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A Quantitative Analysis of the Commercial-Additive Effects on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions Characteristics
Get PDFPetroleum fuel prices fluctuate in response to global political and economic issues. Government regulations should be followed when it comes to engine emissions, as these dangerous pollutants have a negative impact on the environment. One such effect is global warming, which raises global temperatures. The purpose of this study is to develop the additives for use as a fuel mix with diesel fuel, which will be used to feed the diesel engine of a single cylinder, four strokes. The engine will be tested experimentally with varying loads at fixed speed of 1500 rpm, using blends of [(5% PRETSONE additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% THERMOL-D additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% ECO diesel additive + 95% of diesel fuel), (5% ABRO additive + 95% of diesel fuel) and pure diesel 100%]. The impact of varying blends of additives on engine performance and emissions has been studied and evaluated. The results of the experiment show that various diesel and additive blends can be used in the diesel engine under the same operating conditions with increasing brake thermal efficiency by 1 % for PRETSONE additive more than diesel, decreasing exhaust temperature by 3% for ABRO additive more than diesel, decreasing brake specific fuel consumption by 1% for PRETSONE additive more than diesel, decreasing Carbon monoxide CO , Carbon dioxide CO2 and NOx emissions by 50% , 29% and 29% respectively for ECO diesel additive more than diesel, decreasing Soot level emissions by 23% for ABRO additive more than diesel, increasing Oxygen O2 values by 9% for PRETSONE additive more than diesel. Finally, it is recommended to using additives with diesel, which improves combustion properties, Engine efficiency and emission of engine
The Degree of Representation of Professional Values among Professional Education Teachers in Irbid Governorate Schools and its Relationship with Job Excellence
Get PDFThe study aimed to identify the degree of vocational education teachers\u27 representation of vocational values in the schools of Irbid Governorate and its relationship to their professional excellence. The study sample consisted of 309 male and female teachers. The findings revealed several results, the most important being that the degree of vocational education teachers’ representation of vocational values in the schools of Irbid Governorate was at an average level, while their level of professional excellence was at a moderate degree. Additionally, the results indicated a moderate and significant correlation between vocational education teachers\u27 representation of professional values and job excellence. Based on these results, the researchers recommend placing greater emphasis on the importance of professional values in the educational process for all teachers and fostering values of tolerance among students
The Role of Citizen Journalism in Developing Digital Citizenship Values among Palestinian Journalists in the Digital Era
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to reveal any roles that citizen journalism plays in developing the values of digital citizenship among Palestinian journalists in the digital age, and to provide an illustrative model of the principles of digital citizenship and understanding its values and cultural aspects among Palestinian journalists in light of the consequences that have occurred and are still occurring due to developments in digital technologies. Methodology: This study depended on a purposive sampling consisting of 10 editors-in-chief of local Palestinian media outlets, and managers of Palestinian media institutions and Palestinian Journalists’ Syndicate. This research employed a group interview of eight people, taking into account: (position, gender, and years of experience). Results and conclusions: This study also provided a model of principles of digital citizenship and how to understand these principles from a postmodern perspective. The main results of this study were that there is a decrease in the awareness level of social media users in Palestine about the dimensions of digital citizenship, which include digital respect, digital literacy. The finding also revealed that the majority of the study sample did not receive training about the principles and indicators of digital citizenship due to deficiency of media institutions that are specialized in spreading the culture of digital citizenship. The study uncovered that due to the absence of awareness programs about digital citizenship in Palestine, the users are immersed in “virtual worlds”. Recommendations: This study recommended that there is a need for the Palestinian media organizations to deal with a “smart partner” The media organizations should be able to understand the partner’s needs, circumstances, and to pay attention to the rapid developments of the partner day after day in terms of the complex journalistic and digital behavior
The Architectural Identity of Jeddah
Get PDFUrban design is the psychology behind the course of action, presence and usefulness of urban areas and cities. The Urban plan combines development, scenic engineering and public management to make metropolitan spaces viable and engaging. This paper presents a brief insight of Jeddah \u27s architectural identity. Comparative case studies are assessed to measure the effects of architecture on the urban context and its influence on social and cultural lifestyles. In this work, four case studies were analysed, which are Dr. Bakhsh Hospitals Group (BHS), Souk Al Shatea, Golden Tulip Hotel and City Center. This has been done to understand how architecture and urbanism can change the identity of the community, and thus of the city as a whole. The key finding show that new urban arrangements should respect the traditional urban form and heritage of the city. This is vital as developments urban context of the city reflects the overall image of the city. Thus, proper development plan is required for creating a positive architectural environment for the local community
A Wireless Flex Sensors Based Man-Machine Interface
Get PDFAbstract. The recent technological advancements are focusing on developing the smart systems to facilitate the subscribers and to improve their lifestyle. The machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence are becoming the elementary tools, which are used in the establishment of modern smart systems across the globe. In this study, a flex sensors-based Man to Machine Interface (MMI) is proposed. It is beneficial for a category of people with reduced mobility or special needs like deaf, dumb, parallelized, etc. The system prototype is realized by using an array of flex sensors and a front-end processor, wirelessly connected to the central processing unit (CPU) via Smart Phone with android application. It transforms the flex sensors outputs into appropriate audio messages and actuations. It is done in order to convey the message of intended person to normal ones and to perform certain tasks. The prototype is developed and the functionality is successfully tested, and results are presented
فاعلية المهارات البيولوجية لدى النساء الاردنيات وعلاقتها بالإعداد والتطوير القيادي: مدخل القيادة النسوية
Get PDFهدف المقال إلى بيان مدى فاعلية المهارات البيولوجية لدى القيادات النسائية واختبار العلاقة بين تفعيل هذه المهارات وإعداد وتطوير القيادات النسائية في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، باستخدام مقياس CEPIC-HERO الذي استحدثته الباحثة. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث أظهرت النتائج أن تفعيل المهارات البيولوجية لدى القيادات النسائية يتراوح بين المتوسط والمنخفض جدًا، حيث كانت مهارة المرونة هي الأعلى تفعيلًا بدرجة متوسطة، وأقلها مهارة توظيف الهرمونات بدرجة منخفضة جدًا. كما بينت النتائج وجود علاقة طردية متوسطة بين تفعيل المهارات البيولوجية وإعداد وتطوير القيادات النسائية، حيث يفسر تفعيل هذه المهارات 57% من التغيير الحاصل في إعداد وتطوير القيادات، والنسبة المتبقية (43%) تعود لعوامل أخرى. بناءً على هذه النتائج، توصي الدراسة بزيادة الاهتمام بتفعيل المهارات البيولوجية من خلال تدريبات متخصصة لصقلها وتنميتها لدى السيدات القياديات، إذ أن تفعيل هذه المهارات يؤثر بنسبة كبيرة على تمكين المرأة في القيادة.
The article aimed to determine the effectiveness of biological skills among women leaders and to examine the relationship between the activation of these skills and the preparation and development of women leaders in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, using the CEPIC-HERO scale developed by the researcher. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method, and the results showed that the activation of biological skills among female leaders ranged from moderate to very low, with flexibility being the most activated skill at a moderate level, and hormone utilization being the least activated skill at a very low level. The results also indicated a moderate positive correlation between the activation of biological skills and the preparation and development of women leaders, where the activation of these skills accounted for 57% of the change in the preparation and development of leaders, with the remaining 43% attributed to other factors. Based on these results, the study recommends increasing the focus on activating biological skills through specialized training to refine and enhance these skills among female leaders, as the activation of these skills significantly impacts the empowerment of women in leadershi
التغير المناخي في العلاقات الدولية
Get PDFهدف المقال تسليط الضوء على قضية التغير المناخي في العلاقات الدولية، من حيث فهم التغير المناخي والأسباب والآثار المترتبة عليه، وتحليل تأثير التغير المناخي على الدول، وتوضيح آليات التعاون الدولي، بالإضافة إلى استعراض الجهود الدولية للحد من الآثار السلبية للتغير المناخي، وعرض الاتفاقيات والمؤتمرات الدولية في مجال مكافحة التغير المناخي، وكيفية تفسير النظريات في العلاقات الدولية لقضية التغير المناخي وتأطيرها ضمن العلاقات الدولية. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج النوعي، وذلك من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يصف ظاهرة التغير المناخي، وتحديد أسبابها مع التركيز على جهودالمجتمع الدولي لمواجهة هذه المشكلة، بالإضافة إلى المنهج التحليلي الذي يلعبه التغير المناخي في تعزيز التعاون الدولي. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن التغير المناخي أصبح قضية تؤثر على النطاق العالمي، حيث ازدادت الكوارث الطبيعية مما شكل تهديداً مباشراً على البيئة والتوازن، وأن التغير المناخي أسهم في زيادة التوترات والنزاعات بين الدول، مما أدى إلى زيادة الهجرات البيئية، كما أكدت الدراسة على أهمية التعاون الدولي مثل الاتفاقيات والمؤتمرات، لتقاسم الأعباء بين الدول المتقدمة والنامية، كما أظهرت الدراسات تطور مفهوم الدبلوماسية البيئة، والدبلوماسية المناخية وسيلة لتعزيز التعاون الدولي في مواجهة الآثار السلبية للتغير المناخي
The article aimed to shed light on and on issue Climate change In international relations, In terms of Understanding climate change, its causes and consequences, analyzing the impact of climate change on countries, and explaining the mechanisms of international cooperation, in addition to reviewing international efforts to reduce the negative effects of climate change, presenting international agreements and conferences in the field of combating climate change, how to interpret theories in international relations for the issue of climate change and framing it within international relations, the study used the qualitative approach, This is done through the descriptive analytical approach that describes the phenomenon of climate change, and determines its causes with a focus on the efforts of the international community to confront this problem, in addition to the analytical approach that climate change plays in enhancing international cooperation. The study concluded that climate change has become an issue that affects the global scale, as natural disasters have increased, posing a direct threat to the environment and balance, and that climate change has contributed to increasing tensions and conflicts between countries, which has led to an increase in environmental migrations. The study also stressed the importance of international cooperation, such as agreements and conferences, to share the burdens between developed and developing countries. Studies have also shown the development of the concept of environmental diplomacy, and climate diplomacy is a means of enhancing international cooperation in confronting the effects. Negative effects of climate chang
The Style of the Al-Qasr in Surat Al-Tawbah in Light of the Context Theory
No full textThis research presents an analytical description of the style of the Qasr in Surat al-Tawbah in light of the context theory, explaining the concept of palace and its methods and their relations with the context of the text and the context of the maqam, and the importance of the structures of the internal structure and its components in semantic condensation. It also shows the importance of context in the formation of roads and their relationship in terms of contiguity or divergence.The study concluded a set of results, the most important of which are: that negation and exception are the most frequent methods in Surat At-Tawbah, and that shortening (but) came as an answer to a hidden question that arises from the context of the text. And that the shortening of what is entitled to delay was not mentioned consecutively in Surat Al-Tawbah because of its concealment and accuracy, and it was not mentioned with the path (but) because it mediates the paths in terms of concealment and manifestation
Measuring Nursing Student’s Performance, Attitude and Psychological Impact of Different Evaluation Approaches in Simulation Education at Arab American University- Palestine
No full textThis study aimed to compare the competency and psychological impact of using the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to the traditional evaluation methods (TEM) in evaluating cardiology skills among nursing simulation students. Thirty-two students were initially assessed using TEM, and one week later using the OSCE. Scores of the student competency were compared using paired sample t-tests, while semi-structured interviews were used to expand on qualitative measures. Students\u27 mean scores were significantly higher in using OSCE than in TEM (p\u3c 0.001). Students\u27 attitudes and perceptions of both approaches showed favorable attitudes towards OSCE on most of the items. The qualitative data showed that students with lower GPAs and utilizing the OSCE approach experienced higher anxiety. The psychological impact of evaluation approaches requires additional investigation
Structural Performance of corrugated steel plate shear walls
No full textAbstract- Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls (CoSW) represent a groundbreaking advancement in structural engineering, providing exceptional seismic resilience, energy dissipation, and lateral stiffness compared to traditional flat steel plate shear walls. This paper offers a comprehensive review of CoSW performance under various conditions, including cyclic and seismic loads, with a focus on enhancing geometric configurations and reinforcement techniques. Key innovations such as enhanced corrugation angles, stiffener integration, and strategically designed openings are discussed. Recent progress in computational modeling and experimental validation has further refined design methodologies, ensuring their practical applicability. The review highlights that critical parameters such as corrugation depth, angle, and plate thickness significantly influence structural stiffness, ductility, and buckling resistance. Additionally, the use of stiffeners and optimally positioned openings enhances energy dissipation while minimizing material consumption. Comparative analyses underscore the superior energy absorption and seismic durability of CoSW compared to flat plate systems. The study also emphasizes the importance of enhancing geometric configurations and incorporating advanced reinforcement techniques to maximize seismic performance. Future research directions are outlined, including the exploration of novel materials, composite structures, and refined design codes to address evolving engineering challenges. This review provides a valuable resource for engineers and researchers seeking to develop resilient, cost-effective shear wall systems for modern infrastructure