Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Golestan University of Medical Sciences RepositoryNot a member yet
3346 research outputs found
Sort by
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Gorgan, northern Iran
No full textPseudomonasaeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen with a capacity of resistance to multiple antibiotics and production of various extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors that clearly contribute to its pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factors, and clonal relationship among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Different clinical specimens from hospitalized patients were investigated for P. aeruginosa. Susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. A total of 97 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from clinical specimens. The percentage of isolates resistant to antimicrobials was imipenem 25.77, meropenem 15.46, gentamicin 16.49, tobramycin 15.46, amikacin 16.49, ciprofloxacin 20.61, levofloxacin 24.74, ceftazidime 20.61, piperacillin 15.46, piperacillin/tazobactam 12.37, colistin 9.27, and polymyxin B 11.34. Of isolates, 87.62 possessed β-hemolytic activity, 78.35 lecithinase, 59.8 elastase, 37.11 DNase, and 28.86 twitching motility. The frequency of virulence genes in isolates was lasB 82.47, plcH 82.47, exoA 58.76, exoS 56.7, and pilA 10.3. ERIC-PCR typing clustered P. aeruginosa isolates to 19 common types (CT1-CT19) containing isolates from different hospitals and 43 single types (ST1-ST43). Colistin and polymyxin B were the most effective agents against the majority of P. aeruginosa isolates, emphasizing the effort to maintain their antibacterial activity as last-line therapy. The frequency of some virulence factors and genes was noticeably high, which is alarming. In addition, more effective strategies and surveillance are necessary to confine and prevent the inter-hospital and/or intra-hospital dissemination of P. aeruginosa between therapeutic centers. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid intake on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
No full textConjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) are thought to pose beneficial effects on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the net effects of CLA supplementation on various OS parameters and antioxidant enzymes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for publications on CLA supplementation effects on OS parameters up to March 2021. The data extracted from eligible studies were expressed as standardized mean difference with 95 confidence intervals and then combined into meta-analysis using the random-effects model. Overall, 11 RCTs (enrolling 586 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analysis; however, since those trials evaluated different OS parameters, meta-analysis was carried out considering different sets for each parameter separately. According to our results, CLA supplementation significantly increases 8-iso-PGF2α urinary concentration (SMD: 2; 95 CI: 0.74, 3.27; I2 = 87.7). On contrary, the intervention does not seem to change 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α urinary concentration, nor the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA. Taken all together, CLA supplementation does not appear to have substantial effects on OS markers in general; albeit due to relatively small sample size and high level of heterogeneity between studies, the obtained findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large well-designed RCTs, investigating the impact of CLA and including various groups of patients, are still needed. © 2022 Elsevier Inc
Targeted therapy in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Implication from cell and gene therapy to immunotherapy and vaccine
No full textSevere acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus. Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be severe, especially among high risk populations affected of underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 is characterized by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, a hyper inflammatory syndrome, vascular injury, microangiopathy and thrombosis. Antiviral drugs and immune modulating methods has been evaluated. So far, a particular therapeutic option has not been approved for COVID-19 and a variety of treatments have been studied for COVID-19 including, current treatment such as oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, antiviral agents until targeted therapy and vaccines which are diverse in each patient and have various outcomes. According to the findings of different in vitro and in vivo studies, some novel approach such as gene editing, cell based therapy, and immunotherapy may have significant potential in the treatment of COVID-19. Based on these findings, this paper aims to review the different strategies of treatment against COVID-19 and provide a summary from traditional and newer methods in curing COVID-19. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Comparative Study of Surgical Outcomes in Patients with and without COVID-19 Undergoing Emergency Surgery
No full textBackground and purpose: Many studies suggest that surgery in patients with COVID-19 increases the risk of complications and mortality after surgery. The purpose of this research was to compare the frequency of outcomes during and after surgery between patients with and without COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery in Gonbad Kavus hospitals, 2020-2021. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, two groups of adults (n= 114) with and without COVID-19 (group A and group B, respectively) who underwent emergency surgery were examined. Demographic data, laboratory findings, and during and post-operative outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was done in SPSS V26. Results: Average age and weight in group A (45.5 years, 78.3±16.6 Kg, respectively) were found to be higher than those in group B (39.3 years and 67.9±11.5 Kg, respectively). Significant difference was seen in the percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation after operations between group A (94.7±1.38) and group B (91.7±2.83) (P<0.0001). Also, mean ICU and hospital length of stay were significantly longer in group A (8.5 and 9.8 days, respectively) compared with group B (5.4 and 6 days, respectively) (P<0.0001). Moreover, death was observed more in group A (76) than group B (23) (P=0.041). Conclusion: All members of the surgical team are required to pay special attention to the increase in the incidence of complications during and after surgery in patients with COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery in order to take necessary preventive and therapeutic measures. © 2022, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Patients� satisfaction with healthcare services providers and its determinants in the urban family physician program in Iran: A cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: The quality of healthcare services can be determined by patient satisfaction as it affects the performance, sustainability, and durability of health services. This study aims to determine patients� satisfaction with healthcare service providers and its determinants in the urban family physician program in Fars and Mazandaran provinces, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the populations covered by the urban family physician program in Fars and Mazandaran provinces in 2016. In total, 864 households were selected in each province using random cluster sampling. Socio-demographic variables and underlying factors were gathered. Patient satisfaction levels were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Results: Of the 1,480 participants with a mean age of 46.9 ± 14.2 years, 53.3 lived in Fars province and 74.2 were female. Furthermore, 67.9 of the patients were satisfied with their healthcare service providers. A higher satisfaction level was observed among the patients who resided in Fars province, lived in cities with <100,000 residents, walked <10 minutes to the family physician�s office, had a family physician they previously knew, accepted the family physician, had a positive attitude towards the importance of having a family physician and a referral system, and had adequate knowledge of the family physician program. Conclusion: The results indicated that two-thirds of the patients were satisfied with healthcare service providers. Several socio-demographic variables were associated with the patients� satisfaction levels. Improving the family physician program by providing adequate medical equipment and monitoring physicians� performance could increase patient satisfaction and improve the sustainability of the program. © 2022, Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia. All rights reserved
SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Lessons from Viral Infections
No full textSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has a broad clinical spectrum from asymptomatic patients to multiorgan dysfunction and septic shock. Most of the common symptoms of COVID-19 are classified as respiratory disorders, but some reports show neurological involvements. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a case series of neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), were reported. GBS is a neuroimmune disorder with acute inflammatory radicular polyneuropathy in different parts of the peripheral nerve. Some studies have reported GBS as an inflammatory neuropathy related to various viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and Zika virus. There are some immunomodulation approaches for the management of GBS. Studies have evaluated the effects of the various therapeutic approaches, including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange (PE), complement inhibitors, and corticosteroids to regulate overactivation of immune responses during GBS in experimental and clinical studies. In this regard, the possible association between GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the outbreak of the current pandemic and also the mentioned therapeutic approaches were reviewed. Copyright © 2022, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
Parents' experiences of care offered after stillbirth: Available, accessible, acceptable, equitable and effective care
No full textDysregulation of PER3 clock gene and its only pseudogene in colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes
No full textThe period (PER) family genes (PER1, PER2, and PER3) play a fundamental role in regulating the day/night cycle. PER3 has a pseudogene variant, PER3P1 or PER4, whose role and expression pattern is unclear in human health and diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the expression levels of normal PER family members and the PER3P1 pseudogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Blood samples were taken from 50 diabetic patients and analyzed using real-time PCR for quantification of PER3 and PER3P1 expression. Colorectal tumor tissues of 50 individuals were also used to evaluate the expression of PER members. All PER members, including PER3P1, were found to be downregulated in colorectal tumor samples. Blood samples collected from diabetic subjects revealed an opposite expression pattern; both PER3 and its pseudogene were found to be upregulated when compared to the control group. Our results reveal coordination between the expression pattern of PER3P1 and normal PER family genes. Based on our findings and the pathological importance of this pseudogene, it can be suggested that PER3P1 may be one of the key regulators of the molecular clock network and PER family expression. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed by further studies. © 2022. by the Serbian Biological Societ
Association of Interleukin-28B Polymorphisms (rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G, rs8099917 T/G) and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Iranian Population
No full textBACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world. The association of interleukin 28B (IL-28B) polymorphisms and HCC has been investigated in several populations. However, the findings are controversial. This study aimed to address the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and the risk of HCC in an Iranian population. METHODS: We have evaluated the association between IL-28B polymorphisms (rs 8099917 T/G, rs12979860 C/T, rs12980275 A/G) and HCC in 180 Iranian individuals (60 patients with HCC and 120 healthy matched controls) using polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis and also haplotypes were estimated using the SNPstats online software. RESULTS: There was no significant association between these three polymorphisms of IL-28B and HCC (P > 0.05). Moreover, haplotype analysis showed no significant association between the haplotypes and HCC. CONCLUSION: There was no association between IL-28B polymorphisms and HCC in an Iranian population. © 2022 The Author(s)
Correlation of short knee and full-length X-rays in evaluating coronal plane alignment in total knee arthroplasty
No full textBackground: Coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would influence the implant survival. Coronal alignment could be measured on short and full-length X-rays. The goal of the current study was to assess the correlation of short and full-length X-rays to accurate prediction of the true Hip-Knee-Ankle alignment after TKA in the Iranian population. Methods: Lateral distal femoral and medial proximal tibial angles, FTA, HKA, in 180 Iranian patients (243 knees without extra-articular deformities) were measured and compared on short and full-length standing X-rays of primary TKA pre/postoperatively. Results: The correlation between the preoperative FTA-short and FTA-long, FTA-short and HKA, and FTA-long and HKA values in degrees were fair, good and good (r = 0.64) (r = 0.73), (r = 0.76), respectively. This correlation for postoperative aMPTA and mMPTA (r = 0.73), and FTA-short and HKA (r = 0.76) values were good and significant (P = 0.001). Also, assessing coronal alignment based on short and full-length measurements would result in varying pre/postoperative alignments (varus, neutral and valgus). Conclusion: Full length X-rays could not be replaced by short knee X-rays to asses true coronal alignment in TKA; considerable portion of our cases were missorted as varus, neutral or valgus based on the FTA versus the HKA. Intraoperative fixed 5° valgus angle cut of distal femur did not result in postoperative favorable neutral alignment in all cases. Level of evidence: IV. © 2022, The Author(s)