Advancing Women in Leadership Journal
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Feminist Epistemology: A Reconstruction and Integration of Women\u27s Knowledge and Experiences
Get PDFEpistemology is the study of knowing. It is the basis for knowing and how it is that people come to know what they know (Johnson, 1995, p. 97). Originating from philosophy, epistemology seems to come to us from a number of disciplines, i. e.: sociology, psychology, and political science, among others (Duran, 1991, p. xi). These fields have all contributed to what is known as feminist epistemology. This occurred with the emergence of materials that professed to spelling out what feminist accounts of knowledge entail and what is implied by ways of knowing pertaining to women (p. xi). The term feminist epistemology does not have a single referent. Feminist theorists have used the term variously to refer to women\u27s "ways of knowing," "women\u27s experiences," or simple "women\u27s knowledge" (Alcoff Potter, 1993, p. 1). Therefore, the term feminist epistemology is a means of summarizing, to some extent, and integrating women\u27s knowledge and experiences. Inherent in feminist epistemology is the "multiplicity of women\u27s voices" (Duran, 1991, p. xiii)
Life Notes about the Dual Careers of a Black Female: Race and Gender Politics in Public School Administration and Higher Education Professorship
Get PDFThis article is written from the experiential and theoretical perspectives that I encountered as a Black female public school educator who, after twenty-plus years of public school teaching and administrative experiences, became an assistant professor at a predominately White research university. Being a student of critical race theory, I write this experience narrative from the perspective of life notes in order to help "demystify[ing] African American feminist ways of knowing, in moments of reflection, relation, and resistance" (Dillard, 2003, p. 135). Moreover, this article represents an " endarkened feminist epistemology" (Dillard, 2003) in order to shed light on how incidents and events with race, class, and gender translate into meaning for both of my professional careers and my life in general. A chronologic comparison of my experiences in both careers reveals the debilitating affects of race and gender. By sharing this experience, I hope that all who are involved in the recruitment, retention, and promotion of women and minorities in these professions (public school administration and the academy) will better understand how acts of racism and sexism create distractions that hinder their success in these careers
Challenges and Breakthroughs of Female Department Chairs Across Disciplines in Higher Education
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to explore the department chair role relative to challenges and breakthroughs women leaders experience both inside and outside the discipline of education. The research reported is an exploration of relatively uncharted territory, adding to the data-based studies that exist of female leadership in this post-secondary context. Incorporated into this survey-based study are constructs established in the literature around relational and organizational aspects of leadership behavior. While attention is given to gender and leadership issues reported by 121 female department chairs, the discussion is broader than gender considerations. Focus is on the major challenges that practicing leaders have encountered, particularly within the domains of administration and scholarship. Included is discussion of these leaders\u27 initiatives, reflections, and advice, complete with verbatim quotes, thematic analyses, and relevant tables. One recommendation is that more research be conducted of the issues and work of female department chairs, with consideration of the gender dynamics involving work-role identity. Other recommendations include the advocacy of women faculty members as college-level leaders who are effectively mentored
Pay and Rank of Female Engineers in Government Service: A Crack in the Glass Ceiling
Get PDFIn 1991, the United States government began efforts to address the “glass ceiling” and its effects on the federal workforce. This article explores the nature of the glass ceiling, particularly progress made since 1991 on the pay status and hierarchical placement of the almost 200,000 engineers in United States federal civilian employment. When a glass ceiling exists, men occupy a disproportionately high percentage of the higher ranks in a career field, while women tend to be overrepresented in its lower ranks. Similarly, on average men earn higher pay than women in the same organizational rank. These were exactly the conditions of the federal engineering field in 1991, the year of the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 that addressed the glass ceiling, among other topics. In 1991, as a result of the existence of the glass ceiling, women engineers earned only about 81% of the salaries and wages of their male counterparts. Through an exploration of federal employment databases, this article suggests that the condition of women engineers in government service has improved in the years since 1991—more female engineers are on the government rolls, they make up a much larger proportion of senior engineering management, and their compensation is much closer to parity with men—but they are not yet equal with males on any of these dimensions
"˜So Pleasant to be a School Maam\u27: The Civil War as an Educational Force for Women
Get PDFScrutinizing the documentary traces of women\u27s lives reveals the significant variability in what constitutes women\u27s leadership and advancement historically. During war time, even the act of writing a letter offered women opportunities to advance their learning. This paper draws from a collection of over 150 letters Northern women wrote during the American Civil War to consider aspects of women\u27s educational experiences during this devastating national conflict that spanned four bloody years and involved millions of Americans (Bailey, 2008; Rhoades & Bailey, 2009). Women\u27s historians have explored how the war shaped women\u27s social roles, gendered consciousness, and political organizing, yet its educational implications remain an under-theorized aspect of the war\u27s complicated legacy worth exploring further. The letters under study highlight four aspects of women\u27s education during the American Civil War: (a) women\u27s varied attitudes toward new opportunities to teach and attend school, (b) wartime correspondence as an educational tool, (c) home front demands as obstacles to women\u27s pursuit of formal education; and, conversely, (d) war events as educational forces in women\u27s lives. Each has implications for reconsidering women\u27s leadership and advancement historically
Saudi Female Students\u27 Perceptions of Leadership: An Overview
Get PDFVery few researches have highlighted Arab women leadership perceptions. The aim of this research study is to investigate Saudi female university students\u27 perceptions of leadership. In order to address the aim of this study, data were collected from 50 female students at the University of Dammam who were attending various colleges, namely the College of Science, the College of Education, and the College of Arts. The data-gathering process included asking a random sample of students to complete a questionnaire and administering it to them at the end of the semester. The review of the results of this research showed that there are statistically significant differences in attitudes among female students towards leadership. Keywords: Higher education in Saudi Arabia, Leadership in Saudi Arabia, Female students\u27 education in Saudi Arabia.
Leading by Leaning In and Leaning Out
Get PDFWomen in business are often confronted by work environments which influence career/leadership choices and family decisions, as noted in the recent New York Times article, "More Than Their Mothers, Young Women Plan Career Pauses" (Miller, 2015). Those in the millennial generation, born between the years 1981-1997, are learning by example from previous generations what career options they would like to pursue and not pursue. Although individuals in this generation may think differently than their predecessors, they may also fail to understand and take action on career, leadership, and family opportunities available to them. This research focuses on developing leadership skills and career awareness amongst students at a small liberal arts institution after business faculty noted a higher percentage of students intending to pursue careers as homemakers versus businesspeople. The program, focused on getting the conversation started at the college level to prepare students for the business world, was based upon the research presented in the book Lean In: Women, Work and the Will to Lead by Sheryl Sandberg (2013) as well as the resources provided on the leanin.org website. The program exposed students, university faculty, and staff to female leaders at various stages in their careers through interactive, discussion-based sessions. Program developers also conducted empirical quantitative research on the student participants to identify changes in attitudes and behaviors as a result of participating in the program and found significant changes in student\u27s ability to network and level of self-efficacy — issues addressed within the sessions. Significant differences were also noted between those choosing to participate in the program and a control group of non-participants. In addition, what initially began as a programming initiative to gain awareness around leaning in, or taking a more active leadership role, has since evolved to become a student-led effort that involves leaning out, such as working with others as mentors through collaboration with outside organizations. Keywords: leadership development, gender, women in business, mentoring.
Girls in Public School: The American Association of University Women Reports
Get PDFThe findings showed a drop-off in girls\u27 self-esteem from elementary school (when 60 % reported high self-esteem) to high school (when 29% reported high self-esteem). . . Additionally the poll found differing levels of self-esteem among girls from different ethnic groups.
Mexican Women Confront Mainstream Policy: Voices from the Colonias Address Family Self-sufficiency
Get PDFThe practice of allowing "family self-sufficiency" to become tantamount to the family\u27s adoption of legislated middle class values might limit access to these social services to women who are willing to compromise their own culture.
Mentoring and Support Systems: Keys to Leadership
Get PDFThe descriptive study examines mentoring research in education, leadership, and female career development. Sixty-six female faculty and administrators completed women in leadership surveys. Most respondents believe that hard work, perseverance and dedication are the essential keys to success. Many had a mentor or someone who significantly influenced or supported their career choices. Adherence to non-traditional female roles and a positive attitude greatly affected their career choices and contributed to leadership roles. The respondents answered questions about their professional training and provided suggestions to those aspiring upper level leadership responsibilitie