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Short-Term Effects of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery on Respiratory and Skeletal Muscles' Strength
No full textBackground: Bariatric surgery leads to weight loss and body fat percentage reduction, but patients are prone to lean tissue loss which itself reduces the quality of life, and increases the risk of deatand h. This study evaluated the effects of bariatric surgery and changes in Fat Mass (FM) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) on the respiratory and skeletal muscles' strength three months after bariatric surgery. Methods: After obtaining demographic information, anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis, including Body Mass Index (BMI), FM, FFM, Percent Body Fat (PBF), handgrip isometric force, respiratory muscle forces and spirometry volumes, were assessed before and three months after bariatric surgery in 50 men and women undergoing this surgery. Results: Weight, BMI, FM, PBF and FFM isometric muscle force were decreased significantly. In contrast, respiratory muscle forces and respiratory volumes were increased significantly three months after the surgery. Reduction in FFM 3 months after the surgery did not lead to a change in respiratory muscle strength (p-values�0.05). Conclusion: According to our findings, FM and FFM along with weight and BMI decrease significantly after bariatric surgery. These alternations were accompanied by a significant increase in respiratory muscle strength but were not correlated with handgrip muscle force changes. Copyright © 2022, Journal of Iranian Medical Council. All rights reserved
A structural equation model analysis of the relationship between maternal fear of childbirth and expectant fathers� fear of childbirth: The mediating role of fathers� depression, anxiety, and stress
No full textIntroduction: Some fathers experience traumatic and unpleasant feelings such as fear of childbirth during pregnancy and childbirth. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of the expectant fathers� depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between maternal fear of childbirth and paternal fear of childbirth. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using a two-stage sampling method, 502 expectant Iranian fathers and their wives in the second half of pregnancy were recruited. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires, including the fathers� fear of childbirth scale, the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire, and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was employed in the Amos software version 24. Results: Results indicated an acceptable fit of the model to the data. Maternal fear of childbirth was associated with paternal fear of childbirth, directly (β = 0.23, p =.046) and indirectly through the mediator of paternal depression, anxiety, and stress (β =.17, p =.007). The expectant fathers� stress had a greater impact on their fear of childbirth. Conclusions: By considering the role of maternal fear of childbirth as well as expectant fathers� depression, anxiety, and stress on paternal fear of childbirth, it seems this study has some practical implications for improving the fathers� psychological well-being. © 2022 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Role of microRNAs in tumor progression among Iranian population: An overview
No full textCancer is one of the main health challenges in the world with a noticeable global mortality rate. It has been reported that there is a rising trend of cancer incidence among Iranians during the recent decades. Various factors are associated with tumorigenesis such as environment, genetic, and epigenetic. Epigenetic is heritable transcriptional changes without DNA alterations which are exerted through DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNA profiles. Aberrant epigenetic changes are commonly observed in early stages of neoplastic transformation. Since majority of cancer related deaths are related to the late diagnosis and lack of an efficient early detection method, it is required to introduce novel early detection methods. MicroRNAs are secreted into the body fluids and are stable for a long-term storage. Therefore, stability and easy detection in body fluids makes microRNAs as ideal and less invasive biomarkers of early detection in cancer. In present review we summarized all of the significant reported miRNAs in different tumor types until now among Iranian population to pave the way for introducing a general population based non coding panel of markers for the early detection of cancers in this population. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
On the spectral coherence between two periodically correlated processes
No full textWe introduce a general class of multivariate periodically correlated processes and their corresponding time-domain and spectral-domain characterizations. A spectral coherence based on the Hilbert�Schmidt inner product of the Fourier transforms is introduced to measure the dependence of two periodically correlated (PC) processes. An estimator for the spectral coherence is introduced and studied. A hypothesis on the presence of significant dependence is formulated and the corresponding testing procedure established. Numerical illustrations on the performance of the spectral coherence and its estimator are given using simulated and real PC time series. © 2021 Statistical Society of Canada
Heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori can lead to treatment failure. Importantly, several studies have reported on heteroresistance, i.e. the presence of resistant and susceptible H. pylori populations in the same sample and/or a difference in the susceptibility patterns between biopsy samples. This meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence of metronidazole and clarithromycin heteroresistance and the approaches to their detection. Material and methods: A systematic review was performed after the search of MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. The study outcomes were the weighted pooled prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in H. pylori positive samples and/or isolates with a subanalysis by continent. Results: A total of 22 studies that had investigated 3852 H. pylori positive patients were included in the meta-analysis. Heteroresistance to clarithromycin was reported in 20 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 6.8 (95 CI 5.1�8.6; 3654 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 55.6). Heteroresistance to metronidazole was reported in 12 studies, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 13.8 (95 CI 8.9�18.6; 1670 H. pylori positive patients; the substantial heterogeneity I2 = 60.9). The weighted pooled prevalence of clarithromycin heteroresistance was similar in Asia and Europe (p = 0.174584), however, metronidazole heteroresistance was detected more often in Europe (p < 0.00001). Clarithromycin heteroresistance was detected more often by phenotype rather than by using genotyping methods (12 vs 8 studies), whereas heteroresistance to metronidazole was detected only by phenotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of heteroresistance to clarithromycin and/or metronidazole is not negligible and can be detected in approximately 7 and 14 of H. pylori positive samples, respectively. These findings highlight the need to raise the awareness of gastroenterologists and microbiologists to the heteroresistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients with a H. pylori infection. © 2022, The Author(s)
An innovative systematic approach introduced the involved lncRNA-miR-mRNA network in cell cycle and proliferation after conventional treatments in breast cancer patients
No full textThe present study aimed to explore the involved lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in the cell cycle and proliferation after conventional treatments in Luminal A breast cancer patients.The candidate miRNAs (miRs), lncRNAs, and mRNAs were first taken from the Gene Expression Omnibus and TCGA databases. The lncRNA�miR�mRNA network was then constructed using the high-throughput sequencing data. The expression levels of selected targets were measured in the breast cancer and healthy samples by the Real-Time PCR technique and compared with the clinical outcomes by the Kaplan-Meier method.Our analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed 3 lncRNAs, 9 miRs, and 14 mRNAs in breast cancer patients. A significant expression decrease of the selected tumor suppressor lncRNAs, miRs, and genes and a substantial expression increase of the selected onco-lncRNAs, oncomiRs, and oncogenes were obtained in the patients compared to the healthy group. The plasma levels of the lncRNAs, miRs, and mRNAs were more significant after the operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy than the pre-treatment. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the patients with a high expression of miR-21, miR-20b, IGF1R, and E2F2 and a low expression of miR-125a, PDCD4, and PTEN had exhibited a shorter overall survival rate.Our results suggested that the underlying mechanisms of the lncRNA, miRs, and mRNAs and relevant signaling pathways may be considered predictive and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Polypill for prevention of cardiovascular diseases with focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the PolyIran-Liver trial
No full textAIMS: Individuals with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or elevated liver enzymes have increased cardiovascular mortality but are often excluded from prevention trials. We investigated the effectiveness of fixed-dose combination therapy for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (MCVE) among individuals with and without presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (pNASH). METHODS AND RESULTS: Two thousand four hundred participants over 50 were randomized into the intervention and control groups. Consent was obtained post-randomization. Consenting participants in the intervention group were given a pill containing aspirin, atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and valsartan (polypill). Participants were followed for 5 years. Presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was diagnosed by ultrasonography and elevated liver enzymes. The primary outcome was MCVE. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01245608. Among the originally randomized population, 138 of 1249 in the intervention group (11.0) and 137 of 1017 controls (13.5) had MCVE during the 5-year follow-up unadjusted risk ratio (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.03. Of the 1508 participants who consented to additional measurements and treatment, 63 of 787 (8.0%) intervention group participants and 86 of 721 (11.9%) controls had MCVE (adjusted RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.83). Although the adjusted relative risk of MCVE in participants with pNASH (0.35, 95% CI 0.17-0.74) was under half that for participants without pNASH (0.73, 95% CI 0.49-1.00), the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no change in liver enzymes in participants taking polypill but among those with pNASH, there was a significant decrease after 60 months of follow-up (intragroup -12.0 IU/L, 95% CI -14.2 to -9.6). CONCLUSION: Among patients consenting to receive fixed-dose combination therapy, polypill is safe and effective for the prevention of MCVE, even among participants with fatty liver and increased liver enzymes. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]
Care Burden of Home Caregivers of Patients with COVID-19
No full textBackground and purpose: Caring for patients with COVID-19 at home is mainly the responsibility of the family which leads to high burden of care. The burden of care refers to psychological pain, physical problems, financial and social pressures, disruption of family relationships, feelings of hopelessness, and other negative consequences of care tasks. The aim of this study was to determine the care burden in caregivers of patients with COVID-19 at home. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 390 family caregivers of patients with COVID-19 attending medical centers in Gorgan, Iran 2021, using convenience sampling. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) was administered which consists of five domains and a score range of 24-120. Data were analyzed in SPSS V18 applying equivalent non-parametric tests. Results: The mean total score for care burden was 52.70±17.03 and the mean scores for other subscales were as follows: 14.90±6.22 for time dependence=, 10.80±4.88 for developmental, 9.60±4.36 for physical burden, 7.80±2.91 for social burden, and 9.60±3.84 for emotional burden. As the age of the caregivers increase, the burden of time dependence increased. Women and caregivers with low educational backgrounds perceived a higher burden of care. There was a significant relationship between the burden of care and patient's economic status and the health status of the caregiver (P<0.05). Conclusion: Family caregivers of patients with COVID-19 at home received a moderate burden of care that could negatively affect their health and wellbeing. Family caregivers need to be supported psychosocially and financially by formal community health systems. © 2022, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Human interaction targets of SARS-COV-2 spike protein: A systematic review
No full textObjectives: The development of effective targeted therapy and drug-design approaches against the SARS-CoV-2 is a universal health priority. Therefore, it is important to assess possible therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 via its most interaction targets. The present study aimed to perform a systematic review on clinical and experimental investigations regarding SARS-COV-2 interaction targets for human cell entry. Methods: A systematic search using relevant MeSH terms and keywords was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI) databases up to July 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was done as a qualitative method for data gathering and synthesis of each outcome measure. Results: A total of 5610 studies were identified, and 128 articles were included in the systematic review. Based on the results, spike antigen was the only interaction protein from SARS-CoV-2. However, the interaction proteins from humans varied including different spike receptors and several cleavage enzymes. The most common interactions of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry were ACE2 (entry receptor) and TMPRSS2 (for spike priming). A lot of published studies have mainly focused on the ACE2 receptor followed by the TMPRSS family and furin. Based on the results, ACE2 polymorphisms as well as spike RBD mutations affected the SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity. Conclusion: The included studies shed more light on SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry mechanisms and detailed interactions, which could enhance the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the development of new and comprehensive therapeutic approaches. © The Author(s) 2022
Design, implementation and evaluation of informal home care support intervention program for lonely older adults in the community: Protocol for a feasibility study
No full textBackground Providing lonely older adults with informal home care services is important to improving their health and quality of life. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of design, implementation and evaluation of an informal home care support intervention program (HoSIP) for community- dwelling lonely older adults in Gorgan, Iran. Method/design This feasibility study is a mixed-method with a concurrent nested design. Lonely older adults will be enrolled as the HoSIP intervention group and will receive 12-weeks of informal home care service by peer supporters. The purpose of this feasibility study is to determine the recruitment capability and resulting sample characteristics, data collection procedure and outcome measures, the acceptability and suitability of the intervention and study procedures, the resource and ability to manage the study and intervention, and preliminary evaluation of participant response to intervention. Primary outcomes including participant feelings of loneliness, quality of life, general health, social network, social support, and self-care ability, will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention for the intervention and control groups. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted immediately after the intervention using content qualitative approach to describe participants' experiences with HoSIP. Discussion Through this study we will examine the feasibility of delivering informal home care services to community-dwelling lonely older adults in a developing country through employing a concurrent nested mixed-method design. © 2022 Lotfalinezhad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited