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Impact of COVID-19 in Chronic Viral Hepatitis B Patients on Virological, Clinical, and Paraclinical Aspects
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by an infection in the respiratory tract leading to extrapulmonary manifestations, including dysregulation of the immune system and hepatic injury. Objectives: Given the high prevalence of viral hepatitis and a few studies carried out on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and hepatitis B virus (HBV), this study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in the northeast region of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the blood samples were collected from 93 CHB patients registered in the Patient Detection Data Bank of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, and 62 healthy individuals as controls. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction was adopted to detect COVID-19 infection in all the participants� nasopharyngeal samples. All the participants were subjected to anti-hepatitis C virus, anti-hepatitis delta virus, and liver function tests. Then, HBV deoxyribonucleic acid load was detected in CHB patients. The collected data were analyzed by statistical tests using SPSS software (version 20). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, 14 (13/93) and 32.25 (20/62) of CHB patients and control individuals were infected with COVID-19, respectively. Themeanage of CHBpatients was 39.6919.58 years, and 71 of them were female. The risk of developing COVID-19 in healthy controls was observed to be 2.3 times higher than in patients with CHB (0.95 confidence interval: 1.242 - 4.290). On the other hand, the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in CHB patients superinfected with COVID-19 were higher than other participants. Out of 35.4 of patients with viral hepatitis B that were taking antiviral drugs, only 5.4 had COVID-19. Conclusions: Although CHB infection did not predispose COVID-19 patients to more severe outcomes, the data of this study suggest that antiviral agents also decreased susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Alternatively, careful assessment of hepatic manifestations and chronic viral hepatitis infections in COVID-19 patients can lead to more favorable health outcomes. © 2022, Author(s
The Effects of Educational Program on Self-Care behavior of the hypertension Patients in Rural Areas of Minoodash
No full textAims: Many people with hypertension are unaware of their problem. As hypertension may have no warning sign and causes serious complications, designing effective interventions to sensitize the community towards its control is necessary.the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-care educational programs for hypertension in rural areas of Minoodash County. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, 136 patients with hypertension from rural areas of Minoodasht county are studied in 2019-2020. Two-stage random cluster sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire whose validity and reliability was assessed. The questionnaire consisted of demographic and related outcomes parts (adherence to diet and drug therapy, physical activity, adherence to control (measurement) of blood pressure, and feelings related to behavior). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (i.e. mean, percentage, and absolute and relative frequency). Also, paired t-test and covariance analyses were used. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data. Findings: Based on the paired t-test, the mean of measured dimensions was significantly increased after providing the intervention (p-value<0.00). The covariance analysis was also statistically significant (p-value<0.05), after removing the pre-test effects of variables. Conclusion: This study showed the positive effects of educational interventions on those who suffer from hypertension. Educational programs, as a core component of health promotion, can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of trainees to maintain and adherence to promote their health. © 2022, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved
Improvement of Nurses� Clinical Practice in Neonatal Pain Management: A Protocol of Evidence-Based Intervention
No full textBackground: Despite the expansion of knowledge of neonatal pain assessment and management, there is still a considerable gap between nurses' clinical practices in Iran and available evidence. The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based protocol for neonatal pain management and to evaluate its effectiveness on nurses' clinical practice. Methods: The present study will be based on the Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice (JHNEBP) model and the three stages of practice question and project planning, evidence, and translation (PET). In this way, after forming an interprofessional team, clinical practice questions will be defined, and the main stakeholders will be identified. Then, the types, levels, and quality of evidence will be assessed to summarize their final strength using the proposed tools of the model, and finally, recommendations will be developed. In the translation phase, the recommendations will be implemented during a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial, and its implications for nursing practices in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates will be evaluated. Results: The results of this study will lead to the production of an operational and applicable protocol in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates. It can provide the basis for improving the clinical practice of nurses and subsequently improving the quality of neonatal care. Conclusion: One of the strengths of this study is the use of an interprofessional team approach, considering the clients' priorities, and the improvement of organizational culture in order to endeavor for knowledge translation and change in clinical practice. © 2022, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Gender and Body Mass Index-Related Serum Level of Adipokines and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Bipolar Patients Who Received Lithium and Valproic Acid
No full textBackground: This is the study to assess alterations on adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrome components in women and men bipolar disorder (BD) patients with normal weight and obesity who received valproic acid (VPA) and lithium (Li). Methods: Thirty-six women and 51 men were included. Commercial kits were used to determine all parameters. Metabolic syndrome components were determined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: Patients who received Li and VPA significantly differ in waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (in women and men). Normal weight patients received both drugs, significant differences were considered in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), WC, and TG levels compared to healthy controls, but there were significant differences in TG, leptin, and adiponectin levels in obese patients who received VPA. There were significant negative and positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG in women and men BD patients treated with VPA and Li. There were significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG and significant negative correlation with HDL-C in normal weight BD patients treated with VPA and Li, respectively, while there was only a significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin, and TG in obese BD patients treated with VPA. Conclusions: It looks like that patients treated with both drugs for our suggested time may increase leptin and adiponectin levels. Correlation differences between leptin and adiponectin, and metabolic syndrome components may be important parameters in women, men, normal weight, and obese BD patients. Monitoring of body composition and adipokines may benefit in medical care of these patients
A multicenter retrospective study of clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of 166 hospitalized children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A preliminary report from Iranian Network for Research in Viral Diseases (INRVD)
No full textBackground: The objectives of this study were to analyze the clinical features and laboratory profiles and risk factors associated with critical illness of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: One hundred and sixty-six coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Iranian pediatric patients were recruited through a collaborative research network between March and May 2020. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiological results were obtained from patient files. Results: Of 166 patients, 102 (61) and 64 (39) were males and females, respectively. Ninety-six (57.8) and 70 (42.2), had moderate and severe conditions, respectively. Thirty (18) of patients died. The common symptoms were fever (73), cough (54), and shortness of breath, headache decrease in neutrophil and platelet counts; increase values in lactate dehydrogenase, decrease in the blood pH and HCO3 were significantly associated with the disease severity. 54 and 56 of patients showed abnormal radiographic appearance in Chest X-ray and in chest computed tomography scan, respectively. Sixty-one (36.7) of patients were referred to intensive care unit (ICU). The coexistence of comorbidity was the main factor associated with ICU admission, shock, arrhythmia, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and death. Conclusions: We describe a higher than previously recognized rate of COVID-19 mortality in Iranian pediatric patients. Epidemiological factors, such as the relatively high case fatality rate in the country and the presence of underlying diseases were the main factors for the high death rate. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LL
Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian Medical University Students about Organ Donation and Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Medical professionals' knowledge of and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation have positive impact on donation rates. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of medical university students in Iran about organ donation and transplantation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1078 undergraduate students in Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, from January to June 2019. All eligible students were recruited using convenient sampling. Data were gathered using knowledge and attitude toward organ donation and transplantation questionnaire. The higher scores of both subscales, the knowledge subscale (range from 0 to 13) and the attitude subscale (range from 13 to 65), indicate the better knowledge and attitude toward organ donation and transplantation. Results: The mean age of students was 22.24±5.16 years. Finding showed that the mean score of students' knowledge and attitude toward organ donation and organ transplantation were 8.48±1.71 and 48.55±8.11 respectively. Also, the mean score of students' knowledges in females (P<0.001), married (P=0.001) and who had organ donation card (P<0.001) was significantly higher. Nearly all of the students had heard about organ donation (98.3) and organ transplantation (98.4). Majority of them pointed that their source of information about organ donation and transplantation was television (TV) program (47.1). Most of the students (73.8) reported that they agree to donate their organs but most of them (67.5) did not know how to obtain organ donation card and only 9.6 of them had the organ donor card as a volunteer donor. Conclusion: According to finding, despite the awareness and favorable attitude about organ donation and transplantation among medical students, the number of registered donors was low. In addition to promoting college students' awareness about organ donation for increasing registered donors, it is needed to aware and pursue lay people through social media. © 2022 Kolagari Sh., et al
Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) ACSm
No full textAmburana cearensis (Allemão) ACSm. belongs to the Fabaceae family and occurs in the Brazilian semiarid, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru. Numerous studies that portray its ethnobotany, use in popular medicine, chemical composition, and biological activities exist in the literature. This review aimed to provide an overview of the chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and biological activities associated with A. cearensis and its isolated constituents. Information was collected from internet searches in the Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were performed covering publications from 1997�2020. An ethnopharmacological literature analysis revealed that A. cearensis is used to treat a wide range of respiratory disorders in addition to intestinal, circulatory, and inflammatory problems. Coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoid derivatives, and triterpenoids, among others, have been reported as active compounds, with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) being the main analytical technique used. The A. cearensis extracts and compounds presented several biological activities, including antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and myorelaxant activities, among others. This review provides a useful bibliography for future investigations and A. cearensis applications; however, future studies should focus on its toxic effects and the mechanisms of action of its extracts and isolated constituents to guide clinical applications. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
The other side of the coin: Positive view on the role of opioids in cancer
No full textOpioids have been used for medicinal purposes as an analgesic and recreational purposes as a euphorigenic throughout human history. Cancer patients are often treated with different doses of opioids concurrently with anti-cancer drugs for pain relief without exhibiting excessive adverse effects. The intersection of the biology of pain, opioid therapy, and disease progression represents the crux of the matters and is of potentially great importance in cancer care. For more than 20 years, multiple investigations have focused on the stimulatory effects of opioids on cancer cell growth, while in-depth studies on the inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth development have usually been neglected. This paper reviews the evidence regarding opioid therapies and their anti-cancer effects on various malignancies. Likewise, we have a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms necessary for pinpointing their positive or negative impacts on malignancies to raise awareness and stimulate more excellent dialogue regarding their carcinogenic/anticarcinogenic roles. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Personality traits and anxiety in patients with temporomandibular disorders
No full textBackground: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have long been suggested to result from psychological factors. Recent studies, however, tend to consider TMD a chronic psychosomatic illness. The present study was designed to explore the association between TMD and personality profile. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Reconstructed form (MMPI-2-RF) was used to evaluate the association for the first time. Methods: A total of 258 subjects participated in this case�control study. TMD cases as detected by the Helkimo index were questioned regarding their personality characteristics and anxiety levels using MMPI-2-RF and Spielberger state and trait anxiety inventory. Results: Patients with TMD scored higher on all personality characteristics except for Aberrant Experiences. The psychological profile of TMD showed no significant difference between theoretical and experimental Ideas of Persecution means. Patients with TMD reported significantly higher mean levels of state and trait anxiety than controls. The most frequently found anxiety levels in TMD cases have been mild state and trait anxiety (77.5 versus 74.4). Conclusion: Personality characteristic scores were considerably higher in TMD patients. TMD cases detected by Helkimo index manifest both trait and state anxiety as common findings. © 2022, The Author(s)