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Grief Experience After Deaths: Comparison of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 Causes
No full textThe grief caused by loved ones� death causes grief is a global phenomenon. The Covid-19 pandemic caused significant changes in human lifestyles and the experience of grief. The purpose of the present study was to compare grief experiences in the deceased's relatives caused by Covid-19 and non-Covid-19. Seventy-five first- and second-degree relatives of the deceased infected with Covid-19 (n = 33) and non-Covid-19 (n = 42) in a Gorgan hospital in northern Iran were included cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the GEQ-34 grief experience questionnaire and demographic variables and questions related to funeral and burial. The results revealed that the deceased's burial quality caused by the Covid-19 group was significantly lower (p = 0.035). However, the feeling of the Covid-19 label is significantly higher (p 0.05). Nevertheless, the experience of grief was significantly different in the group of relatives of the deceased infected by Covid-19 in terms of notoriety (P = 0.040) and physical reactions (p = 0.002). Educational interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination due to death caused by Covid-19 and clinical and psychological support of relatives of the deceased due to Covid-19 are recommended by compiling appropriate messages from different channels. © The Author(s) 2022
A Novel ARMC5 Germline Variant in Primary Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Using Whole-Exome Sequencing
No full textBackground: Primary macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare form of adrenal Cushing�s syndrome with incomplete penetrance which may be sporadic or autosomal dominant. The inactivation of the ARMC5 gene, a potential tumor suppressor gene, is one of the associated causes of PMAH. This study aimed to identify the variant responsible for Iranian familial PMAH. Methods: The proband, a 44-year-old woman, was directed to whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the blood sample to discover a germline variant. In addition, the identified causative variant was confirmed and segregated in other and available unaffected family members. Results: The novel germline heterozygous missense variant, c.2105C>A in the ARMC5 gene, was found, and the same germline variant as the proband was confirmed in two affected sisters. This variant was detected in the brother of the proband with an asymptomatic condition and this considered because of incomplete penetrance and age-dependent appearance. The function of the ARMC5 protein would be damaged by the identified variant, according to in silico and computer analyses that followed. Conclusion: The new germline ARMC5 variation (c.2105C>A, (p. Ala702Glu)) was interpreted as a likely pathogenic variant based on ACMG and Sherloc standards. PMAH may be diagnosed early using genetic testing that shows inherited autosomal dominant mutations in the ARMC5 gene. © 2022 by the authors
Global status of Azithromycin and Erythromycin Resistance Rates in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textBackground: The widespread development of antibiotic resistance or decreased susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection is a global and significant human public health issue. Objectives: Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate worldwide resistance rates of NG to the azithromycin and erythromycin according to years, regions, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Methods: We systematically searched the published studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from 1988 to 2021. All analyses were conducted using Stata software. Results: The 134 reports included in the meta-analysis were performed in 51 countries and examined 165,172 NG isolates. Most of the included studies were from Asia (50 studies) and Europe (46 studies). In the metadata, the global prevalence over the past 30 years were 6 for azithromycin and 48 for erythromycin. There was substantial change in the prevalence of macrolides NG resistance over time (P 5 of specimens had azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: The implications of this study emphasize the rigorous or improved antimicrobial stewardship, early diagnosis, contact tracing, and enhanced intensive global surveillance system are crucial for control of further spreading of gonococcal emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). © 2022 Zhiwei Lu
MicroRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Application in prognosis, diagnosis, and drug delivery
No full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in various cell biology processes, including cancer formation. These small non-coding RNAs could function as diagnostic and prognostic markers. They may involve esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and distinctive miRNA expression profiles; they are also known as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Therefore, in this study, the function of miRNAs was reviewed regarding the prognosis and diagnosis of ESCC. The changes in miRNAs before and after cancer therapy and the effects of miRNAs on chemo-susceptibility patterns were also investigated. MiRNA delivery systems in ESCC were also highlighted, providing a perspective on how these systems can improve miRNA efficiency. © 2022 Elsevier Gmb
Relationship of serum homocysteine and vitamin D with positive, negative, and extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenia: a case�control study in Iran
No full textBackground: Schizophrenia is a devastating condition characterized by frequent recurrences, cognitive decline, and emotional and functional disabilities. This condition includes positive and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments resistant to drug treatment. According to studies, many biomarkers can affect this disorder. However, there is little information about vitamin D and homocysteine levels in patients with disease complications. We aimed to investigate this relationship in schizophrenia. Method: In this case�control study, 33 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy individuals were enrolled from Golestan, the north of Iran, in 2021. Blood samples were taken from all participants to assess vitamin D and homocysteine serum levels. In addition, schizophrenic patients completed the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side Effects Scale (SAS). Data analysis was performed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 16 software. Results: Of the 66 participants, 66.7 had vitamin D deficiency, and 71.2 had normal homocysteine levels. However, the serum level of vitamin D was lower in schizophrenic patients than in controls (p = 0.035), and serum homocysteine levels were higher in the schizophrenic group than in controls (p 0.05). Conclusion: Serum levels of vitamin D and homocysteine were significantly lower and higher in schizophrenic patients than in the control group. Improvement of extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenic patients had a direct and significant relationship with serum vitamin D. © 2022, The Author(s)
P. Ala278Val mutation might cause a pathogenic defect in HEXB folding leading to the Sandhoff disease
No full textSandhoff disease is a rare neurodegenerative and autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by a defect in ganglioside metabolism. Also, it is caused by mutations in the HEXB gene for the β-subunit isoform 1 of β-N-acetyl hexosaminidase. In the present study, an Iranian 14- month -old girl with 8- month history of unsteady walking and involuntary movements was described. In this regard, biochemical testing showed some defects in the normal activity of beta-hexosaminidase protein. Following sequencing of HEXB gene, a homozygous c.833C > T mutation was identified in the patient�s genome. After recognition of p.A278V, several different in silico methods were used to assess the mutant protein stability, ranging from mutation prediction methods to ligand docking. The p.A278V mutation might be disruptive because of changing the three-dimensional folding at the end of the 5th alpha helix. According to the medical prognosis, in silico and structural analyses, it was predicted to be disease cause. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Novel targets in rectal cancer by considering lncRNA�miRNA�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus consumption: a randomized clinical trial
No full textWe aimed to explore the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillusacidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption in rectal cancer patients. The candidate miRs were first taken from the GEO and TCGA databases. We constructed the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network using the high-throughput sequencing data. At last, we created a heatmap based on the experimental data to show the possible correlation of the selected targets. The expression levels of selected targets were measured in the samples of 107 rectal cancer patients undergoing placebo and probiotic consumption and 10 noncancerous subjects using Real-Time PCR. Our analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed 12 miRs and 11 lncRNAs, and 12 genes in rectal cancer patients. A significant expression increase of the selected tumor suppressor miRs, lncRNAs, and genes and a substantial expression decrease of the selected oncomiRs, onco-lncRNAs, and oncogenes were obtained after the probiotic consumption compared to the placebo group. There is a strong correlation between some network components, including miR-133b and IGF1 gene, miR-548ac and MSH2 gene, and miR-21 and SMAD4 gene. In rectal cancer patients, L.acidophilus consumption was associated with improved expression of the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network, which may provide novel monitoring and therapeutic approaches. © 2022, The Author(s)
Positive effect of Periostin on repair of Isopreternol induced ischemic damaged cardiomyocyte: an in vitro model
No full textIntroduction: One of the diseases in developed counties is myocardial infarction that causes the death of many people. A Problem of many new drugs usage concerns their assessment for applying therapeutically for heart disease. Previous studies used animal models but today many researchers tend to apply cellular models for feasibility of cellular model production and application. Methods: For this purpose, we differentiated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MDCs) into cardiomyocyte, then induced damage into cells by Isoproterenol, and finally we assayed repair of cardiomyocyte by Periostin. Damage induction and repair were confirmed by measurement of selected markers for cardiac damage and repair at mRNA level. In addition, we measured LDH activity in culture medium during damage and repair processes. Results: Our results showed LDHa and b mRNA levels increased and also cardiac markers decreased during damage of cardiomyocytes significantly. Reciprocally LDH isozymes decreased and cardiac markers increased during repair of cardiomyocytes. Discussion/conclusion: These alterations in cardiac markers after Periostin treatment demonstrate that Periostin is an effective factor on repair of cardiomyocytes. LDH activity in culture medium decreases after damage induction and increases during repair process. According to our data, Isoproterenol and Periostin are good inducer to produce damaged and repaired differentiated cardiomyocytes respectively. © 2022 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicin
Surgical Repair Outcomes of Inflammatory and Degenerative Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
No full textInflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) is characterised by thick aortic wall, with perianeurysmal fibrosis extending to adjacent organs. This study aimed to determine the early surgical outcomes of 10 IAAAs and compare the risk factors, perioperative complications, and 30-day mortality of these patients to 50 degenerative AAAs (dAAA), who underwent open repair in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2019. IAAA patients were followed for 22.7 ± 3.8 months. The frequency of IAAA was 4.9. All IAAA patients were males and smokers. There was no statistical difference in preoperative risk factors (age, smoking, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications between dAAA and IAAA patients. The thirty-day mortality rate of open surgeries in degenerative and inflammatory cases was 8 (N=4) and 10 (N=1), respectively. Open repair with proximal/and/or distal clamping, avoids severe adhesiolysis, procedure-related morbidity, and 30-day perioperative mortality. © 2022 College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. All rights reserved
Mothers view about oral health status, oral hygiene behaviors, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools
No full textAim: Parents are the principal decision-makers regarding their child's health. Awareness of mothers� view about their children's health, particularly with special health care needs (SHCN) (include hearing impaired children), is essential for health care providers. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the mothers view about oral health status, oral hygiene practices, and dental services utilization of their children with hearing impairment attending special schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2020 among mothers of students with hearing impairment attending special schools. Also, the telephone structured interview was used to gathering mothers view. Results: 57.4 of the mothers rated their children's oral health status as excellent or good, 27.9 as moderate, and 14.7 as poor. About half of the mothers (49.2) stated that their children used toothbrushes once daily, and 15 use dental floss. Also, 54 of the children visited the dentist before this survey's conduct. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that children with hearing impairment can also have good oral health status and behaviors. These results may be attributed to the fact that the study sample was taken from two special schools. Also, only the mothers� perception assessment of students� oral health status was done. Further studies are required to increase the strength of evidence. © 2021 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals LL