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Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) exacerbates dermal lesions caused by Leishmania major and comparatively unresponsive to meglumine antimoniate treatment
No full textPurpose: The present study investigated the possible role of Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) in the severity of dermal lesions and treatment failure due to Leishmania major. Methods: The drug susceptibility of 14 clinical isolates of L.major, including resistant (n = 7) and sensitive (n = 7) isolates, was checked in the J774A.1 macrophage cell line. The presence of LRV2 among isolates was investigated by the RdRp gene and semi-nested PCR. Moreover, 1 � 106 sensitive L. major LRV2+ and LRV2- promastigotes were inoculated subcutaneously into the base tails of the 40 BALB/c mice divided into 4 groups (n = 10 in each group), including clinical LRV2+, clinical LRV2-, positive control LRV2+ and negative control LRV2-. The groups were infected with a unique isolate. The lesion size and parasite burden were evaluated. Results: Sensitive and resistant isolates were determined by the drug susceptibility method. A higher presence of LRV2 was observed among MA-resistant isolates (6/7) compared with susceptible isolates (4/7), which was not statistically significant (P = 0.237). On the other hand, a comparison of the lesion sizes between the LRV2+ and LRV2- BALB/c mice groups revealed that the mean size of the lesion in the LRV2+ groups was significantly higher than the LRV2- (P = 0.034). In the same direction, there was an increased parasite burden in mice inoculated with LRV2+ groups compared with the LRV2- BALB/c mice groups (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings showed that the presence of LRV2 could be one of the factors contributing to exacerbating CL. Although we found a higher presence of LRV2 in the resistant isolates, it seems that further investigations are recommended to determine the detailed association between lesions' aggravation and being comparatively unresponsive to treatment. © 202
Focal adhesion kinase�related pathways may be suppressed by metformin in vascular smooth muscle cells in high glucose conditions
No full textIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are known as one of the important causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metformin is used as an oral medication for reducing blood sugar. In this study, the effects of metformin were investigated on the FAK gene expression levels, pFAK protein values, cell viability and migration rate of VSMCs in high glucose conditions. Materials and methods: The FAK gene expression levels and pFAK protein values were evaluated in VSMCs treated with different doses of metformin (1, 5 and 7 mM), based on cell viability using RT-qPCR, western blotting and MTT techniques. The cellular migration was evaluated by scratch assay. Results: The FAK gene expression levels reduced significantly in metformin-treated VSMCs at 24 h and 48 h periods (p <.0008 and p <.0001, respectively). The pFAK protein values reduced significantly at 24 h (5 mM and 7 mM metformin doses) and 48 h periods (p <.001). In agreement with pFAK protein values, cellular migration reduced significantly at 24 h and 48 h periods (p <.001). Conclusion: The results showed that metformin may suppress the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via FAK-related pathways and may retard the progression of vessel stenosis in diabetes. © 2022 The Authors. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Tigecycline antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance: narrative review
No full textTigecycline is unique glycylcycline class of semisynthetic antimicrobial agents developed for the treatment of polymicrobial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Tigecycline evades the main tetracycline resistance genetic mechanisms, such as tetracycline-specific efflux pump acquisition and ribosomal protection, via the addition of a glycyclamide moiety to the 9-position of minocycline. The use of the parenteral form of tigecycline is approved for complicated skin and skin structure infections (excluding diabetes foot infection), complicated intra-abdominal infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. New evidence also suggests the effectiveness of tigecycline for the treatment of severe Clostridioides difficile infections. Tigecycline showed in vitro susceptibility to Coxiella spp., Rickettsia spp., and multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonnorrhoeae strains which indicate the possible use of tigecycline in the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens. Except for intrinsic, or often reported resistance in some Gram-negatives, tigecycline is effective against a wide range of multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Herein, we summarize the currently available data on tigecycline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, its mechanism of action, the epidemiology of tigecycline resistance, and its clinical effectiveness. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Consequences of pregnancy training; Lifestyle modification or increase vaginal delivery? A ret
No full textBackground and Objective: Du to importance of Lifestyle modification during pregnancy, the present study was conducted with the aim of determination of of childbirth preparation training outcome on lifestyle and mode of delivery of Gorgan women. Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 352 women under coverage of comprehensive health Gorgan 6-12 months after delivery. 176 of women who participated in childbirth preparation training as exposed group by census method sampling and 176 women who did not participated as non- exposed group by matching method Sampling in terms of age and maternal education included in the study. Lifestyle was assessed with Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire (HPLP II). Data analysis was performed using SPSS18 software and Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Analysis of variance tests and to analyze the relative risk analysis of logistic regression. Results: The mean score of total lifestyles in exposure group was (141.16 ± 22.26) and in the non-exposure group was (137.16 ± 20.67). Despite of the higher mean score in all six Subscale of lifestyle was higher in the exposure group, the independent t-test did not show significant difference (P=0.08), but there was a significant difference in the Subscale of stress management (P= 0.04). In addition, the relative risk for vaginal delivery was 1.49 (1.09-2.02) and vaginal delivery 13.1 was higher in the exposure group (P= 0.009). Conclusion: Participating in childbirth classes increases vaginal delivery rate and the mean score of the total lifestyle and its six Subscale, even after 6-12 months after childbirth, and in the Subscale of stress management has the greatest impact. © Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature.All rights reserved
Designing hybrid nanofibers based on keratin-poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (�-caprolactone) for application as wound dressing
No full textIn this study, the production of hybrid scaffolds containing keratin/polyvinyl alcohol (Ker/PVA) and poly (�-caproactone) (PCL) for application in skin regeneration has been investigated. In the first step, the extraction of keratin from wool fibers was done, and then electrospinning process was used to fabricate hybrid nanofibers. Ker/PVA blend solution was extruded from one syringe and poly(ε-caprolactone) solution from the other one and hybrid nanofibers were gathered onto a rotary drum collector. The effect of different ratios of Ker/PVA (30:70), (50:50), and (70:30) with PCL were studied on the morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical features of the scaffolds. The Ker/PVA (50:50)-PCL nanofibers presented an appropriate modulus and mechanical strength similar to the natural skin. These scaffolds possessed high levels of hydrophilicity, which improved cell-scaffold adhesion and increased the growth and proliferation of fibroblast cells. Keratin based nanofibers demonstrated antibacterial characteristic against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. © The Author(s) 2021
Effect of Spirulina on Lipid Profile, Glucose and Malondialdehyde Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
No full textThe study aimed to assess possible spirulina effects on lipid profile, glucose, and malondialdehyde levels in new cases of type 2 diabetes. The subjects consisted of 30 new cases of types 2 diabetes that divided into two groups; each consisted of 15 diabetic patients. Group I did not take any functional food or supplement and received no spirulina supplementation. Group II or experimental group also did not take any functional food or supplement but received spirulina supplementation. Analysis of data was done using SPSS 16.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. After eight weeks of spirulina supplementation, significant differences were shown in the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde. The serum fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and malondialdehyde levels at baseline were negatively and positively correlated with changes in these parameters. Spirulina supplementation may have a beneficial effect on lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels through an interventional 8 weeks. This effect may protect subjects against free radicals and the development of some diseases such as atherosclerosis. The spirulina supplementation also showed a potential lipid-lowering effect on new case type 2 diabetic patients which may help the diabetics to have control on lipid levels. In addition, spirulina may be used as a functional food for the management of lipid profiles and MDA levels. © 2022, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca). All rights reserved
Five-year relative survival and determinants of excess mortality in patients with head and neck and thyroid cancers: A population-based study from Golestan province, Northern Iran
No full textBackground: We aimed to assess relative survival (RS) and determinants of excess mortality rate in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and thyroid cancer in Golestan province, Northern Iran. Methods: We recruited new primary HNSCC and thyroid cancer cases from Golestan, 2006�2016. Five-year age-standardized RS with their 95 confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The relationships between different variables with excess mortality rates were assessed by estimating adjusted excess hazard ratios (aEHRs) with their 95 CIs. Results: Overall, 718 cases of HNSCC and 386 thyroid cancer cases were enrolled. Five-year age-standardized RS (95 CI) were 36 (31�41) and 61 (52�69) in HNSCC and thyroid cancer patients, respectively. There were significant relationship between excess mortality rates in HNSCC patients with metastasis (aEHR= 3.31; 95CI: 2.26�4.84), treatment type (4.19; 2.54�6.91, for no treatment as compared to receiving both surgery and chemoradiotherapy), age (2.16; 1.57�2.96, for older age group) and smoking (2.00; 1.45�2.75, for smokers as compared to non-smokers). Determinant of the excess mortality in thyroid cancer patients included metastasis (19.65; 8.08�47.79), tumor morphology (12.27; 4.62�32.58, for anaplastic cancer as compared to papillary cancer), treatment type (8.95, 4.13�19.4, for no treatment as compared to receiving both surgery and iodine therapy) and age (2.31; 1.17�4.54, for older age group). Conclusion: Our findings suggested low RS for thyroid cancer in our population, while the estimates for HNSCC were comparable with other population. Metastasis, treatment type and age were determinants of mortality both in thyroid and HNSCC patients. © 2022 Elsevier Lt
Years of Life Lost due to accidents and injuries in Iran: A trend of five years (2014-2018)
No full textBackground: Accidents and injuries are known around the world as the leading cause of disability and mortality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of deaths due to accidents and injuries and years of life lost due to it. Methods: The method used in this research is the documentary method analysis. The study population was all deaths recorded in the Statistics and Performance Analysis Unit of Golestan University of Medical Sciences during the years 2014-2018. Results: During the years 2014 to 2018, more than 4318 deaths due to accidents occurred in Golestan province, of which 76.3 were related to men and 23.7 were related to women. There were about 99,531 years of life lost due to premature death during the study period, with the proportion of men (75,737 years, 16 per 1,000) higher than women (23,794 years, 5.1 per 1,000). Conclusion: Promoting knowledge and education, especially in the younger age group, interventions to solve accident-prone areas, adopting policies to reduce traffic accidents and lack of easy access to pesticides, teaching safety principles are also recommended. © 2022 Heidari, Kabir, Khatirnamani, Jafari, Gholami, Honarvar, Lotfi, licensee HBKU Press
Study of the Demographic and Clinical Profile in a Neurocutaneous Rare Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: Neurofibromatosis is one of the most common dominantly inherited genetic disorders. This study aimed to study the demographic and clinical profile of neurofibromatosis patients. Methods: This study is cross-sectional conducted in 2020 on the population of patients with neurofibromatosis. Patients who are members of the Neurofibromatosis Association answered the online demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Results: 446 patients with neurofibromatosis participated in this study with a mean age of 33.39 ± 12.87 years. 297 patients (66.6) were women and 378 (84.8) patients had type 1 neurofibromatosis. The disease visibility was reported to be moderate in 254 patients (54.9) and the severity of the disease was mild in 238 (53.4) patients. The type of neurofibromatosis was not significantly related to gender, age groups, parental education, and ethnicity. The relationship between severity and age (p = <0.001) and gender (p = 0.042) was significant and the relationship between visibility and age (p = <0.001) was significant but despite the fact that the disease was more visible in men than women, it was not significantly related to gender. Conclusions: The study results showed that the most common complication in the study population was Café au lait spot. In addition, visibility and severity of the disease were mild and moderate, respectively. © 2022, Neurological Society R.O.C (Taiwan). All rights reserved
Contribution of HLA class II genes, DRB4*01:01, DRB1*07:01, and DQB1*03:03:2 to clinical features of Vitiligo disease in Iranian population
No full textBackground: Vitiligo is a multifactorial depigmentation condition, which is due to skin melanocyte destruction. Increased expression of HLA class II genes in patients with pre-lesions of Vitiligo suggests a crucial role for the participation of immune response in Vitiligo development. Recent studies progressively focused on HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes. In this study, we have evaluated the association and role of HLA-DRB4*01:01, -DRB1*07:01, and -DQB1*03:03:2 genes in different clinical subtypes of Vitiligo in the Iranian population. Methods: First, Genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 125 unrelated Vitiligo patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls were extracted through the salting-out method. Then, HLA class II genotyping was performed using the sequence-specific primer PCR method. Finally, the clinical relevance of the testing for these genotypes was evaluated by applying the PcPPV (prevalence-corrected positive predictive value) formula. Results: Our results indicated the positive associations of DRB4*01:01 and DRB1*07:01 allelic genes with early-onset Vitiligo (p = 0.024 and 0.022, respectively). DRB4*01:01 also showed strong protection against late-onset Vitiligo (p = 0.0016, RR = 0.360). Moreover, our data revealed that the DRB1*07:01 increases the susceptibility to Sporadic Vitiligo (p = 0.030, RR = 1.702). Furthermore, our findings proposed that elevated vulnerability of Vitiligo patients due to DRB4*01:01 and DRB1*07:01 alleles maybe is correlated with the presence of amino acid Arginine at position 71 at pocket 4 on the antigen-binding site of the HLA-DRB1 receptor. Conclusion: Our findings on different subtypes of Vitiligo suggest that, despite a more apparent autoimmune involvement, a non-autoimmune nature for the etiology of Vitiligo should also be considered. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V