work in stressful environments and deal with critically ill patients. The occupational nature of their work is such that they are always at risk of being exposed to work violence by patients or patient companions. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anger with general health in emergency personnel. Setting and Design: This was a correlational study that was done in prehospital emergency services and hospital emergency departments in Golestan province, in Iran in 2019. Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 400 of emergency personnel. Samples were selected through multistage sampling. The sampling design included stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and convenience sampling in the first, second, and third stage, respectively. Data were collected using demographic, Spielberger's anger, and general health questionnaires. Statistical Analysis Used: Description of sample under study presented using mean, standard deviation, and frequency. Assessment of associations was performed using Mann- Whitney and correlational analysis at significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean total score of anger of emergency personnel was 121.94 ± 14.66 and for the prehospital and hospital emergency personnel were 123.53 ± 14.08 and 119.38 ± 15.26, respectively (P = 0.002). The mean total score of general health was 12.40 ± 4.22 and for prehospital emergency and emergency personnel were 12.23 ± 4.18 and 12.67 ± 4.29, respectively (P = 0.75). There was a positive and significant correlation between all three dimensions of general health and all three dimensions of anger so that with increasing anger, general health decreased. Conclusion: Emergency personnel were in good general health while their anger score was above average. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between anger and mental health, so that by increasing the dimensions of anger expression, the general health of prehospital and hospital emergency staff was reduced. © 2021 Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Improved anticancer efficiency of Mitoxantrone by Curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeted with AS1411 aptamer
No full textObjective(s): Mitoxantrone (MTX) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of different cancers. However, prolonged treatment with MTX results in unwanted side effects and drug resistant cancer cells. Combination therapies and exploiting of targeted nanoparticles have the potential of improving the efficiency of drug treatment as well as reducing the side effects. Curcumin (CUR) is a biological molecules with anticancer property. In this study, we investigated whether targeted PLGA (Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)-CUR nanoparticles (NPs) can reinforce the effect of MTX on breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: PLGA NPs containing CUR targeted with AS1411 aptamer were prepared by single emulsion evaporation method. Physicochemical properties of NPs were investigated. The cytotoxicity of non-targeted and targeted NPs along with MTX was evaluated on MCF7, 4T1 and L929 cell lines. Results: The results showed that PLGA-CUR NPs were synthetized with an average encapsulation efficiency of 66 with a mean size of 18
The Features of Pathobiology and Clinical translation of Approved treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
No full textBackground: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most important etiological agent of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with millions of infections and deaths in the last two years worldwide. Several reasons and parameters are responsible for the difficult management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients; the first is virus behavioral factors such as high transmission rate, and the different molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain a matter of controversy, is another factor. Summary: In the present review, we attempted to explain about features of SARS-COV-2, particularly focusing on the various aspects of pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Key Messages: We note evidence for the understanding of the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which can help design the appropriate drug or vaccine. Additionally, and importantly, we reported the updated issues associated with the history and development of treatment strategies such as, drugs, vaccines, and other medications that have been approved or under consideration in clinics and markets worldwide. © 2021 The Author(s)
Antibacterial effect of matricaria chamomilla alcoholic extract against drug-resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa
No full textBackground: This study aimed to determine antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens. Materials & Methods: The plant samples were collected, and the flowers and leaves were separated and dried completely in the shade. After grinding, extraction was performed using the maceration method. The extracts of both flowers and leaves were dried at 37°C for 24 hrs. About 500 mg of the dried plant extract was dissolved in 10 mL of 5 dimethyl sulfoxide and sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane filter. For the antibacterial assay, agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used. Findings: No inhibitory effect was observed for both extracts against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates in agar well diffusion method. In broth microdilution method, the leaves extract showed inhibitory effect, and its MIC and MBC were determined at 12.5 and 25 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. The flowers extract showed antibacterial activity against most MRSA isolates. The extract of leaves demonstrated inhibitory effect on 7 MRSA isolates. The MIC and MBC of flowers extract were determined at concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL for most MRSA isolates, while MIC and MBC of leaves extract were 12.5 and 25 mg/mL for a few MRSA isolates, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the ethanolic extract of chamomile leaves showed antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa isolates; meanwhile, the flowers extract showed better activity against MRSA isolates. © 2021, TMU Press
From bowel inflammation to the bone and joints: musculoskeletal examination in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
No full textBackground: One of the most important complications in inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are musculoskeletal manifestations that are reported in more than 50 of patients. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal and radiologic manifestations in our IBD patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study on 96 mild-to-moderate IBD patients (76 UC, 18 CD and 2 undifferentiated IBD) with mean (SD) age of 39.28 (11.42) years, 44 (45.8) were males and 52 were (54.2) females. Patients were examined by an expert rheumatologist and their musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed. The musculoskeletal system was evaluated by Modified Schober test, Thoracic expansion (TE), Occiput to wall distance (OWD), and Patrick�s or FABER test. Peripheral joints were also examined in all four extremities. Then patients were referred for pelvic and lumbosacral x-ray. Sacroiliitis grading was performed using the New York criteria. Results: Inflammatory low back pain was reported in 5 (5.2), enthesopathy in 6 (6.5) and dactylitis in 1 (1.1). Positive Schober test was recorded in 5 (5.2) and Patrick test in 3 (3.1). Forty-nine (51) cases had normal imaging with no sacroiliitis, endplate sclerosis was seen in 33 cases (34.4), grade 3 and grade 4 were seen in 10 cases (10.4). Conclusions: In the present study, 34.4 of the IBD patients had mild radiologic changes as endplate sclerosis and 95 had a normal physical examination. © 2021, The Author(s)
Relationship between methadone maintenance therapy and frequency of drug-related crimes in Golestan Province
No full textBackground and purpose: In recent years, drug therapies have played an increasing role in management of drug-related crimes due to decrease in efficacy of other anti-crime methods. This study investigated the relationship between methadone maintenance therapy and frequency of drug-related crimes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 patients attending private addiction treatment centers who received agonist therapy in Kurdkuy and Gorgan in Golestan province, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and items on history of drug abuse, history of crimes, domestic violence and conflicts, divorce and remarriage, and work and employment. The questionnaires were completed at admission time and six months after initiation of methadone treatment through face to face interviews. Data analysis was done in SPSS V23. Results: The majority of patients were married (88), had low educational levels (75) and were Persian (88). The most commonly used narcotic drug was opium used oral or inhaled. There was a significant inverse relationship between methadone maintenance treatment and cases of crime and domestic violence and a significant direct relationship between the treatment and cases of divorce or remarriage, and work and employment before and after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Methadone maintenance treatment showed a significant effect on reducing social crime and domestic violence. Further researches are suggested to study other associated factors in larger number of patients while considering other variables such as improvement of behavioral disorders and related diseases in long-time follow-up investigations. © 2021, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Tension pneumothorax in patient with COVID-19 infection
No full textCorona-virus infection that arose from China is now a global pandemic. It presents with a variety of pulmonary manifestations, most commonly in the form of ground glass pulmonary lesions and opacities. Less common manifestation such as pnuemothorax has been reported by some authors. In this study we report a 56-year-old man with Corona-virus disease presenting with tension pneumothorax, a rare and life-threatening complication of Corona-virus infection that has not been reported previously. In our case, after insertion of thoracostomy tube, the patient's symptoms improved. After about 1 year of Corona-virus pandemic, it still presents with some rare pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, so, familiarity with these manifestations is important for a correct diagnosis and treatment. © 202
The role of telomerase and viruses interaction in cancer development, and telomerase-dependent therapeutic approaches
No full textHuman telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an enzyme that is critically involved in elongating and maintaining telomeres length to control cell life span and replicative potential. Telomerase activity is continuously expressed in human germ-line cells and most cancer cells, whereas it is suppressed in most somatic cells. In normal cells, by reducing telomerase activity and progressively shortening the telomeres, the cells progress to the senescence or apoptosis process. However, in cancer cells, telomere lengths remain constant due to telomerase's reactivation, and cells continue to proliferate and inhibit apoptosis, and ultimately lead to cancer development and human death due to metastasis. Studies demonstrated that several DNA and RNA oncoviruses could interact with telomerase by integrating their genome sequence within the host cell telomeres specifically. Through the activation of the hTERT promoter and lengthening the telomere, these cells contributes to cancer development. Since oncoviruses can activate telomerase and increase hTERT expression, there are several therapeutic strategies based on targeting the telomerase of cancer cells like telomerase-targeted peptide vaccines, hTERT-targeting dendritic cells (DCs), hTERT-targeting gene therapy, and hTERT-targeting CRISPR/Cas9 system that can overcome tumor-mediated toleration mechanisms and specifically apoptosis in cancer cells. This study reviews available data on the molecular structure of telomerase and the role of oncoviruses and telomerase interaction in cancer development and telomerase-dependent therapeutic approaches to conquest the cancer cells. © 2021 The Author(s
Generation of a heterozygous C-peptide-mCherry reporter human iPSC line (HMGUi001-A-8)
No full textThe peptide hormone insulin produced by pancreatic β-cells undergoes post-transcriptional processing before secretion. In particular, C-peptide is cleaved from pro-insulin to generate mature insulin. Here, we introduce a C-peptide-mCherry human iPSC line (HMGUi001-A-8). The line was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated heterozygous insertion of the mCherry sequence into exon 3 of the insulin locus. We demonstrate that the line is pluripotent and efficiently differentiates towards pancreatic β-like cells, which localize a red fluorescent C-peptide-mCherry fusion protein in insulin containing granules. Hence, the HMGUi001-A-8 line is a valuable resource to purify derived β-like cells and follow insulin-containing granules in real time. © 2020 The Author