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Values of Oral Literature in African Society: A Case of Yorùbá Folksongs and Traditional Festivals
Get PDFFolksongs and traditional festivals are central to almost every activity of the Yoruba people. The contemporary world is full of pains, worries, sufferings and despair and various anti-social activities, in spite of pompous claims and glaring efforts of science and technology in solving old problems to create many new ones. Hence, every individual needs to relax, amuse, and get his or her mind off the dull struggles, worries and sorrows of life through folksongs and festivals. The Yoruba folksongs and festivals as soul-searchers and soul-menders therefore, serve the aesthetic, therapeutic and communicative purposes as tension relievers as well as elixir through which individuals are firmly reassured that there is still hope for humanity. Folksongs and traditional festivals, as manifestations of oral literary genre, possess the remarkable ability to simultaneously entertain, educate, heal and provide solace in individuals. Through them, virtues of the community are upheld and cultural values are projected. It thus concluded that Yoruba folksongs and festivals are a vital communicative instrument for pleasure and a therapy to heal and soothe individuals. Therefore, it is recommended that the Yoruba people continue to utilize folksongs as a means of entertaining, educating, consoling, and comforting themselves as the need arises. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of preserving and perpetuating traditional festival celebrations in Yoruba society, as they serve as a unifying force among the people and a potent platform for showcasing the rich culture and traditions of the Yoruba people to the wider world. Other African societies should also intensify efforts in employing folksongs and festival performances to project their respective cultural identity to the wider world
The Smart Village Approach for Employing Technology to Enhance Quality of Life and Achieve Sustainability in Rural Areas
Get PDFThe construction of smart villages represents an innovative and forward-thinking vision aimed at bringing about a radical transformation in the lives of rural communities. It seeks to integrate advanced technology and smart solutions into the very core of the infrastructure and services provided to village residents. In a world characterized by rapid development and accelerating changes, it has become essential to keep up with technological advancements and promote sustainable development worldwide, including in rural areas. Smart villages serve as an innovative model for sustainable development, striving to enhance the quality of life for their residents by providing a more efficient and intelligent living environment. They aim to strike a balance between economic, social, and environmental development, with a focus on the optimal use of natural resources and renewable energy. Through smart villages, it can address many of the challenges faced by rural communities, such as a lack of basic services, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to modern technology. They offer innovative solutions to these problems, contributing to improved living standards and enhanced social and economic well-being for their residents. Integrating technology into smart villages presents immense opportunities for enhancing public services such as healthcare, education, communication, and transportation. By utilizing sensors, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, it is possible to monitor the surrounding environment, improve energy efficiency, and enhance security and safety. The construction of smart villages is not merely a technological project but a comprehensive vision for sustainable development. It is a step towards a smarter and more sustainable future, where rural communities can thrive and develop alongside modern cities.
This research paper primarily aims to explore the feasibility of applying the smart village concept as a suitable means to enhance sustainability in rural development. The study relies on two types of findings: first, it presents a review of studies related to the subject as a theoretical foundation for the links between the concept of sustainable rural development and the smart village; second, it reveals the results of empirical research through a study of three villages that have been transformed into smart villages. By analyzing their priorities, the problems faced by the project, and the solutions implemented, the government can conclude on the potential of rural areas and communities to apply the smart village concept to Egyptian villages
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Circular Microchannel Using SiO₂ Nanofluids
Get PDFA numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow characteristics and heat transfer performance of a circular microchannel. using water and SiO₂+pure water nanofluids with volume fractions of 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%. The microchannel was subjected to a constant heat flux of 100W, and the pressure drop, friction factor, and thermal resistance were evaluated for different Reynolds numbers ranging from 250 to 850. The results show that the addition of SiO₂ nanoparticles enhances the thermal performance of the microchannel by reducing the thermal resistance by up to 1.9% compared to pure water. However, the pressure drop increases with higher Np concentrations, reaching a maximum of 3485 Pa for the 1% volume fraction, with 5.8% increase in compare with water. The friction factor for nanofluid of volume fraction 1% increase in compare with pure water with 4.7%. The study demonstrates that SiO₂ nanofluids provide improved cooling performance while maintaining an acceptable pressure drop, making them suitable for advanced thermal management in microchannel systems
The Degree of Commitment of Public School Teachers in the Ramtha District to the Ethics of the Teaching Profession in Light of Post-COVID Developments From the Perspective of Principals and Teachers
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the degree of commitment of public school teachers in the Ramtha district to the ethics of the teaching profession, considering post-COVID developments from the perspectives of principals and teachers. A descriptive survey method was employed, utilizing a questionnaire as the data collection tool. This was administered to a sample of 347 principals and teachers, selected through simple random sampling. The study\u27s findings indicated a high degree of commitment among public school teachers in the Ramtha district to the teaching profession\u27s ethics post-COVID. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found at the significance level (α=0.05) in the mean scores of the study sample\u27s assessments of teacher commitment based on the variables years of experience and job title. However, statistically significant differences were identified based on the variables gender and educational stage, with variations favoring females and the primary stage, respectively. The study recommends that teachers continue adhering to the ethics of the teaching profession in light of post-COVID developments, focusing on areas such as students, the local community and parents, colleagues, and the school
Comparing Two Types of Distraction (Passive and Active) During Primary Mandibular Molar Pulpotomy (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Get PDFObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the types of passive distraction - by watching cartoons - and active distraction - by video games - during pulpotomy on the primary mandibular molars in children.
Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 70 children who were randomly divided into two groups according to the distraction method used:
Group (1): 35 children who used the active distraction technique by video games through a wireless gaming handpiece.
Group (2): 35 children who used the passive distraction technique by watching cartoons films.
Children were selected from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry - Damascus University, who needed pulpotomy in primary mandibular molar. All children were assessed using: the modified Wong-Baker Faces Scale as a self-report, and the \u27HOUPT\u27 for crying scale as a non-self-
report, and assessment was conducted first after the anesthesia injection and the second time after completion of the treatment.
Results: The (One Way-Anova) test was conducted to evaluate differences between two groups, Active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety by HOUPT scale for crying after local anesthesia P = (0.001) and no statistically significant differences in the end of treatment. for the Wong-Baker faces scale active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety after the local anesthesia and at the end of the treatment, P = (0.000). Thus, active distraction was superior in reducing fear and anxiety during the pulpotomy procedure in children .
Conclusion: Passive and active distraction techniques are successful and effective during dental procedures in children, with the superiority of active distraction by video games in reducing fear and anxiety in children
درجة توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية في إنجاز المهام المدرسية المطلوبة
Get PDFهدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية في إنجاز المهام المطلوبة من وجهة نظر معلمي المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في مدارس محافظة مادبا، استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث تكونت عينة الدراسة من (320) معلمًا و(290) معلمة للمرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الحكومية في مديرية التربية والتعليم للواء قصبة مادبا/ الأردن، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحث بتطوير مقياس توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية، والتحقق من خصائصه السيكومترية، وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية في إنجاز المهام المطلوبة من وجهة نظر معلمي المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في مدارس محافظة مادبا جاءت بدرجة متوسطة، كما توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة ( α=0.05) في مقياس توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية يعزى لمتغير العمر ولصالح المعلمات الإناث، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة ( α=0.05) في مقياس توظيف الوسائل الإلكترونية يعزى لمتغير الخبرة وجاءت لصالح ذوي الخبرة ( 6-10) سنوات. وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصى الباحث بعدة توصيات منها: اعداد المعلمين وتمكينهم من الممارسات التدريسية الحديثة والاتجاهات التعليمية المبنية وفقا للمعايير الإلكترونية، وتوفير البنية التحتية المناسبة في المدارس والتجهيزات اللازمة من مختبرات حاسوب وشبكات إنترنت عالية الجودة.
The study aimed to identify the degree of employing electronic means in accomplishing the required tasks from the point of view of secondary government school teachers in the schools of Madaba Governorate. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach. Where the study sample consisted of (320) male and (290) secondary school teachers in public schools. The Directorate of Education of the Qasaba Madaba / Jordan, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a scale for the use of electronic means, and verified its psychometric properties. The results of the study showed that the degree of employing electronic means in accomplishing the required tasks from the point of view of secondary government school teachers in the schools of Madaba governorate came to a moderate degree. Electronic means are attributed to the variable of age and in favor of female teachers. The results of the study also showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the scale of employing electronic means due to the variable of experience and came in favor of those with experience (6-10) years. In the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: preparing teachers and enabling them to adopt modern teaching practices and educational trends based on electronic standards, and providing appropriate infrastructure in schools and the necessary equipment such as computer laboratories and high-quality Internet networks
Assessment of Physical and Ergonomic Hazards and Their Compliance with National Standards. A Case Study
Get PDFOccupational hazards are a significant concern in high-risk environments such as petroleum operating companies, where workers are exposed to various risks, including chemical, physical, mechanical, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors. Effective management of these hazards is essential to protect the health and safety of employees and maintain operational efficiency. This study aims to assess physical hazards including a-weighted equivalent noise levels, heat stress, Lightning and Ergonomics in a petroleum operating company in Egypt, and to check its conformity with national standards. Physical environment (Noise, heat stress and illumination) in different worksites were assessed using calibrated direct reading instruments to evaluate the exposure levels according to the standards ISO 9612, ISO 7234 and ISO 8995 respectively. Simple Ergonomic risk assessment at different jobs categories were using “ErgoPlus” Job Screen software. Occupational hazards such as A-Weighted Equivalent Noise levels, Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures and Lightning were assessed in different worksites and activities such as tank area, sewage treatment unit, laboratories, kitchen, offices, workshops (foundries, welding, cars and carpentry), motility shops (production, mechanics, electrical workshop). The findings highlight key areas requiring immediate attention and provide actionable recommendations to reduce noise levels in this location to acceptable levels. The measured values of wet bulb globe temperature and illumination were lower than the threshold limit values, in all locations. Hence, the exposures are safe, and no health effects are expected. This study offers a valuable framework for enhancing safety standards and contributing to occupational health and safety knowledge in the petroleum industry
Performance optimization of Bi2Te3 thermoelectric generator system under low operating heat fluxes
Get PDFIt is essential to boost thermoelectric generator performance because recent studies have revealed lower efficiency. Its leg dimensions and the thickness of the copper strip could be changed to achieve this. With its innovative approach of establishing the P-N legs\u27 optimal dimensions while considering all interactions at lower operational heat fluxes, the present research aims to be fruitful for common applications. A comprehensive TEG model was created, utilizing a single objective optimization method. Key performance parameters, including voltage, hot side temperature, output power, and conversion efficiency, were evaluated through simulations and compared to conventional TEG systems. The findings showed that the cross-sectional area and leg length significantly in-fluence the performance parameters. In contrast, there is little change in the conducting plate\u27s thickness. For instance, a P-N paired with a leg length of 4 mm produces 0.0001 W and 0.004 W, respectively, for two different heat fluxes of 5 kW/m2 and 25 kW/m2. Respectively, resulting in corresponding efficiencies of 1.21% and 6.03%. Utilizing a genetic algorithm, the optimum values for the leg cross-section, length, and conducting plate thickness were determined to be 1.355 mm2, 0.653 mm, and 3.998 mm, respectively. The suggested design maximizes TEG-generated volt-age, hot side temperature, power, and conventional efficiency by 257 %, 126 %, 316 %, and 257 %, respectively, over the traditional system at a 25 kW/m2 heat flux
Challenges of Sustainable Infrastructure in Egypt for Contractors, Consultants, and Owners
Get PDFThis research investigates the multifaceted challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainable infrastructure in Egypt from the perspectives of key stakeholders—contractors, consultants, and owners. It uses structured questionnaires to draw on a comprehensive literature review and a field study. These questionnaires were distributed to experts across three vital sectors: roads and bridges, water and sewage networks, and ports and shore protection. A total of 95 participants completed the survey, surpassing the statistically required sample size of 61, calculated using Kish\u27s 1965 formula, thereby enhancing the robustness of the findings. Key barriers identified include high initial costs, insufficient operational funding, lack of awareness and technical expertise, and inconsistent regulatory policies. Additionally, bureaucratic inefficiencies, weak market demand, and focus on short-term profits hinder sustainable practices. To overcome these difficulties, the study advocates for raising awareness, strategic planning, and the implementation of robust regulatory frameworks. Emphasizing innovative technologies, diversified funding, efficient resource management, and promoting social inclusion and sustainability are essential for long-term resilience. For long-term resilience, emphasis is placed on innovation, climate change mitigation, and aligning projects with sustainability goals. These findings provide critical insights for the government, policymakers, and industry leaders striving to advance Egypt’s sustainable infrastructure objectives in alignment with its Vision 2030