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A Study of Clinical Justice in the Experiences of Patients, Nurses, and Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
No full textIntroduction: Reducing healthcare injustice is a moral imperative. People's benefits from these rights differ dramatically from one place to another. Understanding justice in medical care services has created many problems due to ambiguities. The present study aimed to explain the experiences and perspectives of nurses, patients, and nursing students about clinical justice. Methods: This study was a qualitative one based on conventional content analysis. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect data. Interviews were conducted with clinical nurses, nursing students, and hospitalized patients in hospitals of Behshahr (Mazandaran province). Purposive sampling was used and the interviews continued until data saturation was reached, and finally 73 (19 nursing students, 29 clinical nurses, and 25 hospitalized patients) participants entered the study. Interviews were recorded, and handwritten and then were coded and categorized based on conventional content analysis and themes were extracted. Results: The analysis of data revealed four main themes including �equal treatment�, �good manners�, �care and attention�, and �clinical competence� and 9 subthemes including �ethnic discrimination�, �socioeconomic discrimination�, �unaccompanied patients�, �forgiveness�, �respect�, �attention to patients� needs/problems�, �allocation of sufficient time�, �ability to prioritize� and �theoretical and practical competence�. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that by equal treatment, avoiding ethnic and socioeconomic discrimination, paying attention to the patients' needs and treating them well, and enhancing the level of theoretical and practical skills, it is possible to help create justice in patient care. © 2021 The Author(s)
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups from 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textImportance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95 uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95 UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95 UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3 (95 UI, 20.3-32.3) increase in new cases, a 20.9 (95 UI, 14.2-27.6) increase in deaths, and a 16.0 (95 UI, 9.3-22.8) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4 (1.1-1.8) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7 (4.2-7.1) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
Assessment of Zinc Nanoparticle Effect and Expression of Zinc Uptake Gene in Drug Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii Strain FMHLN5
No full textBackground: Drug resistance bacteria pose an increasing threat to public health. Antimicrobial agents often lack efficacy toward recently developed drug resistance bacteria. Nanoparticles are one of the most effective treatment agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of zinc uptake regulator gene with zinc nanoparticle stress in drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain FMHLN5. Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility technique was evaluated through disk diffusion methods. ZnO nanopar-ticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using an acetate precursor-based sol-gel route. In vitro, the FMHLN5 strain susceptibility to ZnO-NPs has been tested by the agar wells diffusion method, using varying sizes (20 to 520 nm) of ZnO NPs. The purities and sizes of Nano-ZnO was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The expression of the zinc-uptake gene was investigated through the qRT-PCR technique. Results: The results revealed that the ZnO NPs against clinical FMHLN5 strain were useful at different sizes. The expression of the zinc-uptake gene was observed. Conclusions: The effect of ZnO NPs was strong, as reflected by inhibition zones at different sizes. Thus, ZnO NPs potentially induced bactericidal effect for fighting FMHLN5 strain. © 2021 Verlag Klinisches Labor GmbH. All rights reserved
Heavy metal pollution promotes antibiotic resistance potential in the aquatic environment
No full textWater pollution is one of the main challenges and water crises, which has caused the existing water resources to be unusable due to contamination. To understand the determinants of the distribution and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), we examined the distribution of 22 ARGs in relation to habitat type, heavy metal pollution and antibiotics concentration across six lakes and wetlands of Iran. The concentration of 13 heavy metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) by Thermo Electron Corporation, and five antibiotics by online enrichment and triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS were investigated. We further performed a global meta-analysis to evaluate the distribution of ARGs across global lakes compared with our studied lakes. While habitat type effect was negligible, we found a strong correlation between waste discharge into the lakes and the abundance of ARGs. The ARGs abundance showed stronger correlation with the concentration of heavy metals, such as Vanadium, than with that of antibiotics. Our meta-analysis also confirmed that overuse of antibiotics and discharge of heavy metals in the studied lakes. These data point to an increase in the distribution of ARGs among bacteria and their increasing resistance to various antibiotics, implying the susceptibility of aquatic environment to industrial pollution. © 2021 Elsevier Lt
Lived experiences of patients with covid-19 infection: A phenomenology study
No full textAim To describe experiences of patients with COVID-19 infec-tion. Methods This qualitative research was conducted using a phenomenological approach, and participants were selected via purpo-sive sampling. In total, 14 patients with COVID-19 were selected (nine women and five men) aged 20-60 years. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with open questions and through observa-tion. Data analysis was performed using Colizzi's phenomenological approach. Results Three themes and nine categories were extracted; the main themes were mental strains, physical manifestations, and coping mechanisms. Mental strains entailed concerns, fears and isolation, on the other hand, physical manifestations comprised nervous, respiratory and gastrointestinal system, and systemic dis-orders. Coping mechanisms included religiosity and home reme-dies categories. Conclusion Mental strains were the most important issues in the patients with COVID-19, which were interwoven with concerning physical manifestations. Most of the participants used self-medi-cation and spiritual resources to cope with the disease. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out proper planning by healthcare per-sonnel to psychologically and spiritually support these patients, while alleviating physical manifestations of the disease. © 2021, Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton. All rights reserved
COVID-19: Why does disease severity vary among individuals?
No full textThe novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the current pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While all people are susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the nature and severity of the disease vary significantly among individuals and populations. Importantly, reported disease burdens and case fatality rates differ considerably from country to country. There are, however, still uncertainties about the severity of the disease among individuals or the reason behind a more severe disease in some cases. There is a strong possibility that the severity of this disease depends on a complicated interaction between the host, virus, and environment, which leads to different clinical outcomes. The objective of this article is to point out the essential influential factors related to the host, virus, and environment affecting the clinical outcome of COVID-19. © 2021 Elsevier Lt
Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials
No full textBackground: Soy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Thus, the present study sought to discern the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure. Methods: The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to ascertain studies investigating the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure in adults, published up to June 2020. A random-effects model was applied to pool mean difference and 95 confidence interval (CI). Begg's and Egger's methods were conducted to assess publication bias. Results: Pooled effects from 17 effect sizes revealed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (�1.70; �3.34 to �0.06 mmHg; I2 = 45.4 ) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (�1.27; �2.36 to �0.19 mmHg, I2 = 43.9 ) following soy consumption, in comparison with controls. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reduction in both SBP and DBP in younger participants with lower baseline DBP and intervention durations of <16 weeks. Conclusion: Our results suggest that soy intake is associated with an ameliorating effect on blood pressure in adults. © 202
Anti-biofouling assembly strategies for protein & cell repellent surfaces: a mini-review
No full textThe protein/cell interactions with the surface at the blood-biomaterial interface generally control the efficiency of biomedical devices. A wide range of active processes and slow kinetics occur simultaneously with many biomaterials in healthcare applications, leading to multiple biological reactions and reduced clinical functions. In this work, we present a brief review of studies as the interface between proteins and biomaterials. These include mechanisms of resistance to proteins, protein-rejecting polyelectrolyte multilayers, and coatings of hydrophilic, polysaccharide and phospholipid nature. The mechanisms required to attain surfaces that resist adhesion include steric exclusion, water-related effects, and volume effects. Also, approaches in the use of hydrophilic, highly hydrated, and electrically neutral coatings have demonstrated a good ability to decrease cell adhesion. Moreover, amongst the available methods, the approach of layer-by-layer deposition has been known as an interesting process to manipulate protein and cell adhesion behavior. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
The impact of the phytotherapeutic agent quercetin on expression of genes and activity of signaling pathways
No full textQuercetin is a flavonoid existing in different herbs, fruits, seeds, nuts and tea. It has beneficial effects on human health through mediating antioxidant activities, immune-modulatory impacts and regulating metabolic pathways. These effects are most probably induced through modulation of activity of signaling pathways and expression of genes. Several in vitro studies have verified anti-proliferative effects of quercetin and its effect on expression of apoptotic genes and cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, through modulation of a number of proteins such as NF-kB, PARP, STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2, COX2, and cytokines, quercetin has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders, liver diseases and diabetes. PI3K/AKT is the mostly linked pathway with beneficial effects of quercetin. In the current manuscript, we explain the impact of quercetin on expression of genes and function of cellular signaling cascades in different contexts. © 2021 The Author