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Prevalence of leishmania major yakimoff and schokhor (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in sandflies in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textCutaneous leishmaniasis is an important parasitic and vector-borne disease in Iran and can be transmitted to humans and animals through bites of infected female sand flies. The present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of Leishmania major in sand flies in Iran. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in the present study, so that databases, namely PubMed, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, ProQuest, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, and Scopus as well as IranDoc, SID, Elmnet, and Magiran were searched for finding Persian articles. Inclusion criteria of study contained the study in Iran and investigation of L. major parasite in sand flies. The quality of studies was examined by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for studies that reported prevalence data; and the data were analyzed by Stata 14 software. In total, 42 studies were evaluated, all of which had investigated the infection of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli (Diptera: Psychodidae). The infection of Phlebotomus caucasicus group was investigated in 13 studies, Phlebotomus ansarii Lewis in four studies, Phlebotomus salehi Mesghali and Rashti in five studies, and the infection of other species of sandflies in seven studies. According to the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of Ph. papatasi, Ph. caucasicus group, Ph. salehi, and Ph. ansarii were equal to 2.4, 6.2, 1.6, and 9.2, respectively, with 95 confidence interval. According to reports of different rates of sand fly infection in different regions, all studies should have certain and standard forms and formats to determine the pooled prevalence of sand fly infection. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved
Usefulness of Doppler ultrasound for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus
No full textPurpose: Early diagnosis and management of diabetic nephropathy (DN) might prevent or delay its progression to end-stage renal disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in the duplex Doppler resistivity index (RI) are useful for the early identification of renal involvement in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and associated conditions. Materials and methods: A total of 49 diabetic patients (two groups: 21 with DN and 28 without DN) were included in this study. DN was defined as 30�300 mg/l of albumin excretion in a random urine sample. The RI of the main renal arteries and their intrarenal branches (arcuate, interlobar) were evaluated with duplex Doppler ultrasound and correlated with age, renal length, duration of diabetes, and laboratory examinations. Results: The mean age did not significantly differ between the two groups. The patients with DN had a significantly longer duration of type 1 diabetes (p = 0.02). The majority of patients (90.5) had mild renal involvement with microalbuminuria and normal renal function. The mean RI was normal in both groups of patients, with no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The RI did not increase in the early clinical stage of DN and was not a reliable marker for the screening of DN in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. © 2021, Società Italiana di Ultrasonologia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB)
Evaluation of type ii toxin-antitoxin systems, antibiotic resistance pro-files, and biofilm quorum sensing genes in acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Iraq
No full textBackground: Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TAs) systems are extensive two-component el-ements in the bacterial genome, which are involved in many key biological functions, including growth arrest, survival, biofilm formation, plasmid maintenance, defense against phages, persis-tence, and virulence. Aim: This study aimed to assess the molecular determinants involved in TAs, biofilm quorum sens-ing, and antibiotic resistance profiles in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad�s hospitals in Iraq. Methods: A total of 127 A. baumannii isolates were collected from 2160 different clinical samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion test. All isolates were characterized for molecular determinants involved in TAs and biofilm formation using the well--known PCR-based sequencing assay. Results: A high multi-drug resistant (MDR) (96.06; 122/127) and imipenem resistance (84.25; 107/127) rates were observed from A.baumannii isolates. Results showed the presence of rhlIR gene in three isolates (2.36), and lasIR gene appeared in two isolates (1.57) isolates, whilst, mazEF, ccdAB, and relBE genes have not been detected among any of the isolates. Conclusion: A high MDR and imipenem resistance rates within a low prevalence of rhlIR, and lasIR genes could be found in clinical A. baumannii isolates from some of the Iraqi hospitals. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers
Temporal and geographical trends of incidence of thyroid cancer in Golestan, Iran, 2004-2013
No full textBackground: Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer. We aimed to determine the incidence rates of thyroid cancer across a 10-year period (2004-2013) in Golestan, Iran. Methods: We obtained the thyroid cancer data from Golestan Population-Based Cancer Registry (GPCR). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated and reported per 100 000 person-years. The Joinpoint software was used to assess time trends, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and their corresponding 95 confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results: Of 326 registered patients, 83 (25.5) were men and 243 (74.5) were women. The mean age was 51.3 and 42.6 years for males and females, respectively. Overall, the ASR of thyroid cancer was 2.2 per 100 000 person-year (AAPC = 2.76; 95 CI: -3.68 to 9.64). The test of co-incidence showed a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between men (1.3) and women (3.2) (P < 0.001). According to our results, the ASR of thyroid cancer in western parts of Golestan is higher, including Gorgan and Aliabad cities. Conclusion: Increasing trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer were found in the Golestan province during the study period, especially in women. We found significantly higher rates of thyroid cancer in women. Geographical diversities were seen in incidence rates of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province. Our results may be helpful for designing further researches to investigate the epidemiological aspects of thyroid cancer in the Golestan province. © 2021 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved
The effect of oral melatonin supplementation on MT-ATP6 gene expression and IVF outcomes in Iranian infertile couples: a nonrandomized controlled trial
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production (MT-ATP6) gene expression in Iranian infertile couples. A single-blind nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted, recruiting 90 infertile couples who underwent IVF at an infertility center in Tehran, Iran. Patients who were assigned to the intervention group received melatonin as a supplementation to the standard controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The control group received a COS protocol only. Primary outcome was the mRNA level of the MT-ATP6 gene in cumulus cells of ovarian follicles. Secondary outcomes were the mean number of mature oocytes retrieved, the embryo quality, and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates. The mRNA level of the MT-ATP6 gene in cumulus cells between intervention and control groups was not statistically different (0.931 vs.1; P � 0.05). The mean number of poor-quality embryos was significantly lower in the intervention group than that in the control group (0.27 vs. 0.80; P = 0.028). The biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in the intervention group (24 vs. 14, P = 0.089, and 14 vs. 7, P = 0.302, respectively); however, the difference was not significant. Melatonin supplementation did not increase the odds of clinical pregnancy and the number of mature oocytes retrieved, but significantly reduced the number of low-quality embryos. More extensive studies focusing on the level of MT-ATP6 gene expression in the oocyte or blastomere cells may further elucidate the effect of supplementation with melatonin in infertile couples who have poor clinical outcomes. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials: IRCT2015042912307N4. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Diversity of geophilic dermatophytes species in the soils of iran; the significant preponderance of nannizzia fulva
No full textA molecular epidemiology study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 by a network of collaborators from 12 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 1484 soil samples from different habitats were screened for the presence of dermatophytes by using the hair baiting technique. The primary identification of isolates was carried out by amplification and MvaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA). The identifications, especially in the cases of isolates with unknown RFLP patterns, were confirmed by sequencing of the ITS-rDNA region. As a result, 256 isolates were recovered. The isolation rate was higher in soils with pH range 7.1�8.0, collected from animal habitats (n = 78; 34) and parks and gardens (n = 75; 32), geographically from Mazandaran Province (n = 115; 49.5) and seasonally in the spring (n = 129; 50.4), all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The dermatophytes comprising five species of the two genera, viz., Nannizzia fulva (n = 214), N. gypsea (n = 34), Arthroderma quadrifidum (n = 5), A. gertleri (n = 2) and A. tuberculatum (n = 1), were isolated. The geophilic dermatophytes occurred in various soils from different parts of Iran; however, surprisingly, N. fulva emerged as the dominant species, outnumbering the common geophilic species of N. gypsea. For the definitive identification of soil inhabitant dermatophytes, DNA-based identification is strongly recommended. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Penicillamine functionalized B12N12 and B12CaN12 nanocages act as potential inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines: A combined DFT analysis, ADMET and molecular docking study
No full textThe adsorption of penicillamine (PCA) on pure B12N12 and B12CaN12 nanocages in aqueous and chloroform solvents has been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interaction of PCA on B12N12 nanocages is chemisorption through its four nucleophilic sites: amine, carbonyl, hydroxyl and thiol. The most stable adsorption configuration was achieved when zwitterionic PCA adsorbs via its carbonyl group in water with value of �1.723 eV, in contrast, when neutral PCA adsorbs via its amine group in chloroform with value of �1.68 eV. Intercalated calcium ion within B12N12 nanocage (B12CaN12) was shown to attract PCA onto nanocage surface, resulting in higher solubility and adsorption energy after their complexation in water and chloroform. The adsorption of multiple PCA molecules from their amine and carbonyl groups on pure and B12CaN12 nanocages were also evaluated where two and three molecules can be chemisorbed on boron atoms of the nanocage surfaces with the adsorption energy per PCA reduces slightly with the increasing the amount of drugs due to the curvature effects. Molecular docking study indicates that PCA from its NH2 group on B12CaN12 nanocage has the best binding affinity and inhibition potential of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors as compared with the other adsorption systems. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis displayed that the chosen compounds pass Lipinski Rule and have appropriate pharmacokinetic features suitable as models for developing anti-inflammatory agents. © 2021 The Author(s
Trend and epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Golestan province (Northern Iran) between 2017 and 2020
No full textBackground Rabies is one of the oldest zoonosis viral diseases, which still remains as one of the most important threats to public health in the 21st century. Methods This cross-sectional study examined epidemiologic features of all 33,996 cases of persons bitten by animals and referred to the rabies prophylaxis centers in Golestan province between March 2017 and March 2020. Factors included demographic information of the victim (age, gender, and occupation), type of invasive animals (dog, cat, and other types), time of bite (year, month, and hour), place of residence (urban or rural), and injury and treatment statuses. We also obtained national and provincial animal bite incidence data for all of Iran and for Golestan province for the longer interval 2013-2020 to examine broader time trends. We used SPSS version 19, QGIS version 3.1, and Excel 2013 to generate frequency distributions and descriptive statistics. Results The incidence rates of animal bites in Golestan province and Iran as a whole both increased smoothly. The latest incidence rate of animal bites in Golestan was 652 per 100,000 people, almost three times the overall national figure for 2020. Most cases of animal bites (67.6) occurred in rural areas, and 36 of the victims aged under 19 years old. Dog and cat bites accounted for the great majority of cases (89 and 8, respectively). The highest rate of animal bites was reported in the spring (30.8). The lower limb was the most commonly bitten area in these individuals (64.6). Of note, 87 of the cases received incomplete prophylactic post-exposure treatment, and 18 received immunoglobulin. Conclusion The increasing rates of animal bites in the study area as well as the higher rate compared to the national average indicates the need for further review of animal bite control programs. © 2021 Bay et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Effects of administration of simvastatin on the threshold of thermal pain tolerance in adult male rats with HFD
No full textBackground: Increased consumption of high-fat diets has become a global health problem. Obesity by result of various endocrine changes and release of inflammatory cytokines that may contribute to the pathogenesis of pain. Simvastatin is a statin that inhibits the 3-hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and has anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the antinociceptive activity of simvastatin following the use of high-fat diet in Male rats. Methods and materials: Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into six groups: control, high-fat diet, high-fat diet treated with 2 and 20 mg/Kg simvastatin and normal diet treated with 2 and 20 mg/kg simvastatin. Rats were maintained on a high-fat or normal diet for 45 days. Simvastatin was daily given through gavage from two weeks after starting of the study and continued for 30 days. Hot plate and blood biochemistry tests were performed to evaluate the threshold of thermal pain t tolerance. Results: Total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride, and body weight in the group that maintained a high fat diet was significantly higher compared with the other groups, especially the control group. But serum TNF-α and IL-6 were not found in a detectable production in all groups. High fat diet significantly reduced thermal pain reaction time. Simvastatin administration significantly decreased thermal hyperalgesia. Conclusion: The results indicate that simvastatin administration is a suitable way for reducing heat hyperalgesia following use of a high fat diet, but there is need to do further research. © 2021 Assiut University. All rights reserved
Ionic gelation synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies of cross-linked chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles for removal of As (V) ions from aqueous solution: kinetic and isotherm studies
No full textThe CS-TPP nanoparticles were synthesized and their efficiency for removal of arsenic (V) ions at the optimum conditions was investigated. The optimum conditions for CS-TPP nanoparticles were obtained with the mass ratio of tripolyphosphate to chitosan of 1: 2 and pH = 5.0. The experimental data for the adsorption of As (V) ions followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 77 mg/g at pH = 6.0. All isotherm experiments were performed at room temperature (25 °C). The crosslinking of sodium tripolyphosphate with the chitosan led to a decrease in crystallinity of the formed particles which then resulted in an improvement in metal ion sorption properties. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group