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Unique Provisions of Jordanian Marital Status Law No. 36 of 2010 in Divorce, Differing from the Four Fiqh Schools
No full textThe present study examines certain provisions in the Divorce Section of Jordanian Marital Status Law No. 36 of 2010, in which legislative choices diverge from those made by mainstream scholars within the four Fiqh schools. The study investigates the intentions of the Jordanian legislator through a review of this section. It is found that there are only three such cases, which notably present a different perspective. The researcher recommends a thorough review of the religious basis underlying the law’s choice concerning future-included divorce, specifically Article 87, Paragraph (b), due to ambiguities in its wording. This aligns with the same jurisprudential school that the law appears to have adopted—the Zahiri school. It has been narrated that the Imam of this school unanimously agrees with a different opinion than the one expressed, highlighting the need for a clearer articulation of the issue’s basis and supporting evidence
The Impact of Public Relations Strategies on the Effectiveness of Epidemic Management in Jordan: A Case Study of COVID-19
No full textThis study aimed to explore the impact of public relations strategies on the effectiveness of epidemic management in Jordan, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method, which is based on the systematic description and interpretation of social and media phenomena. The findings revealed that public relations play a pivotal strategic role in managing health crises by building public trust, preparing communication plans, and formulating awareness messages in coordination with relevant authorities. The study recommended the need to enhance the training of public relations personnel in managing communication during health crises, to continue diversifying official communication channels, and to update media discourse to align with the developments in digital media, in addition to intensifying awareness campaigns based on edutainment to ensure sustainable behavioral impact
حرية السردية الرقمية لدى المستخدم الفلسطيني
No full textسلطت الدراسة الضوء على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي التي من المفترض أنها تتيح مساحة حرة للتعبير عن الرأي دون تمييز، ولكن الحاصل في الحقيقة في ظل المعيقات والتحديات المفروضة من قبل الاحتلال أن منصــات التواصــل هذه أظهــرت ازدواجيــة فــي المعايير، حيــث تعــرّض المحتوى الفلســطيني إلى تقييدات. أشارت الدراسة إلى أن هناك تحديات وتطلعات للمستخدمين الفلسطينيين في العصر الرقمي، وبينت أهمية تعزيز مساحة رقمية أكثر إنصافًا وشمولاً تدعم الحقوق الأساسية لحرية الرأي والتعبير بين المستخدمين الفلسطينيين الذين يعانون من تقيدات الاحتلال وشركات التواصل الاجتماعي. انطلقت الدراسة من فرضية رئيسية مفادها أن ثمة علاقة ارتباطية ما بين الاحتلال بصفته متغير مستقل ومنصات التواصل الاجتماعي بصفتها متغير وسيط مما يؤثر تبعاً على حرية الرأي والتعبير لدى المستخدم الفلسطيني بوصفه متغير تابع، وقد أثبتت الدراسة صحة الفرضية من خلال منهجية الدراسة التي مزجت الأساليب النوعية والكمية لتحقيق أهدافها، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. توصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك رغبة عميقة بإحلال الإنصاف للمحتوى الرقمي بين المستخدمين الفلسطينيين وحرية التعبير والسردية. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج تم تقديم توصيات، منها: حث أصحاب المصلحة في المشاركة في حوار استباقي ومناصرة لإسماع الأصوات الفلسطينية في المجال الرقمي، وتعزيز مساحة رقمية أكثر شمولاً وإنصافًا. ومطالبة المنصات وعمالقة التكنولوجيا بمعالجة الفوارق في سياسات الإشراف على المحتوى، وضمان حصول المحتوى الفلسطيني على معاملة منصفة
The study examined social media platforms, which are ostensibly designed to provide a free space for expression without discrimination. In practice, however, these platforms have demonstrated double standards, as Palestinian content is frequently subjected to restrictions due to the obstacles and challenges imposed by the occupation. The research explored both the challenges and the aspirations of Palestinian users in the digital age, underscoring the need to foster a more equitable and inclusive digital space that safeguards the fundamental rights of freedom of opinion and expression for users who face restrictions from both the occupation and social media companies. The study has been guided by a central hypothesis: there is a correlation between occupation as an independent variable and social media platforms as an intervening variable, which, in turn, affects freedom of opinion and expression among Palestinian users as a dependent variable. This hypothesis was tested using a mixed-methods approach that combined qualitative and quantitative techniques, with the descriptive-analytical method serving as the foundation. Findings revealed a strong desire among Palestinian users to secure fairness in digital content and to exercise freedom of expression and narrative. Based on these results, the study offered several recommendations, including encouraging stakeholders to engage in proactive dialogue and advocacy to amplify Palestinian voices in the digital sphere and promoting a more inclusive and equitable digital environment. Furthermore, the study called on social media platforms and technology companies to address disparities in content moderation policies and to ensure fair treatment of Palestinian conten
تأثير التعليم الإلكتروني على مهارات معلمي المدارس الإعدادية في مدينة اللد خلال جائحة كورونا
No full textهدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى تأثير التعليم الإلكتروني على مهارات معلمي المدارس الإعدادية في مدينة اللد خلال جائحة كورونا اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واختارت الباحثة عينة طبقية عشوائية قوامها (50) معلماً من مدارس اللد الإعدادية لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم تطوير مقياس تمتع بدلالات صدق وثبات مناسبة، وهو مقياس أثر التعليم الإلكتروني على مهارات معلمي المدارس، وتم تطبيقه على عينة الدراسة في الفصل الثاني من العام 2023-2024. أشارت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة طردية إيجابية ودالة إحصائياً بين التعليم الإلكتروني ومهارات معلمي المدارس. كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً في متوسطات استجابات عينة الدراسة لأثر التعليم الإلكتروني على مهارات معلمي المدارس الإعدادية في مدينة اللد خلال جائحة كورونا تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، العمر، المؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخبرة. أوصت الدراسة بتطوير برامج تدريب مستمرة للمعلمين، مع التركيز على تصميم مواد تعليمية تفاعلية، استراتيجيات التقييم الإلكتروني، وإجراء تقييم مستمر لبرامج التدريب. كما أوصت بتطوير منصات تعليمية سهلة الاستخدام تحتوي على مجموعة متنوعة من الأدوات والميزات التي تلبي احتياجات المعلمين والطلاب، بالإضافة إلى تشجيع التعاون بين المعلمين من خلال إنشاء منتديات أو مجموعات نقاش عبر الإنترنت لتبادل الخبرات والتحديات والتعلم المشترك.
This study aimed to explore the impact of e-learning on the skills of middle school teachers in the city of Lod during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, selecting a stratified random sample of 50 middle school teachers in Lod. To achieve the objectives, a valid and reliable scale was developed to measure the impact of e-learning on teachers\u27 skills. This scale was applied to the sample during the second semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between e-learning and the skills of teachers. Additionally, the study found no statistically significant differences in the participants\u27 responses regarding the impact of e-learning based on gender, age, educational qualifications, or years of experience. The study recommends developing continuous training programs for teachers that emphasize the creation of interactive teaching materials, the use of e-assessment strategies, and the regular evaluation of these training programs. Furthermore, it highlights the need to improve user-friendly e-learning platforms equipped with diverse tools and features to meet the needs of both teachers and students. Finally, fostering collaboration among teachers is essential, which can be achieved by establishing online forums or discussion groups where educators can share experiences, address challenges, and learn from one anothe
Sustainable Assessment: A Proposed Model-based Frame of Reference to Actualize Sustainable Assessment via Feedback and Technology Enhancement
No full textThis article aimed to carefully examine the available relevant literature, through a survey, to explore the theoretical basis of sustainable assessment, as a newly emerging concept dictated by the rapid trends and developments of the twenty-first century. The article also aims to propose a model-based framework for achieving sustainable assessment practices within traditional assessment practices. To achieve this dual objective, the researcher followed an analytical and developmental approach, based on most of the limited relevant literature available, to define the theoretical boundaries of sustainable assessment as a concept and as a process. Furthermore, this analytical and developmental approach was formulated for the investigative line of this study, with an estimated tabulation of some central symbols and themes related to sustainable assessment. In accordance with its objective, this study proposed two working models that were proposed as benchmarks for achieving sustainable assessment within the educational system. In the same vein, this study proposed feedback and technology as central tools that can achieve sustainability within the traditional assessment system. Although this study\u27s argument lacks empirical evidence, it can nevertheless reach a set of relevant conclusions and recommendations regarding various aspects of sustainable assessment.
هدف المقال إلى دراسة متأنية للأدبيات ذات الصلة المتاحة، من خلال دراسة استقصائية، لاستكشاف الأساس النظري للتقييم المستدام، كمفهوم حديث النشأة، تمليه التوجهات والتطورات السريعة في القرن الحادي والعشرين. كما هدف المقال إلى اقتراح إطار مرجعي قائم على نموذج لتحقيق ممارسات التقييم المستدام ضمن ممارسات التقييم التقليدية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف المزدوج، اتبع الباحث نهجًا تحليليًا وتطويريًا، مرتكزًا على معظم الأدبيات ذات الصلة القليلة المتاحة، لتحديد الحدود النظرية للتقييم المستدام كمفهوم وكعملية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم صياغة هذا النهج التحليلي التنموي، للخط الاستقصائي لهذه الدراسة، مع جدولة تقديرية لبعض الرموز والمواضيع المركزية المتعلقة بالتقييم المستدام؛ واقترحت هذه الدراسة، وفقًا لهدفها، نموذجين للعمل تم اقتراحهما ليكونا بمثابة مؤشرات مرجعية لتحقيق التقييم المستدام داخل النظام التعليمي؛ وعلى نفس المنوال، اقترحت هذه الدراسة التغذية الراجعة والتكنولوجيا كأدوات مركزية يمكن أن تحقق الاستدامة داخل نظام التقييم التقليدي. وعلى الرغم من أن حجة هذه الدراسة تفتقر إلى الأدلة التجريبية، إلا أنها في الوقت نفسه يمكن أن تتوصل إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ذات الصلة فيما يتعلق بمختلف جوانب التقييم المستدا
Sustainability of Islamic Architecture and Integration of Renewable Energy. Case Study of Bait Al-Suhaimi , Historic Cairo
No full textEnergy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are among the world\u27s most pressing global problems, which have a significant impact on the global climate. The emergence of renewable and clean energy has shown a trend to convert buildings into zero energy buildings (NZEB) The concept of buildings as power stations (BAPS) has been shown, which means that buildings do not consume electricity that generates an unclean card, and they help generate, store and use electricity. As energy saving, the use of renewable and clean energy is one of the most important elements of urban sustainability. It has emerged in three main areas: environment, resources, economy, social life and urban sustainability, with a view to reducing pollution from all stages of construction (construction, operation and replacement), (The concept of urban sustainability is not new in our Arab and Islamic world. Urban sustainability has emerged in Islamic cities and buildings. The traditional architecture of Islamic Cairo is a product of the interaction between human thought and its environment to meet its needs and material and cultural needs. From UNESCO, Islamic Cairo was adopted as a heritage city by UNESCO in 1979.
The aim of the study is to study one of the most important buildings in Cairo Islamic, namely the house of Al-Suhaimi Bahar Al-Yabar, Bab Al-Fotouh and the urban fabric surrounding it, to study of the possibility of integrating solar energy by applying renewable energy technologies to generate energy using advanced systems of up to 50 kW, this is known as the micro scale renewable energy or Egypt to be the first historic building zero energy in historic Cairo to encourage the importance of research is to develop the environmental architectural elements used in Cairo Islamic architecture to improve its thermal performance, to study its applicability in contemporary architecture, and to devise ways to reduce energy consumption and encourage the use of renewable energy in the region. N according to historical standards for integrating energy in historic cities, to make them energy-efficient while preserving their historical value. The research uses the quantitative methodology in the study through the experimental and analytical method, by monitoring the thermal measurements of the building study case and analysing it to assess the energy consumption of the building and then presenting how to integrate and activate the renewable energy methods in the power generation of the building.
Keywords- Islamic Cairo, Historical Buildings, Bait Al-Suhaimi, Sustainability, Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency
Design and Performance Analysis of a Frequency-Reconfigurable Rectangular Patch Antenna with Dual-Slot Defected Ground Structure for GSM Band
No full textIn this paper, an innovative frequency-tunable rectangular patch antenna is presented, featuring interlaced circular and U-shaped narrow slots, combined with a rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). This design is specifically developed to produce radiation patterns similar to those of traditional dipole antennas. The integration of the rectangular DGS with three RF varactor diodes, along with two equivalent microstrip conductors, enables a tunable operating frequency band that ranges from 1.08 GHz to 1.7 GHz, achieving a total bandwidth of 0.62 GHz. The DC biasing network connected to the three RF varactor diodes is utilized to finely tune and adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna. A significant advantage of the proposed design is its compact size, while consistently maintaining radiation patterns similar to a dipole antenna throughout the entire frequency tuning range. Additionally, each tuned frequency band offers an average impedance bandwidth of 260 MHz and achieves an average gain of approximately 2.4 dBi. Furthermore, The novelty of the proposed design lies in its ability to achieve wide frequency tunability from 1.08 GHz to 1.7 GHz using only three varactor diodes and a compact dual-slot defected ground structure (DGS), while consistently maintaining dipole-like radiation patterns—an uncommon achievement in existing microstrip-based reconfigurable antennas
Analyzing Temporal Morphometric Changes in River Nile\u27s Forced Bends via RS/GIS Methods: A Case Study of the Damietta Branch in Egypt
No full textRiver Nile, among the world\u27s longest rivers, features the crucial Damietta branch in Egypt, serving as a vital irrigation source and navigation pathway from Cairo to the Mediterranean Sea. Post the Aswan High Dam\u27s construction, significant morphological shifts occurred in this branch, particularly impacting sedimentation and erosive patterns, notably at river bends. This study investigates the long-term morphometric evolution of six forced bends along the Damietta branch of the Nile River from 1987 to 2015 using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Three image classification methods—onscreen digitizing, maximum likelihood classification, and histogram thresholding—were compared for shoreline delineation accuracy, with onscreen digitizing demonstrating superior performance, validated by a low relative error of 0.42% against field data. Morphological analysis revealed a consistent pattern of outer-bank erosion and inner-bank sedimentation, strongly influenced by secondary flow currents and local hydraulic structures. Among all sites, Taranish Al-Bahr exhibited the most significant erosion and sedimentation activity, while Bana Abu-Sir showed the highest surface water area with minimal morphodynamic change, indicating geomorphological stability. All bends were classified as meanders based on sinuosity index (SI) values exceeding 1.5, with less than 0.5% deviation from previously published data. The temporal increase in surface water areas and spatial variability in sediment dynamics underscore the need for site-specific management strategies to ensure sustainable riverbank development and hazard mitigation
Effect of a Small Control Rod on the Aerodynamic Forces and Wake Structure of Side-by-Side Cylinders at moderate Reynolds Number
No full textThe unsteady wake interaction between two side-by-side circular cylinders often leads to significant vortex shedding and fluctuating aerodynamic forces. This numerical study investigates the effect of a small passive control rod with a rod-to-cylinder diameter ratio d/D = 0.07 on the wake dynamics and aerodynamic forces of two side-by-side circular cylinders. Two configurations are explored: one where the control rod is placed directly behind the cylinders (x/D = 0), and another where it is located downstream (x/D = 0.5). The two cylinders are arranged with a center-to-center spacing ratio T/D = 1.25. The simulations were performed at Reynolds number of 1.2X104 using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the (SST) k-w turbulence model in ANSYS Fluent. In the uncontrolled case, the flow exhibits unsteady flip-flopping behavior and asymmetric vortex shedding, typical of closely spaced cylinder interactions. When the control rod was positioned directly behind the two cylinders (x/D = 0), the wake instability and flip-flopping behavior were completely suppressed. This configuration led to the formation of two stable recirculation zones in the wake behind each cylinder. Consequently, the mean drag coefficient decreased by 9.4%, while the root mean square of the lift coefficient increased by 97%, relative to the uncontrolled case. Conversely, placing the control rod further downstream at (x/D = 0.5) also contributed to flow stabilization but produced larger recirculation zones. This resulted in a 9.3% increase in the mean drag coefficient and a 61% increase in the lift coefficient. These results demonstrate that the rod placed directly behind the cylinders (x/D = 0) provides more favourable aerodynamic performance and better flow stabilizatio
A Comparative Study of Cities to Develop an Assessment Framework for Climate-Resilient Cities
No full textAs climate change intensifies, urban areas face increasing hazards from extreme weather events such as rising sea levels, heat waves, and heavy rainfall. Resilient cities—those developed to absorb, recover, and adapt to these shocks—are crucial in protecting residents and infrastructure. This paper explores the concept of urban resilience, highlighting its multifaceted aspect, including recovery, adaptability, and transformation. It focuses on how to solve these climate change challenges by implementing resilience strategies and practices that achieve a number of criteria and indicators to be a climate-resilient city. A collection of global frameworks for measuring resilience in general is discussed in addition to the most recent recommendations from organizations concerned with climate change. In an effort to develop a framework for assessing climate-resilient cities, the research focuses on worldwide best practices and highlights the urgent need to invest in resilience to ensure cities can withstand and survive in the face of increasing climate challenges