Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
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The School Superintendency: Male Bastion or Equal Opportunity?
Get PDFThe state of Washington provides a model for many states where female participation in the superintendency remains at much lower levels. But what kind of model is it
The Role of Education in Entrepreneurship: Two Canadian Stories
Get PDFThe role that education and training plays in entrepreneurial success is one that is subject to lively debates in the literature. In the first half of this paper, we explore the essence of this debate, with a particular focus on women entrepreneurs in Canada. In the second half of the paper, we tell the stories of these two Canadian entrepreneurs who have started technology-based businesses and were participants in a unique Canadian non-profit educational enterprise, Shad Valley Centre for Creative Technology. The stories of these two successful entrepreneurs - Thelma Zee, who started a freelance web design business while she was still in high school, and Jennifer Corriero, who started a now world-renowned non-profit organization for youth - aim to shed light on the role they see for education in entrepreneurship. Our cases suggest that personal characteristics are important — persistence, self-confidence, initiative, creative thinking, and as Thelma said, a certain kind of intelligence that isn\u27t really about being "book-smart," although it often includes that too. Our research also asked the question, "Is learning important?"Traditional formal education plays a relatively small role in these two cases and the others that we have gathered through our study. Based on our research, we would argue this reflects the relatively low importance of formal education as specific preparation for entrepreneurship for women. In our stories, the informal learning that young people receive from family and friends was important. Furthermore, participation in the Shad Valley program - its intensity, level of challenge, and focus on experiential and applied learning — played a key role in inspiring these women to take on the entrepreneurial initiatives
Gender Barriers of Women Striving for a Corporate Officer Position: A Literature Review
Get PDFLiterature examined from the past 30 years discovered that even though gender issues have received a great deal of attention, little research has been conducted on gender barriers and disparities in the corporate suite (Agars, 2004). Through examination of this literature, it became evident that women and men are not equally represented, and Agars (2004) wondered whether gender discrimination is a primary cause. Women have made tremendous breakthroughs within middle management but a lack of progress has been seen in obtaining corporate officer positions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive literature review regarding the gender barriers that are applied to females who strive for a corporate officer position
Some Ethiopian Women Leaders\u27 Perceptions about Their Leadership
Get PDFThis research aimed at exploring the perceptions of women leaders on their performance on three key areas of leadership - on ten leadership qualities, type of power they use and their leadership performance - as perceived and assessed by the leaders themselves. A total of 45 women leaders 15 each from public, NGO and private sectors participated in the study. Two questionnaires were distributed each consisting of two parts. The first part solicited information, among others, about a participant\u27s organization, position in and number of years in the organization as well as years in current position, educational level and whether or not she has participated in leadership training programs. The second part of the questionnaire contained three sets of questions on the three key leadership areas. The findings of the study show that with minor differences among them, private sector leaders seem to possess the ten leadership qualities better than and followed by NGO and public sector leaders. Both in terms of individual and group performance, NGO leaders seem to use power of the person to the highest degree followed by private sector leaders and last come public sector leaders. NGO leader seem to be more able to work with and through other people (Stateswomanship) followed by both private and public sector leaders. The overall average performance rating for all sectors in the three performance types puts NGO women leaders at the top followed by private and public sector leaders. The overall findings indicate that the relatively higher performance of women sectoral leaders in the study could be attributed to their corresponding high levels of educational qualification, over all work experience and experience in leadership positions, and training on leadership
Gender Differences of Perceived Leadership Skills Among Saudi Students
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine female participation in Saudi labor market as leaders. The leadership skills with whichstudents in Saudi universities and colleges can how educational institutions make their students career ready. However,considering the low female participation in the Saudi labor market, exploring the gender differences in leadership skills isequally crucial as the leadership skills acquired in higher education institution can significantly influence employmentopportunities. In addition, the gender differences in perceived leadership skills is the fact that the social roles assigned to womenin Saudi society bear great significance on how they perceive their skills, which will be discussed further in the discussionportion of this paper
The Gender Shift in Enrollment Patterns in Higher Education: A Case Study of a School Administration Program
Get PDFRecent trends in higher education suggest that there are more women than men enrolled and that more degrees are being conferred to women across all levels at the associate, bachelor\u27s, master\u27s, and the doctorate levels (Hussar &Bailey, 2011; Wang & Parker, 2011). I offer theoretical perspectives about the rapid growing female enrollment in higher education, arguing that it is a major force in shifting college student demographics. The conclusions are based on an investigation of student enrollment patterns in a school administration program at a large comprehensive university in southeastern United States from 2000 through 2011. The results revealed that in this program, females outnumbered males by 2:1. Chi-square tests revealed statistically significant gender differences in enrollment patterns across age, semester, academic year, type of program, and type of campus. A further test using logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings. These results mirrored national trends where females now outnumbered males in higher education
When Women Educators are Commuters in Commuter Marriages
Get PDF"How difficult for [women], then, to achieve a balance in the midst of these contradictory tensions, and yet how necessary for the proper functioning of our lives." (Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gifts from the Sea in Exley, 1996).
She put down the telephone and shouted with glee! The dream job she had always wanted was hers. Just 40, with a new Ph.D. degree hanging on her wall, she was now officially a university professor. The new job was located 3 1/2 hours away from her home and she and her husband who owned a small business had already discussed how she would rent a small apartment and work there four days out of the week and drive back to their home for a long weekend each week. He had already committed to going to all of their oldest son\u27s soccer games since, as a senior, this was his last year to play soccer before going away to university. Their middle schooler was oblivious to just about everything, but she knew her husband\u27s job allowed him to be flexible enough to be around when he was needed. This was May 20.
On July 8, she arrived at the university, unpacked in the small, furnished apartment, and went to her new office. She had a great week teaching. On Friday, she drove home to be with her family. The second week of summer school, her middle school-aged son, rode back with her, because he had missed her, and stayed with her that week in her apartment. On the weekend, they drove the 3 1/2 hours back home. She spent the weekend running errands. The refrigerator was empty, the washing had not been done, and the house was a mess. When she left the house to make the 3 1/2 hour drive to her new "dream" job for the last week of summer school, she was crying. Her husband, who had been so supportive, at first, was definitely not happy that things were not running very smoothly at home. She had not realized how stressed her oldest son was about starting his senior year, until his soccer coach had called her about some problems they were trying to work out. She finished that last week of summer school. On Friday, she turned the key of her new apartment in to the leasing office. She put the key to her university office in an envelope with a letter of resignation. She drove home and never returned. She just couldn’t make it work.
This scenario is not fiction. It happened and continues to happen frequently in America today as women, caught in the double bind of needing to work for family finances and wanting to enter satisfying professional positions, are caught between family and career conflicts; they are prepared but unable to practice their profession. What can they do? Sometimes they wait, sometimes they do something else, and, increasingly, today, they commute. In order to understand the growing phenomenon of women who commute, this paper reviews some of the changing concepts regarding male and female roles within marriage and then explores what the literature says about career development of women and the impact of immobility. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of commuting when women live away from home to work in another community for career purposes. Why do they do this? What kind of problems occur? What suggestions would these women give to others who might be contemplating such a mov
Teaching Under a Glass Ceiling: A Study of Gender Equity in Federal Education Career Fields
Get PDFConsider this picture: You are on the ground floor of a building, one of those modern palaces where balconied floors surround a central atrium reaching all the way to the roof. As you gaze upward, you can see fifteen floors of the building, all containing the expected level of activity: people are walking, alone and in groups, glass elevators are gliding up and down, a few people lean on the balcony railings, admiring the beauty of the architecture
Redefining the Voice of Women Administrators
Get PDFVoice has multiple meanings. Voice is individual and unique, while at the same time requires another to listen and react. The journey towards an authentic voice requires courage and persistence (Issacs, 1999). Voice in feminist literature refers to a way of being that defines female development and encompasses women\u27s value for connectedness (Gilligan, 1982). Voice is compared to vision, a leadership buzzword (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986; Helgesen, 1990). Voice differs from seeing (vision) which is a one-way process that can exist even if it is not communicated to others. Voice and listening, on the other hand, suggest dialogue and interaction (Helgesen, 1990, Issacs, 1999). This paper chronicles the dialogue of an organization of women administrators as they redefined their collective voice
Groundbreaking Women: Inspirations and Trailblazers
Get PDFWhat do a female pilot, a Chief Justice, a basketball player, and a Fortune 500 CEO have in common? Recognized as being the first to achieve or accomplish a particular honor, position, or skill in their various roles, these women are all members of a special group known as groundbreakers. In this article, we share the eleven common characteristics or traits of twenty-one women who, in addition to making significant contributions to their individual fields, inspired others to pursue goals previously unattained by women. Descriptions of each of these traits are enhanced by examples from the stories of eleven of the twenty-one women—some whom you will know and some whom you probably will no