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Pollen morphology of some taxa of Thlaspi L. sensu lato (Brassicaceae) from Turkey,and its taxonomical importance
No full textIn this study, the pollen morphology of 22 Turkish taxa (12 of which are endemic) of the taxonomically complex genus Thlaspi L. sensu lato was studied with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the pollen of Thlaspi are usually bilateral symmetric and anisopolar. They are prolate, subprolate, perprolate or spheroidal, with the polar axis ranging from 14.13 to 28.36 mm and equatorial axis from 8.75 to 19.48 mm. Pollen are usually tricolpate, but some of them are 1–2- or 4-colpate. The ornamentation of pollen of the examined taxa is usually micro or macro reticulate, and rarely foveolate. The exine thickness ranges from 1.59 to 2.75 mm, and the intine thickness from 0.54 to 0.94 mm. As a result of this study, some of the pollen characters such as the sizes of pollen and colpus, ornamentation of exine, apocolpidium, and shape and diameter of amb are found to be significant morphological characters for taxonomic use.This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
of Istanbul University [Project number 24390
Beyaz perdedeki kristal yalnızlık
No full textSinema, hayatın farklı yönlerini izleyiciye aktaran büyülü bir sanat dalıdır. İnanç ise sinemanın vazgeçilmez temasıdır. O, her dönemde kristal bir yalnızlık olarak beyaz perdeye yansır. Bu doğrultuda kitapta karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşımla inancın edebiyat, sosyoloji, psikoloji ve dinler tarihi çerçevesinde sinemadaki izdüşümü ele alınmaktadır.
Dostoyevski, Dede Korkut, Bergman, Dreyer ve Lynch yapıtlarıyla çalışmaya konu olan önemli kişilerdir. Onların yazınsal ve görsel sanat dallarındaki yapıtlarında, inancın bireyde metcezir gibi sancılı gidiş gelişi vardır. İnanç, bu yapıtlar aracılığıyla beyaz perdede bazen şiirsel bir imge bazen de çarmıha gerilen bir sembol olarak ifade bulur. Farklı disiplinler çerçevesinde sinemada inanca bakış, modern dünyanın kalbi yorgun insanı için yeni bir soluklanma olabilir. Dolayısıyla bu metin, kristal yalnızlığı yalın dinginliğe dönüştürme umudunu taşıyanlar için kaleme alınmıştır
Effects of Ontogenetic Variability on Yield of Some Labiatae Family (Mentha spicata L., Origanum onites L., Melissa officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) Plants
No full textBu çalışmada, Labiatae familyasına ait bazı bitkiler (Mentha spicata L., Origanum onites L., Melissa officinalis L. ve Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)’de ontogenetik varyabilitenin verim üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Bafra Ovası koşullarında iki yıl süre ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, üç farklı hasat dönemi (Çiçeklenme öncesi, % 50 çiçeklenme ve % 100 çiçeklenme) araştırma konusu olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre bitki boyu değerleri, M. spicata, O. onites, L. angustifolia ve M. officinalis bitkilerinde sırasıyla 47.50-103.67
cm, 25.00-49.47 cm, 30.00-40.60 ve 56.90-96.60 cm arasında değişiklik göstermiş olup; M. spicata’da % 50, diğer bitkilerde ise tam çiçeklenme devrelerinde en yüksek değerler ölçülmüştür. Hasat devreleri; incelenen tüm bitkilerde taze herba, drog herba ve uçucu yağ verimini, M. spicata, O. onites ve M. officinalis türlerinde drog yaprak verimini, L. angustifolia’da drog çiçek verimini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede etkilemiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; M. spicata ve M. officinalis bitkilerinin % 50 çiçeklenme döneminde, L. angustifolia ve O. onites bitkilerinin de % 100 çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilmesi önerilmektedir
DETERMINATION OF ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY FROM HATAY PROVINCE
No full textAs there was no related research for the Hatay province, this study aimed at determining the energy efficiency of cotton production in that area.This study aimed at determining the energy efficiency of cotton production in the Hatay region of Turkey. Data were gathered in the sea-son of 2016-2017 from 136 enterprises which were chosen by the Simple Random Sampling Method. In order to determine the energy efficiency of cotton, data provided by farmers were utilized. The energy input and output in cotton production were calculated as 57134.25 MJ ha-1 and 63270.54 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy inputs consist of; electrical by 20914.02 MJ ha-1 (36.61%), chemical fertilizer by 15466.06 MJ ha-1 (27.07%), diesel fuel by 13828.61 (24.20%), irrigation by 4378.50 MJ ha-1 (7.66%), machinery by 1136.59 MJ ha-1 (1.99%), chemical by 830.85 MJ ha-1 (1.45%), seed energy by 311.99 MJ ha-1 (0.55%), and human labour by 267.62 MJ ha-1 (0.47%). Energy in cotton production could be classified as 68.94% direct, 31.06% indirect, 8.67% renewable, and 91.33% non-renewable. Energy efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy in cotton production were calculated as 1.11, 10.66 MJ kg-1, 0.09 kg MJ-1, and 6136.29 MJ ha-1.This study was funded by the Hatay Musta-fa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No: 16322)
SİİRT EKOLOJİK KOŞULLARINDA FARKLI SIRA ÜZERİ MESAFELERİNİN ADAÇAYINDA (Salvia officinalis L.) BAZI KALİTE KRİTERLERİNE VE UÇUCU YAĞ KOMPOZİSYONUNA ETKİSİ
No full textTıbbi adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) bitkisinin materyal olarak kullanıldığı bu araştırma 2018 yılında Siirt ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Adaçayında farklı sıra üzeri mesafelerinin uygulandığı deneme; Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Deneme sıra arası mesafe 70 cm, sıra üzeri mesafeler 20, 30, 40, 50 ve 60 cm olarak denenmiştir. Araştırmada, bitki boyu (cm), dal sayısı (adet), yaprak boyu (cm), yaprak eni (cm), gövde kalınlığı (cm), uçucu yağ oranı (%) ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri incelenmiştir.
Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, sıra üzeri mesafesinin yaprak uzunluğu, yaprak eni ve gövde kalınlığı üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmazken, bitki boyu, dal sayısı, uçucu yağ oranı üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre en yüksek bitki boyu 36,49 cm ile 20 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden, en düşük bitki boyu ise 28,32 cm ile 50 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden alınmıştır. En yüksek dal sayısı 7,62 adet ile 60 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden, en düşük dal sayısı 5,50 adet ile 40 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden elde edilmiştir. En yüksek uçucu yağ oranı % 1,15 ile 20 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden, en düşük uçucu yağ oranı % 0,86 ile 60 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden alınmıştır. Ayrıca sıra üzeri mesafeleri arttıkça uçucu yağ oranlarında azalma meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Başlıca uçucu yağ bileşenleri ise; á-Thujon, Camphor, 1,8-Cineole, Endo-Borneol, l-Limonene, Bornylacetate, Epiglobulol, trans-Caryophyllene, à- Caryophyllene, á-Myrcene ve à-Terpenine olarak bulunmuştur.ÖN SÖZ iii
İÇİNDEKİLER iv
ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ vii
KISALTMALAR VE SİMGELERLİSTESİ viii
ÖZET ix
1. GİRİŞ 1
2. LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI 5
3. MATERYAL VE METOT 11
3.1. Materyal 11
3.1.1. Araştırma yeri 11
3.1.2. Araştırma yerinin iklim özellikleri 11
3.1.3. Araştırma yerinin toprak özellikleri 12
3.1.4. Bitki materyali 13
3.2. Metot 13
3.2.1. Deneme deseni 13
3.2.2. Kültürel işlemler 14
3.2.2.1.Bakım işlemleri 14
3.2.2.2. Hasat 15
3.2.3. Verilerin elde edilmesi ve incelenen özellikler 15
3.2.3.1. Agronomik ve morfolojik veriler 16
a) Bitki Uzunluğu (cm): 16
b) Dal Sayısı (adet/bitki): 16
c) Yaprak boyu (cm): 16
d) Yaprak Eni (cm): 16
e) Gövde Kalınlığı (cm): 17
3.2.3.2. Teknolojik veriler 17
a) Uçucu Yağ Oranı: 17
b) Uçucu Yağ Bileşenleri: 18
3.2.4. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi 19
4. BULGULAR VE TARTIŞMA 20
4.1. Morfolojik Verilere Ait Bulgular 20
4.1.1. Bitki boyu (cm) 20
4.1.2.Dal sayısı (adet/bitki): 21
4.1.3.Yaprak Uzunluğu(cm): 22
4.1.4.Yaprak eni (cm): 23
4.1.5.Gövde kalınlığı (cm): 24
4.2. Teknolojik Verilere Ait Bulgular 25
4.2.1.Uçucu yağ oranı (%): 25
4.2.2. Uçucu yağ bileşenleri (%) 27
SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER 30
5.1. Sonuçlar 30
5.2. Öneriler 31
6. KAYNAKLAR 3
Application of simplex lattice mixture design for optimization of sucrose-free milk chocolate produced in a ball mill
No full textThe aim of this study was to define optimal conditions by using Simplex lattice mixture design for the for- mulation of sucrose-free chocolate produced in a ball mill. Milk chocolate mass were made using three different polyols including maltitol, xylitol and isomalt along with Stevia as high potency sweetener. The influences of polyols mixtures as sucrose substitutes on rheological properties and main physical quality parameters were investigated. According to the results, the fitted models demonstrated a high coefficient of determination (≥93%). The optimization of the variables illustrated that utilizing 11.16% w/w maltitol, 8.9% w/w xylitol and 12.93% w/w isomalt produced the optimum milk chocolate with the highest desirability (1.00) without un- wanted variations in the rheological and quality characteristics. Also the optimum formulation was produced to validate the optimum model. The sensory analysis of the optimized formulation satisfied the consumer demand
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO PRODUCTION IN TURKEY: A CASE OF SİİRT PROVINCE
No full textGreenhouse cultivation is one of the most important income generating branches of agricul-ture. The aim of this study is to do an analyze on energy efficiency of greenhouse tomato produc-tion in the season of 2018 in Siirt province and its sub-districts of Turkey. The energy input and output in greenhouse tomato production has been calculated as 104915.10 MJ ha-1 and 128000 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy inputs consist of 33.39% (35030 MJ ha-1) chemical fertilizer energy, 19.24% (20184.08 MJ ha-1) human labor energy, 12.81% (13440 MJ ha-1) irrigation energy, 10.20% (10698.90 MJ ha-1) diesel fuel energy, 7.63% (80002.80 MJ ha-1) machinery energy, 6.75% (7084 MJ ha-1) chemi-cals energy, 1.41% (1475.20 MJ ha-1) transpor-tation energy and 0.01% (0.10 MJ ha-1) seed energy. Energy efficiency, specific energy, ener-gy productivity and net energy in greenhouse tomato production has been computed as 1.22, 0.66 MJ kg-1, 1.53 kg MJ-1 and 23084.92 MJ ha-1, respectively
The effects of different planting times and vermicompost applications on the flowering of the hyacinth (hyacinthus orientalis "fondant") growing in the siirt ecological conditions
No full textIn this study, Hyacinthus orientalis “Fondant” bulbs grown in Siirt ecological conditions were planted in 2016 at 15 days each between 14 November (1PT), 01 December (2PT) and 16 December (3PT). The study was carried out with 3 replications according to the “randomized block test design” in the experimental area of the Siirt University Faculty of Agriculture. Earthworm fertilizer (V) (vermicompost) were applied to the planting pits of the bulbs planted at different planting times with 100 g/bulb In addition, control plots (C) which are not fertilized were formed. In the course of phenological and morphological observations, as a result of interactions of planting time and fertilizer application, the lowest and the highest average values were obtained, respectively, between 101.923- 134.213 days for first flowering time (3PTxC-1PTxV), 103.103-135.766 days for a full flowering time (3PTxC- 1PTxV), 104.843-137.670 days for harvest time (3PTxC-1PTxV), 99.613-106.223 mm for flower height (2PTxV-1PTxV), 50.433-58.970 mm for flower width (2PTxC-3PTxV), 17.366-185.10 mm for floret length (1PTxV-2PTxV), 22.393-27.546 mm for floret width (1PTxC-3PTxC). Among these mean values, only the difference between mean length of floret was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01); when the planting times were taken into consideration, the difference between the average width of the flower (p<0.05) with all the flowering durations and the floret width (p<0.01) were statistically significant. The difference between the parameters of the planting time and the parameters of control and vermicompost applications were not statistically significant. As a result, the planting time interval for hyacinth plants was not determinative for the parameters examined. Regardless of the date of planting, bulbs were bloomed at approximately the same time. It is obvious that late planting time will be advantageous for irrigation and other maintenance
İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Sınav Türü Tercihlerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
No full textPurpose: Many teachers make assessment and
evaluation without taking into account the
preferences of the students. However, for a qualified
assessment and evaluation activity, it is very
important to take into account the individual
differences, individual needs, and choice of exam
types when determining the type of exam. This study
seekeds to determine examination-type preferences
of 4th grade primary school students and whether
these differed depending on gender, and the location
of the school, and to reveal the reasons of students’
preferences related to examination types. Methods: The study group of this relational research model was composed of 208 4th grade
students. Convenience sampling was used to determine the study group. In this study,
“Examination-Type Preference Questionnaire” was used to determine the examination types
preferred by students while “Interview Form” was employed to find out the causes of their
examination-type preferences. To collect the data of the study, quantitative and qualitative
research methods were applied.
Findings: It was determined that students preferred multiple choice tests most whereas they
preferred written examinations least. It was also determined that there was no significant
relationship between examination types preferred and gender of students, and location of the
school.
Implications for Research and Practice: Studies that will make use of other variables should
be carried out related to examination-type preferences. In addition, a similar study on a larger
sample can be used to determine alternative assessment and assessment competencies of
classroom teachers