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Turkish-Iranian Competition for Influence in Central Asia: Motivations and Tools (2011–2021)
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the motivations and tools behind the Turkish-Iranian competition for influence in Central Asian countries, as well as the impact of this rivalry on security and political stability in the region. The study was based on the main hypothesis that the strategic importance of Central Asian countries has influenced the pattern of competition between regional powers (Türkiye and Iran) for influence in the region and their interactions during the period 2011–2021. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, applying the regional systems analysis framework to reach its findings. The study concluded that there is an ongoing competition between Türkiye and Iran to expand their influence in Central Asia, as both states seek to attract as many Central Asian republics as possible into their respective spheres of influence. To achieve this goal, Iran and Türkiye have employed various tools, including political, economic, cultural, and military means, and have provided financial, logistical, and economic support to countries in the region to strengthen their ties with regional governments and societies
The Effectiveness of Education in Achieving Sustainable Development among Private School Students in Amman and its Relationship to Enhancing Social Belonging
Get PDFThis study aimed to identify the effectiveness of education in achieving sustainable development among private school students in the University District of Amman and its relationship to enhancing social belonging. The study employed a descriptive correlational methodology, using a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, which was administered to a sample of 390 teachers, representing 4.3% of the total study population. The sample was selected through a simple random sampling method. The findings revealed that the effectiveness of education in achieving sustainable development among private school students in Amman was high, and the level of social belonging among these students was also high. Additionally, the results indicated a statistically significant positive correlation at the significance level of (α = 0.05) between the effectiveness of education in achieving sustainable development and the enhancement of social belonging among private school students in Amman. The study recommends that educational leadership in private schools integrate dimensions of sustainable development and mechanisms for fostering social belonging into school curricula across various educational stages, highlighting their role in societal progress and advancement
Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Cognitive Linguistics
Get PDFThe field of linguistics has witnessed significant development, leading to the emergence of various modern disciplines and methodologies. Among these is Cognitive Linguistics, which explores the connection between cognition or knowledge and language. This field is relatively new and focuses on studying the relationship between language, cognition, and human knowledge in general. This study examines one of the central topics in cognitive linguistics: conceptual metaphor, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. It seeks to answer the following questions: How does conceptual metaphor contribute to meaning construction? Can conceptual metaphors provide a new understanding of things that differs from traditional comprehension? Is metaphor present in our daily lives, as suggested by Lakoff and Johnson, in the same way it appears in poetry? The study concludes that metaphor is not merely a rhetorical ornament or linguistic embellishment; rather, it plays a fundamental role in thought processes, comprehension, information processing, and communication, in line with advancements in cognitive linguistics. Additionally, the cognitive theory views metaphor as a primary means of conceptualizing reality—an essential cognitive process that integrates various conceptual domains. Consequently, metaphor is not confined to literary or political discourse but serves as an inherent cognitive mechanism that contributes to our perception, thinking, and imagination
The relationship between maternal dental anxiety and children\u27s dental anxiety: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground and aim of the study: Dental fear and anxiety are one of the main challenges in pediatric dentistry, and dental fear and anxiety are a common reason for avoiding dental treatments, which may lead to deterioration of oral health status over time. Many researchers have shown that the relationship between parents and children has a direct impact on dental anxiety in children, so this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in children.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 children and their mothers who attended the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Damascus University. The children\u27s aged ranged 6 to12 years. Demographic data were collected included child\u27s age, mother\u27s age, child\u27s gender, and mother\u27s education level. Dental anxiety in children was assessed using the Facial Image Scale, and dental anxiety in mothers was assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale.
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 at a significance level of 0.05
Results: Spearman\u27s rho showed no correlation between dental anxiety in children and both the child\u27s age and the mother\u27s age (P\u3c 0.05). Chi-square test results also showed no correlation between gender and dental anxiety in children (P \u3c0.05). Spearman\u27s rho showed a statistically significant relationship between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in their children (P\u3e 0.05).
Conclusions: There is an association between dental anxiety in mothers and dental anxiety in children, and therefore more attention should be paid to the role of mothers in preparing the child for dental visits
Sealing ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with 2.25% sodium hypochlorite gel used for repairing furcal perforations in primary molars: an in vitro study
Get PDFObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 2.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gel mixture in repairing furcal perforation in primary molars using methylene blue dye penetration.
Materials and methods:It was an in vitro experimental study. Sixty human primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). Group 1 (MTA + distilled water (DW)): Furcal perforations were repaired with MTA and DW mixture. Group 2 (MTA + NaOCl gel): Furcal perforations were repaired with MTA and 2.25% NaOCl gel mixture. Group 3 (Positive control): Furcal perforations left untreated. Group 4 (Negative control): Primary molars with no furcal perforations. The primary molars underwent
amputation 3 mm apical to the furcation area, then received a standard access cavity preparation. The flowable composite was used to seal the canal orifices and the apical end of each root. Clear nail varnish was applied to cover the cavity walls and pulpal floor. The molars\u27 pulp chambers were placed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The samples were then cut into mesiodistal sections, and the extent of dye penetration was measured on each wall from the bottom of the perforation to the floor of the pulp chamber.
Results:The dye penetration score for the MTA + DW group was 0.05 ± 0.05, followed by the MTA + NaOCl gel group (0.07 ± 0.07). The MTA + DW mixture did not outperform the MTA + NaOCl gel\u27s sealing ability (p = 1.000). Both materials have good sealing ability since no statistically significant difference was noted with the negative control group (p \u3e 0.05).Conclusions: The MTA + NaOCl gel mixture may serve as a viable alternative for repairing furcal perforations in primary molars
The Economic Effects of the Russian-Ukrainian War of 2022 on Global Food Security
Get PDFThis study aims to shed light on the economic effects of the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022 on global food security and to examine its repercussions on international food markets and the global food supply shortage. The war has directly contributed to further disruptions in global food supply chains due to rising shipping costs. Both Ukraine and Russia play major roles in global food markets, as they are among the world’s most significant producers and exporters of arable crops. Consequently, the war has had profound global repercussions, particularly on food security, leading to a surge in the prices of most food products
Numerical analysis to evaluate the performance based on Bi2Te3 and SiGe thermoelectric module
Get PDFThis paper presents a numerical analysis evaluating the performance of thermoelectric (TE) modules utilizing 23 and SiGe materials under both constant heat flux and constant temperature difference conditions. A three-dimensional model of TEG was developed and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 19-R2. The model\u27s accuracy was validated against existing literature. The study investigated the influence of these materials on power output, conversion efficiency, voltage, and temperature distribution across various operating conditions. The results demonstrate a linear relationship between heat flux/temperature difference and voltage/power output for both materials. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing high-performance TE modules operating under constant heat flux conditions. As result of semiconductor 23 material At Q=14000 W/2, the conversion efficiency is 7.73 % and at ℎ = 227 ºC, the conversion efficiency is 5.93 %, As result of semiconductor SiGe material at Q=220 KW/2, the conversion efficiency is 5.88 % and at ℎ = 1027 ºC, the conversion efficiency is 4.61 %
Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Educa-tional Robot for Engineering Curriculums
Get PDFThe role of educational robots is becoming increasingly important. Many commercial educational robots differ in their abilities and price. In general, the cost of these robots presents the main cause of their limited use in the teaching process, especially in countries with limited financial resources. This work attempts to solve this problem by designing and implementing an educational robot with a limited budget. The robot was initially intended to serve higher education students\u27 needs, especially in engineering curriculums but can be extended to other application areas. This work presents robot hardware functional blocks, mechanical struc-ture design, and 3D printing implementation. The actuators and sensors associated with drivers are selected from widely available on-the-shelf items at moderate prices. Low-cost microcontrollers are presented for processing data and controlling the robot\u27s tasks. Experimental software has been written to test the robot\u27s opera-tion of the sensors and actuators
Experience of Psychologists in the Delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Treatment of Depression and Anxiety in Jordan
Get PDFThe article explored the experiences of psychologists in delivering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of depression and anxiety in Jordan. To gain valuable insights into the challenges, strategies, and perspectives of practitioners in the field, the study employs a well-structured questionnaire to provide a comprehensive view of the CBT delivery process. The study involved a purposive sample of 30 licensed psychologists who have been practicing CBT for a minimum of three years and have experience in treating patients with depression and anxiety in Karak, Jordan. With the help of descriptive and inferential statistics, the study intended to contribute to a better understanding of the nuanced interactions between psychologists and patients within the context of depression and anxiety treatment, ultimately informing the improvement of CBT practice and patient outcomes. The study found a statistically significant variation in psychologists\u27 satisfaction with the way CBT for depression and anxiety is delivered, with a number of areas that need to be improved. Self-care practices, supervision, and a supportive professional network play pivotal roles in sustaining psychologists\u27 emotional and mental health, safeguarding against burnout, and promoting a rewarding career in mental health care
أثر القيادة الخادمة على أداء العاملين في المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم في قصبة المفرق
Get PDFهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر القيادة الخادمة على أداء العاملين في المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم في قصبة المفرق، وذلك تبعا لوجهـة نظر المعلمين. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي من أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة والإجابة على أسئلتها. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم في قصبة المفرق (167) مدرسة، وتتكون من (4150) معلماً ومعلمة، وتم أخذ عينة عشوائية بلغت (352) معلماً ومعلمة، وتم توزيع استبانة تم تصميمها خصيصاً لأغراض البحث على المعلمين والمعلمات عينة الدراسة، وتم استرداد (271) استبانة صالحة لأغراض التحليل الإحصائي. ولاختبار فرضيات الدراسة تم استخدام تحليل الانحدار المتعدد. بينت نتائج الدراسة أنه يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية للقيادة الخادمة بأبعادها المتمثلة في (التمكين، السلوك الأخلاقي، ومساعدة المرؤوسين على النمو والنجاح) على أداء المعلمين في المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم قصبة المفرق. وأوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات منها ضرورة الاهتمام بتفعيل أسلوب القيادة الخادمة في المدارس الحكومية، لما له من أهمية كبيرة في تحسين أداء العاملين وخلق بيئة صحية للعمل، التركيز على السلوك الأخلاقي لدى العاملين في المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم قصبة المفرق
The study aimed to assess the impact of servant leadership on employee performance in schools affiliated with the Education Directorate of Mafraq Kasbah, as perceived by teachers. The study employed descriptive and analytical approaches to accomplish its goals and address its research questions. The study population consisted of 167 schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Mafraq Kasbah, comprising 4150 male and female teachers. A random sample of 352 male and female teachers was selected, and a research-specific questionnaire was distributed among them. A total of 271 valid questionnaires were collected for statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the study hypotheses. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between servant leadership, including its dimensions of empowerment, ethical behavior, and support for subordinates\u27 growth and success, and teacher performance in schools affiliated with the Education Directorate in Kasbah Mafraq. The study provided several recommendations, emphasizing the importance of implementing servant leadership practices in public schools to enhance employee performance and foster a conducive work environment. Furthermore, it suggested a focus on promoting ethical behavior among workers in schools associated with the Education Directorate in Mafraq Distric