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Effect of cusp reduction on fracture resistance in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite
No full textBackground and purpose: This study aimed at examining the effect of cusp coverage on fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with direct composite. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 84 sound extracted maxillary premolars were divided into three groups (n=28 per group). In all groups, root canal treatment was performed and access cavity preparation was designed as MO while preserving distal marginal ridge. In group I, buccal and palatal cusps were reduced and in group II, palatal cusps were reduced. No cusp reduction was done in group III. All teeth were restored with resin composite and underwent compressive load applied simultaneously to both cusps with an instant speed of 0.5 mm/min using an Instron machine. Data were analysed in SPSS V16. Results: The mean fracture resistances in groups I, II, and III were 3.4±1.06, 2.7±1, and 2.56±0.84 MPa, respectively. The mean effect of cusp coverage on resistance was significantly higher in group I compared to groups II and III (P�0.05). Fractures in the area of CEJ or a more coronal position (favourable) in groups I, II, and III were seen in 23 (82.1), 25 (89.3), and 27(96.4) cases, respectively, indicating no significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion: In direct composite restoration of endodontically treated premolars when a proximal surface is involved, higher fracture strength is achieved by MO/DO cavity preparation and both buccal and palatal cups reduction while preserving marginal ridge. © 2021, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Simultaneous disruption of circulating miR-21 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): Prospective diagnostic and prognostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
No full textBackground: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the most prominent type of esophageal cancer (EC) in developing countries encompasses a substantial contribution of cancer-related mortalities and morbidities. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the major subset of effector T cells against cancer. However, the microRNAs involved in the development and regulation of CTLs could be disrupted in cancers such as EC. Methods: Here, we evaluated the population of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17a-producing CD3+CD8+ T cells, their association with the circulating levels of miR-21 and miR-29b, and their diagnostic and/or prognostic (after 160 weeks of follow-up) utilities in 34 ESCC patients (12 newly diagnosed: ND, 24 under-treatment: UT) and 34 matched healthy donors. Results: The population of IL-10 and TGF-β-producing CTLs (CD8+ Tregs) were considerably expanded, in addition to the overexpression of miR-21 in both groups (ND and UT) of ESCC patients, while the frequency of Tc17 and CD8+ Treg cells increased only in UT patients. The expression means of TGF-β and IL-10 in CTLs were considered to be excellent biomarkers (1 � area under the curve: AUC �0.9) in distinguishing ESCC patients and associated subgroups from healthy subjects. Moreover, the lower expressions of TGF-β, IL-17a, IL-10, and IFN-γ in CTLs were associated with ESCC better prognosis. Conclusions: The association between the impaired function of CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets and miR-21 expression could be introduced as novel therapeutic targets and powerful diagnostic and prognostic markers for ESCC. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Role of Physicochemical Factors on the E±cacy and Safety of Lipid-Based Nanosystems as Potential Drug Carriers
No full textThe e±cacy and safety are two challenging factors before trusting the lipid-based Nanosystems (LBNs) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the accessible in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the contribution of major physicochemical factors of LBNs for the e®ective and safe delivery of drugs and anticancer agents into the target site. These factors included lipid charge, particle size and size distribution, lipid composition and components, surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and surface coating. Here, reliable databases were searched for full-text, accessible and original articles to conduct this review. We included relevant studies since 1992, which were conducted on the development of LBNs for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Many studies have shown that using polyethylene glycol modi¯cation reduces the undesirable side e®ects and controls the e±cacy and toxicity for in-vitro and in-vivo delivery of drugs or anticancer agents. Also, optimization of the size and composition of lipid nanoparticles minimizes the toxicity of the anticancer agents associated with a carrier. In addition, the presence of positively charged lipids in LBNs improves the e±cacy of encapsulated drugs in spite of low blood circulation e±ciency and high toxicity e®ects. The identi¯cation of important factors involved in the delivery of LBNs as potential drug carriers is crucial and contributes to the proper design of these interesting carriers for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. All rights reserved
EFFECT of DIFFERENT DOSES of METFORMIN TABLETS on METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENETS in WOMEN with TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS in GORGAN (SOUTH EAST of CASPIAN SEA) تأث زÙ� اÙ�جزعات اÙ�٠ختÙ�Ù�Ø© Ù Ù� Ø£Ù�زاص اÙ�٠تÙ�Ù�Ù�ر٠Ù�Ù� عÙ�Ù� Ù Ù�Ù�Ù�ات ٠تÙ�اس٠ة اÙ�ت٠ث Ù�Ù� اÙ�غذائ Ù�دÙ� اÙ�Ù�ساء اÙ�٠صابات بداء اÙ�سÙ�ز Ù Ù� اÙ�Ù�Ù�ع 2 Ù� جزجاÙ� (جÙ�Ù�ب شزÙ� (بØز Ù�Ø´Ù� Ù�Ù�
No full textStudies on oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs have been shown in some studies to help and treat type 2 diabetic patients. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of different doses of metformin tablets on metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic women in Gorgan, South East of Caspian Sea.Forty type 2 diabetic patients received 500 mg/day and 1000 mg/day metformin tablets for 12 months and forty healthy women were included in this study. The ATP III criteria were used to determine metabolic syndrome components, and lipid profiles, HbA1c and insulin were measured. Significant differences were found between blood sugar, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin of the patients received 500 mg/day and 1000 mg/day metformin monotherapy. The blood sugar, triglycerides and insulin were significantly lower in patients received 500 and 1000 mg/day metformin than control groups. In both groups, HDL-cholesterol was higher than control groups, but HbA1c was significantly higher and lower in patients received 500 and 1000 mg/day metformin than control groups, respectively. In both study groups, positive significant correlation was found between blood glucose and HbA1c and, blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Our study showed the efficacy of the 1000 mg/day metformin monotherapy on better control of blood sugar, HbA1c, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels, but Metformin had no effect on waist circumference and blood pressure. Treatment with this dose of metformin may be more beneficial for type 2 diabetic patients than those other doses. © 2021 Assiut University. All rights reserved
Prevalence of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the Oral Cavity Biopsies in Northern Iran
No full textObjective: Infection with human tumor viruses is one of the hypothesized causes of cancer. The current investigation aimed to explore the presence and quantitative analysis of a new human tumor virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)in tissue samples of 114 patients with oral cavity lesions including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral lichenplanus (OLP), Dysplasia and oral irritation fibroma (OIF) in Northern Iran. Methods: From 114 formalin fixed paraffinembedded samples; 35 with SCC, 29 with OLP, 14 with dysplasia and 36 with OIF were cut, deparaffinized and DNAwas extracted. Quantitative detection of MCPyV large T antigen was performed by absolute quantitative Real-TimePCR. Result: MCPyV DNA was detected in 30.6 (n: 11/36) of IF, 24.1 (n; 7/29) of OLP, 21.4 (n:3/14) of dysplasiaand 20 (n;7/35) of OSCC samples. The mean MCPyV DNA copy number was 2.32�10�2 ± 3.97 �10�2, 2.02�10�2(SD=3.13�10�2), 2.69�10�4(SD=2.51�10�4), and 2.56�10�4 (SD=6.73�10�4) per cell in OSCC, dysplasia and both ofOLP and OIF samples, respectively (P=0.76). Conclusion: This study provides the first data from Iran regarding thepresence of MCPyV genome in oral cavity lesions and oral cancer. These results also emphasize that MCPyV has anactive role in the occurrence of oral lesions and progression to cancer. Further studies should be carried out to clarifythe role of MCPyV in oral cavity lesions © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Licens
An Efficient Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Versus Current Experimental Models: Effects of Fructose, Fat, and Carbon Tetrachloride on NAFLD
No full textBackground: Accumulation of fat in the liver is one of the causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects about 30 of the world�s population. Animal models have been useful tools for investigating the mechanisms involved in the etiology of NAFLD and developing new drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to present a new model for the detection of NAFLD in rats. Methods: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: (1) control; (2) 45 fructose + 35 olive oil + carbon tetrachloride (FFC1); (3) carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (C1); (4) carbon tetrachloride (1: 6 in olive oil) (C2); (5) 12.5 fructose + 12.5 olive oil (FF); and (6) 20 fructose + carbon tetrachloride (1: 4 in olive oil) (FC1). Blood samples were taken in three steps, and liver tissue was dissected at the end of the sixth week for histopathological assessments. Results: After six weeks, the alanine transaminase (131.63 ± 1.51), aspartate transaminase (275 ± 1.0), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (4.30 ± 0.1) levels increased significantly in the C1 group (P < 0.05). The serum lipid profile showed significant changes in all groups compared to the controls (P < 0.01). According to the histological results, all experimental groups, except the C2 group, showed symptoms of NAFLD; nevertheless, a higher NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) was found in the C1 group, followed by the FC1 group, compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The present results revealed that injection of 0.1 mL/kg of carbon tetrachloride (C1 group), alone or along with a diet containing 20 fructose (FC1 group), provided useful animal models of NAFLD, although carbon tetrachloride injection alone is the most effective model in inducing NAFLD model that can be used as a new strategy in nutritional and pharmacological studies. © 2021, Author(s)
Refer to Human exposure to trace metals and arsenic via consumption of fish from river Chenab, Pakistan and associated health risks by Alamdar et al. (2017)
No full textA comprehensive spectroscopic, solvatochromic and photochemical analysis of 5-hydroxyquinoline and 8-hydroxyquinoline mono-azo dyes
No full textA series of novel substituted-azo dyes 8-(aryldiazenyl)quinolin-5-ol (5a-i) were synthesized by the coupling reaction of 5-hydroxyquinoline with diazotized aniline derivatives in the presence of NaNO2 in HCl/H2O mixture. The study of the spectroscopic and solvatochromic properties were performed by FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR and UV-Visible spectroscopies. The tautomerism of these dyes was studied using the deuteration technique and solvatochromic measurements. Photochromic properties of these 5-hydroxyquinoline azo dyes were also examined via E/Z and Z/E photochemical isomerization reactions and compared with the existing 8-hydroxyquinoline analogous. The novel substituted-azo dyes exhibited higher Z/E thermal isomerization rates and have larger absorbance wavelength range than their 8-hydroxyquinoline analogous, making them potential molecular switches. © 2020 Elsevier B.V
Havachoobe (Onosma dichroanthum Boiss) Root Extract Decreases the Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Secretion in the PLC/PRF/5 Cell Line
No full textBackground: Many efforts are currently focused on functional treatment of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This can be done by suppressing the secretion of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Scientific communities are very interested in natural products in that respect. Objective: Use of root extract of Havachoobe (Onosma dichroanthum BoissI), a Northern Iranian native medical herb, for assessment of its anti-HBsAg secretion activity. Methods: Havachoobe had been bought at a nearby apothecary store. Plant root extract was obtained using a hydroalcoholic process. Cytotoxic activity of the extract was examined on PLC/PRF/5 cells using MTT assay. ELISA has been used to measure HBsAg in the treated cell line supernatants. In addition, real-time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of HBsAg before and after treatment of Onosma in vitro. Results: The results showed very low root extract cytotoxicity at concentrations under 8 μg/mL. Tissue culture infectious dose 50 was obtained at 63.78 μg/mL. In a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, a significantly reduced HBsAg secretion was observed at a concentration of 8 ppm at 12 h post-treatment. The real-time PCR result showed relative decreased HBsAg expression at all doses at 12 h post-treatment time. Discussion: In this study, we first reported anti-HBsAg activity on an Iranian herbal medicine. Havachoobe root extract was shown to be able to inhibit HBsAg in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. We find the extract exerts its inhibitory effect of HBsAg by targeting transcription of HBsAg. © 2021 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved