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Anticancer properties of phenylboronic acid in androgen-dependent (lncap) and androgen-independent (pc3) prostate cancer cells via map kinases by 2d and 3d culture methods
No full textObjective: This study utilized three cell lines: normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1, androgen-dependent LNCaP, and androgen-independent PC3. We investigated the inhibitory effects of phenylboronic acid (PBA)’s inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation due to its ability to disrupt microtubule formation in prostate cancer cell lines. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of PBA on prostate cancer cells using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Methods: The IC50 values of PBA and colchicine were determined through viability assays in 2D and 3D models. Colony formation, proliferation, and migration assays were conducted. Immunofluorescence intensity analysis of MAPKKK proteins (ERK, JNK, p38) was performed to explore the mechanism of cellular response to PBA. Results: The IC50 values were determined for each treatment group. After 48-hour of PBA treatment, migration was inhibited more effectively than with colchicine in both cancer cell lines. After 24-hour, PBA reduced colony formation and proliferation. PBA treatment for 24-hour decreased JNK expression in PC3 and LNCaP cells in 2D models. Both PBA and colchicine increased p38 expression in PC3 spheroids. PBA’s effects on cell deformation were visualized in semi-thin sections, marking the first ultrastructural observation of PBA-induced morphological defects in cancer cells. Conclusion: PBA exerts antimitotic effects by inhibiting proliferation and migration and triggers diverse metabolic responses across different cell lines. Furthermore, PBA’s low toxicity on RWPE-1 cells suggests its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for future studies.Istanbul Medipol University Scientific Research Projec
Homozygous astn1 nonsense variant linked to epileptic encephalopathy: a detailed report with unique clinical presentation
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The future of surgical diagnostics artificial intelligence-enhanced detection of ganglion cells for hirschsprung disease
No full textHirschsprung disease, a congenital disease characterized by the absence of ganglion cells, presents significant surgical challenges. Addressing a critical gap in intraoperative diagnostics, we introduce transformative artificial intelligence approach that significantly enhances the detection of ganglion cells in frozen sections. The data set comprises 366 frozen and 302 formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides obtained from 164 patients from 3 centers. The ganglion cells were annotated on the whole-slide images (WSIs) using bounding boxes. Tissue regions within WSIs were segmented and split into patches of 2000 × 2000 pixels. A deep learning pipeline utilizing ResNet-50 model for feature extraction and gradient-weighted class activation mapping algorithm to generate heatmaps for ganglion cell localization was employed. The binary classification performance of the model was evaluated on independent test cohorts. In the multireader study, 10 pathologists assessed 50 frozen WSIs, with 25 slides containing ganglion cells, and 25 slides without. In the first phase of the study, pathologists evaluated the slides as a routine practice. After a 2-week washout period, pathologists re-evaluated the same WSIs along with the 4 patches with the highest probability of containing ganglion cells. The proposed deep learning approach achieved an accuracy of 91.3%, 92.8%, and 90.1% in detecting ganglion cells within WSIs in the test data set obtained from centers. In the reader study, on average, the pathologists' diagnostic accuracy increased from 77% to 85.8% with the model's heatmap support, whereas the diagnosis time decreased from an average of 139.7 to 70.5 seconds. Notably, when applied in real-world settings with a group of pathologists, our model's integration brought about substantial improvement in diagnosis precision and reduced the time required for diagnoses by half. This notable advance in artificial intelligence–driven diagnostics not only sets a new standard for surgical decision making in Hirschsprung disease but also creates opportunities for its wider implementation in various clinical settings, highlighting its pivotal role in enhancing the efficacy and accuracy of frozen sections analyses.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) ; Turkish Directorate of Strategy and Budget, Turke
Evaluation of perilipin expression in centrifuged fat grafts on different revolutions per minute and duration combinations
No full textFat graft applications are one of the most frequently used procedures in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Fat graft survival rate is variable and depends on many parameters. Those are the features of recipient area, method of obtaining the fat graft, the procedures applied to the harvest to get pure fat graft and the application techniques. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal revolutions per minute(rpm) and duration to be used in the centrifugation technique, which is one of the most frequently used methods in fat grafting. In our study, we used perilipin protein as a survival marker. Liposuction samples were obtained from 10 Caucasian women individuals; whose age range is between 22 and 29 years without any other reported health problem. Fat grafts from all patients were taken by the same surgical team by the same liposuction procedure. The grafts obtained in our study were divided into 6 different groups, these are A1 group (1 minute–1000 rpm) A2 group (3 minutes–1000 rpm) A3 group (5 minutes–1000 rpm) B1 group (1 minute–3000 rpm) B2 group (3 minutes–3000 rpm) and B3 group (5 minutes–3000 rpm). Perilipin expression measurements were made in the sections taken by immunohistochemistry technique. Three minutes–3000 rpm combination (B2 group) was found to be perilipin stained statistically significantly higher than other combinations. This study seeks to make a notable contribution to the literature by demonstrating the relation between frequently used centrifuge combinations and measuring the expression of perilipin. This protein’s role in adipocyte regulation is becoming increasingly apparent. Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266
Is there a difference in outcomes between collared and noncollared uncemented femoral stems in primary total hip arthroplasty?
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Evaluation of the microbial contamination of the audiological diagnostic equipment and their current disinfection techniques
No full textBackground: The study aims to investigate the microbial contamination of commonly used audiological diagnostic equipment and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing disinfection methods in audiological clinics. Methods: Hospitals with fully equipped audiology clinics in Istanbul were included in the study. Various audiological diagnostic devices and disinfection practices in hospitals were examined. A total of 60 swab samples were collected from the stimulus button on the audiometer, patient response switch, supra-aural headphone cushion, bone conduction headphone, and disinfected probe tips used in the Tympanometer and Auditory Brainstem Response. Results: Bacterial growth was observed on 40% of the analyzed plates, with 11.66% showing 2 different types of bacterial growth. Staphylococcaceae family were the most common bacteria identified. Other bacteria included Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea spp., Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. The highest bacterial growth occurred on the supra-aural headphone cushion and bone vibrator. Conclusions: The study highlights the presence of various bacteria on audiological diagnostic equipment, emphasizing Staphylococcus species as predominant. Current disinfection practices, particularly for supra-aural headphones and bone vibrators, were found to be inadequate, potentially posing risks for infections. The study suggests the need for disinfection protocols, particularly for frequently touched devices, to ensure patient safety in clinics
The effect of using perioperative platelet-rich plasma on wound healing rate and prevention of salivary fistula formation in patients undergoing partial parotidectomy
No full textObjectives: This study aims to examine the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which increases new connective tissue synthesis and revascularisation, on healing in parotid surgery wounds, prevention of salivary fistula formation, drain removal time and hospitalisation in the postoperative period. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients who had an operation on partial parotidectomy were randomised, and then two groups were created. PRP was obtained by centrifuging the blood taken from the patients in the study group at the end of the surgery. This obtained PRP was injected into the surgical site, and then the wound flap was closed by suturing. Patients were evaluated for parameters such as the development of salivary fistula, duration of drain removal, discharge time and all other complications during the postoperative 4 weeks. Results: Drain removal and discharge times of the PRP group cases were statistically shorter than those in the control group. The rate of development of a salivary fistula was remarkably high in the control group, but it was not statistically significant. A statistically significant correlation was found between the location of the compared tumour, the volume of material removed and the incidence of all complications. Conclusions: PRP reduced the duration of drain removal and discharge times for those who had an operation on partial parotidectomy. Thus, the decreased discharge time provides both reduced health costs and reduced risk of developing nosocomial infections. Although it was not statistically significant, a significant difference was observed in the rates of salivary fistula development
Unclear symptoms, early diagnosis and perfect outcome: a case diagnosed as sepiapterin reductase deficiency hidden behind vitamin B12 deficiency
No full textObjectives: Sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD) is a rare dopa-sensitive neurotransmitter disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the sepiapterin reductase gene. The triad of paroxysmal stiffening, oculogyric crises, and hypotonia are highly suggestive in some patients. However, in other patients, the clinical picture may be nonspecific and remain under-recognized and misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. Case presentation: We present a nine-month-old boy who initially presented with hypotonia and developmental delay, diagnosed as vitamin B12 deficiency. Upon he did not respond to vitamin replacement treatment, he was diagnosed with SRD by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The boy improved dramatically under treatment with L-dopa, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and BH4. Conclusions: We aim to emphasize that SRD can present with nonspecific symptoms, leading to a diagnostic delay for this rare but treatable disease. Moreover, our case is the first to demonstrate the clinical benefit of BH4 add-on treatment. Early intervention is crucial for good outcome and neurodevelopment
Dispersive solid phase extraction and quadruple isotope dilution-mass spectrometry combination for the accurate and sensitive quantification of capsaicin in pepper, domestic wastewater and human saliva samples by gc-ms system
No full textIn the presented study, reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 (rGO/Fe3O4) nanocomposites based dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) – gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for the determination of capsaicin in domestic wastewater (DW), pepper (PP) and human saliva (HS) samples. All important parameters of the DSPE method affected the preconcentration factor were carefully optimized to achieve high signal to noise ratio for the analyte. After the optimization studies, the system analytical performance of DSPE-GC–MS system was evaluated using the aqueous standard solution of capsaicin. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and dynamic range were figured out to be 0.54 µg/kg, 1.80 µg/kg and 2.66 – 487.35 µg/kg, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, recovery studies were conducted with the spiked DW, PP and HS samples, and percent recovery results were recorded between 52.6 % and 183.6 % via matrix matching calibration strategy. After the implementation of ID4 strategy, percent recovery results for the spiked DW, PP and HS samples were calculated as 98.2 %–99.3 %, 99.7 %–100.7 % and 99.4 %–99.8 %, respectively. In addition, capsaicin content in Sivri (S)-PP, Kıl (K)-PP and Samandağ (SA)-PP samples were found to be 309.5 ± 11.8 mg/kg, 873.7 ± 26.7 mg/kg and 165.3 ± 5.1 mg/kg via DSPE-GC-ID4-MS method, respectively. As a result, the combination of quadruple isotope dilution (ID4) strategy and the DSPE-GC–MS method were successfully performed to boost the accuracy and precision of developed DSPE-GC–MS method.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK
