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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle among Iranian population: A multicenter cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Quarantine, an unpleasant experience, was implemented in many countries to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which it could associated whit lifestyle changes. The present study aimed to determine the changes in Iranian's lifestyle during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 2710 Iranian people completed an online researcher-made questionnaire asking lifestyle regarding COVID-19, which includes five sections about physical activity, stress and anxiety, nutrition habit, sleep disorders, and interpersonal relationship in addition to demographic data from January to February 2021, using the multistage cluster sampling method. Results: The participants' mean age was 33.78 ± 11.50 years and 68.3 of them were female. Traveling, sightseeing, and family visits have been eliminated from 91, 83.5, and 77.5 of participants' lives, respectively. There were increase in stress level (P < 0.001), weight of the participants (P < 0.001), sleep problems (P < 0.001), and healthier foods (P < 0.001) but decrease in interpersonal communication (P < 0.001) and the amount of physical activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In summary, this study indicates some changes in lifestyle of Iranian people, including changes in some eating practices, physical activity, social communication, and sleeping habits during the pandemic. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, a comprehensive understanding of these behaviors and habits can help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved
Comparison of the Effects of Salbutamol, Epinephrine, and 5 Inhaled Hypertonic Saline on Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis
No full textBackground: Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract infection and one of the major health concerns and hospitalization factors in infants. Objectives: This study aimed to address inconsistencies in treating this disease. Methods: This study is a double-blind clinical trial investigating the effect of salbutamol, epinephrine, and 5 inhaled hypertonic saline on treating infants with bronchiolitis referred to the Taleghani Pediatrics Hospital in Gorgan, Iran, during 2019 - 2020. The clinical results of the treatments and hospitalization stay were also evaluated. Results: In this study, the study sample encompassed 18 girls and 39 boys. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding age, gender, parental literacy level, and history of allergies. Salbutamol and epinephrine, in comparison to hypertonic saline, were effective in shortening patients� hospital stay (P = 0.004). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the oxygen saturation of in the patients 48 h after treatment in the salbutamol and epinephrine groups compared to the saline group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In comparison to hypertonic saline, salbutamol and epinephrine can be selected to treat children with acute bronchiolitis since they can shorten hospital stay improve O2 saturation, and decrease treatment costs imposed on the health care system and families. © 2022 KOWSAR Medical Publishing Company. All rights reserved
Oncolytic viruses and pancreatic cancer
No full textBackground: Today, the pancreatic cancer prognosis is poor and genetic technology is developing to treat various types of cancers. Scientists are actively looking for a new technique to design a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic cancer. Several oncolytic viruses are known to be valuable tools for pancreatic cancer treatment. Recent Studies demonstrate their effectiveness and safety in various administration routes such as direct intratumoral, intracutaneous, intravascular, and other routes. Method: In this study, all studies conducted in the past 20 years have been reviewed. Reputable scientific databases including Irandoc, Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed, are searched for the keywords of Pancreatic cancer, oncolytic, viruses and treatment and the latest information about them is obtained. Results: Engineering the oncolytic viruses' genome and insertion of intended transgenes including cytokines or shRNAs, has caused promising promotions in pancreatic cancer treatment. Some oncolytic viruses inhibit tumors directly and some through activation of immune responses. Conclusion: This approach showed some signs of success in efficiency like immune system activation in the tumor environment, effective virus targeting in the tumor cells by systemic administration, and enhanced patient survival in comparison with the control group. But of course, until now, using these oncolytic viruses alone has not been effective in elimination of tumors. © 202
Targeting Nrf2 in ischemia-reperfusion alleviation: From signaling networks to therapeutic targeting
No full textThe nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of redox balance and it responds to various cell stresses that oxidative stress is the most well-known one. The Nrf2 should undergo nuclear translocation to exert its protective impacts and decrease ROS production. On the other hand, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological event resulting from low blood flow to an organ and followed by reperfusion. The I/R induces cell injury and organ dysfunction. The present review focuses on Nrf2 function in alleviation of I/R injury. Stimulating of Nrf2 signaling ameliorates I/R injury in various organs including lung, liver, brain, testis and heart. The Nrf2 enhances activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce ROS production and prevent oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Besides, Nrf2 reduces inflammation via decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Nrf2 signaling is beneficial in preventing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Nrf2 induces autophagy to prevent apoptosis during I/R injury. Furthermore, it can interact with other molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, miRNAs, lncRNAs and GSK-3β among others, to ameliorate I/R injury. The therapeutic agents, most of them are phytochemicals such as resveratrol, berberine and curcumin, induce Nrf2 signaling in I/R injury alleviation. © 202
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) as a promising diagnostic approach for COVID-19
No full textConsistency assessment between summer simmer index and other heat stress indices (WBGT and Humidex) in Iran's climates
No full textThis study aimed to assess the applicability of summer simmer index (SSI) in different climates of Iran and compare it with other common heat stress indices including WBGT and Humidex. The daily mean air temperature and relative humidity were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Iran for the 60-year period between 1957 and 2016. Statistical tests including Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression tests were used to consistency assessment between Summer Simmer Index and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and Humidex indices. The results of the present study showed that the SSI is significantly correlated with both WBGT and Humidex indices (R2 > 0.932, p < 0.001). In addition, the obtained correlation between SSI and Humidex was higher than correlation between SSI and WBGT in all the climates. Moreover, SSI in the Mediterranean region shows less correlation with both WBGT and Humidex indices (R2 = 0.932 and 0.964 for WBGT and Humidex, respectively). The highly correlation coefficients were observed between SSI and WBGT and Humidex indices, and also between SSI and other environmental parameters; moreover interpreting of SSI is easy, so it can be suggested that SSI can be used as an alternative index for WBGT or Humidex in assessment of heat stress in different climates of Iran. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Relationship between health status and loneliness among Kazak older adults in Iran: A cross-sectional study on their sense of loneliness
No full textLoneliness of the older adults is defined as their inability to establish, and maintain satisfying relationships with others and is a widespread phenomenon, and associated with poor health status. The study aimed to investigate loneliness in Iranian older Kazaks, and its relationship with their health status. This is a descriptive-analytical investigation conducted among 234 Iranian older Kazaks selected through convenience sampling in 2020. Data collection tools included demographic, and health information questionnaires, and 21-items Loneliness Scale. The mean score of loneliness was 51.77 (SD = 6.113), and its cut-off point was 44.5. Health index had a significant and inverse relationship with loneliness (OR = 2.347, P = 0.001). Living alone, hypertension, and gender (OR = 5.034, 4.107, and 4.099, respectively) were the predictors of loneliness. In addition, general health and living alone showed significant relationship with loneliness. Providing conditions to Kazaks ethnic minority was suggested to keep them active in the community. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
The Concentration of Radionuclides (Lead-210, Polonium-210, and Cesium-137) in the Muscle of Sardine Fish: a Global Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Exposure Assessment
No full textWith the increasing use of nuclear technology, concerns about the contamination of water resources with radionuclides and the contamination of seafood are increasing. In the current investigation, a meta-analysis and exposure assessment regarding the concentration of radionuclides, including lead-210 (Pb-210), polonium -210 (Po-210), and cesium-137 (Cs-137) in the muscle of Sardin fish were conducted. In this regard, some databases including Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve papers on the concentration of radionuclides in the muscle of Sardin fish from January 2000 to 25 June 2021. The used keywords were polonium-210, natural radioactivity, lead-210, radiocesium, cesium-137, radionuclides, radium-226, seafood, marine foods, fish, sardine fish, sardinella longiceps, and Clupeidae. Also, effective dose (ED) was calculated to estimate carcinogenic risk in Sardine fish consumers. The rank order of radionuclides in the muscle of sardine fish was Po-210 (31.50 Bq/kg) > Pb-210 (3.34 Bq/kg) > Cs-137 (0.48 Bq/kg). Based on level of Pb-210 rank of countries was France (12.00 Bq/kg) > India (4.06 Bq/kg) > Turkey (3.29 Bq/kg) > Spain (1.00 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (0.55 Bq/kg); Po-210 was Turkey (74.96 Bq/kg) > Spain (48.00 Bq/kg) > France (31.500 Bq/kg > India (30.25 Bq/kg) > Slovenia (25.00 Bq/kg) > Kuwait (7.28 Bq/kg) and also, Cs-137 was Japan (1.22 Bq/kg) > Croatia (0.18 Bq/kg) > India (0.23 Bq/kg). The lowest and highest ED of 210Po was observed in Kuwait (5.10E-04 msv/y, female) and France (3.14E-01, male); Pb-210, Slovenia (7.24E-05 msv/y, male) and France (1.48E-02 msv/y, female), and Cs-137, Croatia (8.47E-08 msv/y, male) and Japan (2.54E-05 msv/y, female), respectively. The risk assessment shows that the exposed population are at an acceptable range of risk (H < 1 mSv/y). © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
The effect of vitamin D on GATA3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in allergic asthma
No full textIntroduction: Asthma is becoming a major health problem in many countries. Immune responses in allergic asthma, as the most prevalent asthmatic phenotype, are mediated mostly by a subtype of T lymphocytes referred to as the effector lineage of Type 2 Th cells (Th2). The development of Th2 cells is mainly governed by a zinc finger transcription factor, i.e., GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). Allergic asthma is a complex disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been named as a non-genetic risk factor for its development. Vitamin D, a steroid hormone belonging to the family of nuclear receptors, has shown significant immunosuppres-sive effects in previous studies. Material and methods: In this study, given its immunomodulatory properties, we aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of vitamin D on GATA3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including Th2 cells, and compare GATA3 expression levels between PBMCs taken from allergic asthmatic patients and healthy controls. Results: The total sample size was 40 and the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) procedure was applied to assess the mRNA expression levels of GATA3 in different groups. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the expression of GATA3 in PBMCs taken from patients with allergic asthma is lower than in that from healthy controls. In addition, in the control group, cells co-cultured with vitamin D had a significantly increased GATA3 expression. However, in the patient group, such an increase was only observed in cells treated with 10-7M-vitamin D. By contrast, incubation with vitamin D at the concentration of 10-6 M slightly decreased the expression of GATA3 among patients. Conclusion: In summary, it is likely that vitamin D should regulate GATA3 gene expression in the PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The impacts of this steroid hormone can also differ between the status of health and allergic asthma in either extent or direction. © 2022 PTChP
Live-attenuated poliovirus-induced extrinsic apoptosis through Caspase 8 within breast cancer cell lines expressing CD155
No full textIntroduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. Different therapeutic strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery have been used either individually or in combination. Oncolytic virotherapy is a rising treatment methodology, which utilizes replicating viruses to eliminate tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the oncolytic activity of live-attenuated poliovirus in breast cancer cell lines. Materials and methods: The CD155 expression level in two human breast cancer cell lines and a normal breast cell line were evaluated using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Virus titration was assessed by TCID50. The cytotoxicity of poliovirus on cell line and apoptosis response was investigated by MTT and Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 ELISA kits, respectively. Results: This study showed that CD155 gene was expressed significantly (p = 0.001) higher in both human breast cancer cell lines compared to the normal cell line. The protein expression level of CD155 was 98.1, 96.7, in MDAMB231 and MCF₇ cell lines, respectively, whereas the CD155 expression level was 1.3 in MCF10A. The cytopathic effect of poliovirus in breast cancer cell lines was significantly higher than normal cells (p < 0.05). Extrinsic apoptosis response was more effective than intrinsic apoptosis in both breast cancer cell lines (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, administration of live-attenuated poliovirus can be a promising treatment to breast cancer. However, in vitro and in vivo studies will be required to evaluate the safety of this strategy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Breast Cancer Society