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SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses: Strategies to cope with coinfection and bioinformatics perspective
No full textAlmost a century after the devastating pandemic of the Spanish flu, humankind is facing the relatively comparable global outbreak of COVID-19. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with an unprecedented transmission pattern. In the face of the recent repercussions of COVID-19, many have argued that the clinical experience with influenza through the last century may have tremendous implications in the containment of this newly emerged viral disease. During the last 2 years, from the emergence of COVID-19, tremendous advances have been made in diagnosing and treating coinfections. Several approved vaccines are available now for the primary prevention of COVID-19 and specific treatments exist to alleviate symptoms. The present review article aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus coinfection while delivering a bioinformatics-based insight into this subject matter. © 2022 International Federation for Cell Biology
Mothers' Experiences of Husband's Involvement in Maternal Fetal Attachment: A Qualitative Study
No full textBackground: The involvement of husbands during pregnancy within the Iranian culture is one of the challenging topics. In this context, efforts to encourage male involvement in the maternal health issues can strengthen family bonds and consequently improve the relationships between men and women in societies. Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the involvement of husbands in maternal-fetal attachment (MFA). Methods: Using a qualitative approach and conventional content analysis, 11 pregnant women referring to the health care centers in Sari, Iran were interviewed from March 2020 to February 2021. The participants met the maximum diversity criteria in terms of age, level of education, occupation, and socioeconomic status. Deep and unstructured interviews were utilized to obtain the research data. All the interviews were then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Graneheim and Lundman in MAXQDA Software. Results: A total of 350 codes emerged from the data. We identified a main theme entitled 'husband support', which included four categories and 11 sub-categories. The main categories were: (1) empathic response, (2) emotional support, (3) continued support, and (4) attention to fetus. Conclusions: Interventions to enhance husband support could increaseMFA. Planning to promotemale participation in pregnancy process is essential to promote maternal and child health. Copyright © 2022, Author(s)
Ribosome Profiling: A Useful Approach to Discover Hidden Corners of SARS-CoV-2
No full textFollowing SARS-CoV-2 China epidemic in the December 2019, researches have attended to the genome of novel coronavirus. Hidden corners of SARS-CoV-2, maybe a shiny way to discover its pathogenicity and virulence. To design therapeutic agents, it is critical to map the complete repertoire of viral-translated proteins. Ribosome profiling is considered as a snapshot of all active ribosomes in a cell at a specific time point. © 2022 Royan Institute (ACECR). All rights reserved
Partial sequence conservation of SARS-CoV-2 NSP-2, NSP-12, and Spike in stool samples from Abadan, Iran
No full textSince the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the clinical manifestations of the virus have undergone many changes. Recently, there have been many reports on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients. This study is aimed to perform a detailed phylogenetic study and assessment of different SNVs in the RNA genome of viruses isolated from fecal samples of patients with COVID-19 who have gastrointestinal symptoms, which can help better understand viral pathogenesis. In the present study, 20 fecal samples were collected by written consent from COVID-19 patients. According to the manufacturer's protocol, virus nucleic acid was extracted from stool samples and the SARS-CoV-2 genome presence in stool samples was confirmed by RT�PCR assay. Three viral genes, S, nsp12, and nsp2, were amplified using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT�PCR) method and specific primers. Multiple sequencing alignment (MSA) was performed in the CLC word bench, and a phylogenetic tree was generated by MEGA X based on the neighbor-joining method. Of all cases, 11 (55) were males. The mean age of the patients was 33.6 years. Diabetes (70) and blood pressure (55) were the most prevalent comorbidities. All 20 patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in respiratory samples. Molecular analysis investigation among 20 stool samples revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome was found among 10 stool samples; only three samples were used for sequencing. The polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis in SARS-CoV-2 showed great similarity among all of the evaluated genes with the Wuhan reference sequence and all of the current variants of concern (VOCs). The current study represents a great similarity in polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 isolates with the Wuhan reference sequence and all of the current VOC in the particular evaluated partial sequences of S, nsp12, and nsp2. © 2022 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc
Investigation of chronic diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A hospital-based case-control study
No full textBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term that refers to a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that have an unknown origin and might be associated with other diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of chronic diseases in patients with IBD. Methods: In this case-control study, 280 patients with IBD were compared with 280 healthy individuals, frequency-matched by age, sex, place of residence and marital status. Random sampling was performed in patients that referred to the internal medicine and gastroenterology wards of hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist for chronic diseases, which were completed through interviews with the case and control groups. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine (81.78) patients with IBD had at least one chronic disease. Patients with IBD were at increased risks of rheumatoid arthritis (OR= 4.48, 95CI: 1.48, 13.54, P= 0.008), eye diseases (OR= 3.49, 95CI: 1.68, 7.28, P= 0.001), liver diseases (OR= 2.74, 95CI: 1.40, 5.34, P= 0.003), anemia (OR = 2.53, 95CI: 1.56, 4.13, P= 0.000), depression (OR= 2.43, 95CI: 1.58, 3.74, P= 0.000), skin diseases (OR= 2.36, 95CI: 1.18, 4.74, P= 0.015) and hypertension (OR= 1.77, 95CI: 1.06, 2.95, P= 0.028). Conclusion: The frequency of chronic diseases associated with IBD has been high, therefore, physicians and health care professionals should consider the possibility of other chronic diseases when dealing with IBD patients. © The Author(s)
Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Against Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
No full textWe used recombinant interleukin 23 receptor (RIL-23R)-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to study its therapeutic role in enhancing inflammation of nervous tissue in the mouse model (EAE) of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recombinant IL-23 receptor construct was designed to enter MSCs. The bioactivity of the constructs was assessed by the co-culture of MSCs/CD4 + T cells. The EAE model was induced in mice. After cell transplantation, clinical scores were evaluated, and tissue demyelination was measured by Luxol fast blue staining. The transfection of RIL-23R mRNA improved MSC properties significantly to the inflamed regions of EAE mice, and it performed an increased suppressive function on the T lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, in vivo therapy with RIL-23R MSCs in EAE mice showed an enhanced therapeutic action than MSCs, proven by improved myelination and a reduction in the penetration of inflammatory cells into the white matter. Our targeted transplantation procedure of modified MSC can be applied to improve the effectiveness of cellular therapy for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and tooth loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Several studies have assessed the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and tooth loss; however, results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was designed to examine the association between T2D and tooth loss. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideline. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar search engine until February 2022. The heterogeneity of the studies was calculated using the I2 index. Measure of effect and 95 confidence interval (CI) were extracted from each study. The results of the study were analyzed using the random effects model. Results: In the present study, 22 eligible studies were included. Meta-analysis of unadjusted and adjusted results showed that T2D significantly increased the risk of tooth loss, and Odds Ratio (OR) unadjusted was 1.87 (95 CI: 1.62�2.13, p < 0.001), and OR adjusted was 1.20 (95 CI: 1.10�1.30, p < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on study design for adjusted OR indicated that in the cohort study (OR: 1.29, 95 CI: 1.07�1.51), in the cross-sectional study (OR: 1.15, 95 CI: 1.06�1.23), and in the case-control study (OR: 5.10, 95 CI: 1.01�9.18) there was a significant association between T2D and tooth loss. Other subgroups analyses showed consistent results and no publication bias existed. Conclusions: The findings suggest that T2D is associated with increased risk of tooth loss. This conclusion may provide useful evidence for correlated clinical researches. © 2022, The Author(s)
Effect of Problem-solving Skill Training on Marital Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Field Trial
No full textBackground: Parenthood can reduce marital satisfaction (MS). Problem-solving skill (PSS) training enables couples to solve family problems and improve MS. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PSS training on MS of primigravida breastfeeding mothers. Methods: The research design of this randomized controlled field trial study was pretest-posttest with a control group done on 68 primigravida breastfeeding mothers who attended healthcare centers affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran. They were allocated to two experimental (34 individual) and control (34 individual) groups using the blocked randomized allocation technique based on pretest scores of MS. The small group program (10 - 11 women) of PSS training was performed for six 80-minute sessions for the experimental group. The control group did not receive the intervention. All participants completed the ENRICH inventory three times, namely before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention by self-report. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: Total MS score in the experimental group increased from 164.24 ± 22.85 before intervention to 181.84 ± 20.5 immediately after, and 184.41 ± 20.36 one month after the intervention significantly. Moreover, except for the score of the idealistic distortion dimension, the mean scores of the other dimensions of the ENRICH increased significantly over time in the experimental group. Conclusions: PSS training can be used as an effective method to improving MS in primigravida breastfeeding mothers. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as an effective program for improving MS. Copyright © 2022, Author(s)
Recalcitrant Cutaneous Warts in a Family with Inherited ICOS Deficiency
No full textRecalcitrant warts, caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), can be a cutaneous manifestation of inborn error of immunity. This study investigated the clinical manifestations, immunodeficiency, single-gene susceptibility, and HPV repertoire in a consanguineous family with severe sinopulmonary infections and recalcitrant warts. Clinical and immunologic evaluations, including FACS and lymphocyte transformation test, provided evidence for immunodeficiency. Combined whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide homozygosity mapping were utilized to disclose candidate sequence variants. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was used to concomitantly investigate the HPV genotypes and the consequences of detected sequence variants in the host. The proband, a male aged 41 years, was found to be homozygous for the c.6delG, p.Lys2Asnfs�17 variant in ICOS, encoding the inducible T-cell costimulator. This variant was located inside the 5 megabase of runs of homozygosity on 2q33.2. RNA sequencing confirmed the deleteriousness of the ICOS variant in three skin biopsies revealing significant downregulation of ICOS and its ligand, ICOSLG. Reads unaligned to the human genome were applied to 926 different viruses, and α-HPV57, β-HPV107, β-HPV14, and β-HPV17 were detected. Collectively, we describe a previously unrecognized inborn error of T-cell immunity to HPVs, indicating that autosomal recessive ICOS deficiency can underlie recalcitrant warts, emphasizing the immunologic underpinnings of recalcitrant warts at the nexus of human and viral genomic variation. © 2022 The Author
Whole-transcriptome sequencing�based concomitant detection of viral and human genetic determinants of cutaneous lesions
No full textSevere viral infections of the skin can occur in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We report an all-in-one whole-transcriptome sequencing�based method by RNA-Seq on a single skin biopsy for concomitantly identifying the cutaneous virome and the underlying IEI. Skin biopsies were obtained from healthy and lesional skin from patients with cutaneous infections suspected to be of viral origin. RNA-Seq was utilized as the first-tier strategy for unbiased human genome-wide rare variant detection. Reads unaligned to the human genome were utilized for the exploration of 926 viruses in a viral genome catalog. In 9 families studied, the patients carried pathogenic variants in 6 human IEI genes, including IL2RG, WAS, CIB1, STK4, GATA2, and DOCK8. Gene expression profiling also confirmed pathogenicity of the human variants and permitted genome-wide homozygosity mapping, which assisted in identification of candidate genes in consanguineous families. This automated, online, all-in-one computational pipeline, called VirPy, enables simultaneous detection of the viral triggers and the human genetic variants underlying skin lesions in patients with suspected IEI and viral dermatosis. Copyright: © 2022, Saeidian et al