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Historical Criticism According to Abu Ali Ahmad bin Muhammad Bin Yaqoub Miskawayh 320-421 AH / 932-1030 AD: His Book the Experiences of Nations and the Succession of Desires is an Example
Full text linkObjectives: There are many references that specialize in Miskawayh\u27s moral philosophy, especially books, as well as precise and specialized research, while we did not find this interest among researchers in the subject of historical criticism at Miskawayh, except for a few published and peer-reviewed scientific researches, which covered limited aspects about his approach to writing history, and his style in recording the narratives of the first sedition was absent from them, especially during the reign of Othman bin Affan, and what happened during the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib, as well as Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, and did not shed light on his approach when dealing with the personality of Omar bin Al-Khattab, and his role in the wars of apostasy and conquests, and Miskawayh was distinguished from others in recording the movement of the conquests of Persia. Methodology: Previous studies did not address the historical method of Miskawayh in depth, but rather it was more like a quick browse that included analyzing the contents of the indexes of the volumes of his book Experiences of Nations, and regurgitating the introduction that Miskawayh wrote, in which he had talked about the reasons for writing his book, which put the researcher in front of a real challenge, pushing him to re-read the material again, sort out everything related to the historical criticism method of Miskawayh, transcribe its contents onto papers, re-read it again, and re-classify and categorize it, so that this contributed to forming a backbone that shows everything that distinguished Miskawayh in terms of historical criticism, and comparing it to other methods and approaches, especially the historical documentation method of al-Tabari. Results: The contents of his book, The Experiences of Nations, indicate that he did not mention anything about the origin of creation, and began his book by mentioning the history of the Persian state of Vishdadin, and was interested in Persian culture, and did not expand on the history of early Islam except with what is related to the history of Persia, and was interested in the history of the messengers and kings, and did not mention anything about the miracles and policies of the prophets, so he was satisfied in the prophetic era with mentioning the battles of Hunayn and the Trench
نفاذ عقد الايجار في حق الغير واثاره القانونية The validity of the lease contract against third parties and its legal effects
Full text linkهدفت هذه الدراسة الى تبيان متى يكون عقد الايجار نافذا في حق الغير والاثار القانونية المترتبة على نفاذ او عدم نفاذه، وذلك من خلال تبيان متى يشترط ان يكون عقد الايجار ثابت التاريخ للاحتجاج به في مواجهة الغير، وتحديد مسألة انعقاد عقد الايجار وصحته لنفاذه في حق الغير، وتوضيح اثر انتقال ملكية العين المؤجرة وسريان عقد الايجار في حق المالك الجديد، من حيث انتقال حقوق والتزامات السلف الى الخلف وما يتعلق منها بالأجرة، وذلك لإظهار مدى اختلاف النصوص التشريعية الناظمة لنفاذ عقد الايجار في حق الغير واثاره القانونية في فلسطين.
This study aimed to clarify when a lease contract is enforceable against third parties and the legal effects resulting from its enforceability or non-enforceability, by clarifying when it is required that the lease contract be of a fixed date in order to be used as evidence against third parties, determining the issue of the conclusion of the lease contract and its validity for its enforceability against third parties, and clarifying the effect of the transfer of ownership of the leased property and the validity of the lease contract against the new owner, in terms of the transfer of the rights and obligations of the predecessor to the successor and what is related to the rent, in order to show the extent of the difference in the legislative texts regulating the enforceability of the lease contract against third parties and its legal effects in Palestin
Childhood Experiences of Care, Emotional Abuse and Self-Esteem among University Students
Full text linkChildhood abuse is a global issue with deep-rooted consequences. In addition, childhood abuse causes stress associated with early mental health interruption. Child abuse also causes children to suffer and can lead to long-term outcomes such as low self-esteem in their teenage years. Thus, this work has examined the relationship between childhood experience and self-esteem. The sample population of this work was comprised of public and private university students from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size of this work was 155 students. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaire. In addition, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Family Relationship in Childhood Questionnaire (CECA.Q3) were used to measure childhood experience of violence and care and it effects on self-esteem. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results have shown that there is a significant positive statistical relationship between antipathy and child abuse. In addition, the findings have shown that that undergraduate students have more self-esteem than postgraduate students. Furthermore, the results showed that self-esteem ratings were different in terms of gender
L’enseignement des langues dans une perspective interdisciplinaire : une approche réticulaire pour l’enseignement du FLE
Full text linkIn this paper, we willexamine the issue of teaching FLE (French Foreign Language) using dynamic methods to design learning sequences. The methodical framework makes it possible to design content capable of meeting the expectations of the target learners and achieving the objectives set by the general learning context. Certainly, there is a great challenge in diversifying methods due to the different variables encountered: learners\u27 levels, their needs, teaching objectives (academic, professional, social, cultural...). Thus, FLE teaching must be open to new paradigms by creating contextual situations that stimulate different disciplines and several fields of knowledge. Interdisciplinarity in the educational sciences makes it possible to adopt a holistic approach to the various aspects of education, and each discipline can make an effective and efficient contribution to the balanced training of learners
La pratique intermédiale, vers une nouvelle approcheinterdisciplinaire : perspectives théoriques et pratiques scripturales, cas de la télévision et dutéléphone dans l’œuvre de Fatou Diome, Le Ventre de l’Atlantique (2003)
No full textIn the digital age, new literary forms are emerging within the post-modernist novel, particularly in french. The latter, whose aesthetic and formal construction, increasingly draws on media or artistic motifs that orient literary writing towards new aesthetic and discursive practices that break with structuralist formalism, most often based on the classic narrative schema of Julien Greimas or the actantial schema of Vladimir Propp. Thus, we are talking today about the interdisciplinary or polydisciplinary, hydrid or transcultural text, wich integrates paraliterary motifs such as the media with the aim of creating a new “vision of the world” based on exchange and interculturality; also to produce a scenography adaptable to cinema, screenplay, comics, etc., and permeable to several interpretations. Indeed, this contribution is based on the observation of the abundant intermediality in contemporary African productions (artistic, literary). Taking the example of the novel Le Ventre de l’Atlantique by Fatou Dioma, the study is based on the intermedial approach which focuses on the way in wich television is integrated into the architecture of this word in order to finally highlight the issues that lie in the cohabitation between literature and media supports that participate in the construction of the novel and constitute a central element in the quest for an identity in crisis. In doing so, television in the novel in question “reconnects” the migrant character of Fatou Diome to her origins while allowing her to mark her anchoring in her adopted land
Pour une recherche plus décloisonnée : l’approche stylistique, génétique et forensique
No full textThis article is intended to be an account of our scientific project, a project carried out by crossing disciplinary boundaries, going through several stages in order to achieve more decompartmentalized research, to adopt a multidisciplinary approach of stylistic, genetic and computer science. In order to approach the complex question of style in Flaubert, the one which represents the sovereign image of the writer par excellence, we followed in an initial phase a philological study, resembling the study of genesis in vogue at the turn of the century of the 19th and 20th centuries. After this work carried out on the notebooks of this writer, we were forced to move on to his manuscripts and to practice genetic criticism, according to a rigorous method and a more fruitful science. However, it is thanks to the stylistico-genetic approach developed in the third phase that we managed to effectively address the problem of our research centered on the aporetic and holistic questions of style and Scripture. At this stage, we have made extensive use of the contribution of digital humanities and mainly of hypertextual editing of manuscripts. Our research therefore becomes more decompartmentalized by using an approach called “forensics” based on computer technology, an essential method for processing a natively digital corpus
الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي: دراسة ارتباطية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان
Full text linkهدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف إلى العلاقة بين الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي: دراسة ارتباطية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي لملاءمته أغراض الدراسة، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة من طلبة المرحلة الثانوية والبالغ عددهم (384) طالباً وطالبة، وتبين من خلال النتائج أن مستوى الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي، والتحصيل الأكاديمي مرتفع المستوى لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان. وأظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة إيجابية طردية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الذكاء العاطفي والنمو الأخلاقي والتحصيل الأكاديمي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس قصبة عمان، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تضمين الذكاء العاطفي في البرامج التعليمية للطلاب، وضرورة تكامل مفاهيم الأخلاق والقيم في المواد الدراسية
The study aimed to identify the relationship between emotional intelligence, moral development, and academic achievement: a correlational study among secondary school students in Kasbah Amman schools. The descriptive correlational approach was used to suit the purposes of the study, and the study sample was selected in a simple random way from the secondary school students, which numbered (384) students from both genders. The results showed that the level of emotional intelligence, moral development, and academic achievement is high among secondary school students in Kasbah Amman schools. The results showed a positive, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence, moral development, and academic achievement among secondary school students in Kasbah Amman schools. The study recommended the need to include emotional intelligence in educational programs for students, and the need to integrate the concepts of morals and values into academic subject
تطوير دور الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية في ضوء التوجهات المستقبلية
Full text linkهدف البحث التعرف إلى دور الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية في ضوء التوجهات المستقبلية، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي والاستبانة طبقت على عينة بلغت (500) عضو من أعضاء هيئة تدريس في أربع جامعات سعودية، وهي (جامعة الملك خالد، وجامعة الملك سعود، وجامعة الملك فيصل، وجامعة بيشة) وجاءت موافقة استجابات عينة البحث حول واقع دور الجامعات السعودية في تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية في ضوء التوجهات المستقبلية بدرجة موافقة متوسطة ؛ وجاءت موافقة استجابات عينة البحث حول آليات تحقيق التوجهات المستقبلية بدرجة موافقة كبيرة ؛ وجاءت موافقة استجابات عينة البحث حول متطلبات تطوير دور الجامعات السعودية في تحقيق التوجهات المستقبلية بدرجة موافقة كبيرة؛ ولا توجد فروق في استجابات عينة البحث حول واقع دور الجامعات السعودية في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية في ضوء التوجهات المستقبلية، وآليات تحقيقها، ومتطلبات تطوير دور الجامعات السعودية في تحقيق التوجهات المستقبلية تعزى لمتغير الجنس والجامعة. وتم التوصل إلى عدد من التوصيات، ومنها: تبني الجامعات السعودية برامج تعليمية في مرحلة (البكالوريوس والدراسات العليا) ترتبط بشكل وثيق مع احتياجات سوق العمل المحلي، إنشاء مجلس بوزارة التعليم للتعاون مع الشركات والمؤسسات الاقتصادية لتحديد المهارات المطلوبة لسوق العمل وتطوير برامج تدريبية متخصصة تسهم في إعداد خريجين يمتلكون المهارات اللازمة لدعم النمو الاقتصادي، وتبني تقنيات التعليم الحديثة مثل: التعلم الإلكتروني والذكاء الاصطناعي، ومجالات التكنولوجيا والابتكار لضمان قدرة الجامعات السعودية على دعم التحولات الاقتصادية المستقبلية.
The article aimed to identify the role of Saudi universities in promoting economic development in light of future trends. The descriptive approach was used and the questionnaire was applied to a sample of (500) faculty members in four Saudi universities, namely (King Khalid University, King Saud University, and King University Faisal, and Bisha University) The research sample\u27s responses agreed with the reality of the role of Saudi universities in promoting economic development in light of future trends with a \u27medium\u27 degree of approval; The research sample\u27s responses regarding mechanisms for achieving future directions agreed with a \u27large\u27 degree of agreement. The research sample’s responses regarding the requirements for developing the role of Saudi universities in achieving future trends were agreed with a large degree of agreement. There are no differences in the responses of the research sample regarding the reality of the role of Saudi universities in achieving economic development in light of future trends, the mechanisms for achieving them, and the requirements for developing the role of Saudi universities in achieving future trends due to the variable of gender and university. A number of recommendations were reached, including: Saudi universities adopting educational programs at the bachelor’s and postgraduate levels that are closely linked to the needs of the local labor market, establishing a council at the Ministry of Education to cooperate with companies and economic institutions to determine the skills required for the labor market, and developing specialized training programs that contribute to Preparing graduates who possess the necessary skills to support economic growth, and adopt modern educational technologies such as: e-learning, artificial intelligence, and fields of technology and innovation to ensure the ability of Saudi universities to support future economic transformations
مدى انتشار ظاهرة التنمر الإلكتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في بيروت
Full text linkركّز البحث على قضية مهمة وأساسية ومشكلة تربوية واجتماعية بالغة الخطورة، من خلال الكشف عن درجة انتشار سلوك التنمر الإلكتروني لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في مدينة بيروت. لذا هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد نسبة انتشار التنمر الإلكتروني لدى هؤلاء الطلاب، وتحديد أكثر الأشكال استخداما، وكذلك الكشف عن حقيقة وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي درجات الذّكور والإناث على مقياس سلوك التنمّر الإلكتروني. ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الغاية، اعتمدت الباحثة في بحثها على المنهج الوصفي وطبقت مقياس التنمر الإلكتروني على عينة عشوائية من 1152 طالبا وطالبة في المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الرسمية في بيروت. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن نسبة التلاميذ المستطلعين من غير المتنمرين إلكترونياً بلغت 60.24%، في مقابل 39.76% من المتنمرين إلكترونياً في المدارس الرسمية في مدينة بيروت، بالإضافة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتعلمين الذكور والمتعلمات الإناث في درجة انتشار ظاهرة التنمر الإلكتروني، وذلك لصالح الذكور. وقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة إجراء المزيد من الأبحاث والدراسات من أجل التعرف على أسباب هذه الظاهرة للحد منها، وكذلك ضرورة إعداد برامج وحلقات توعوية لمواجهة هذه المشكلة
The article focused on an important and fundamental issue and a very serious educational and social problem, by revealing the degree of spread of cyberbullying behavior among middle school students in public schools in the city of Beirut. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying among these students, identify the most commonly used forms, and also reveal the fact that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of males and females on the cyberbullying behavior scale. In order to achieve this goal, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach in her research and applied the cyberbullying scale to a random sample of 1,152 middle school students in public schools in Beirut. The study found that the percentage of non-cyberbullying students surveyed was 60.24%, compared to 39.76% of cyberbullies in public schools in Beirut. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between male and female learners in cyberbullying, in favor of males. The study recommended conducted further research to identify the causes of this phenomenon in order to reduce it and reduce its impact, as well as the need to prepare awareness programs and seminars to confront this problem. It also emphasized the importance of organizing awareness programs and seminars to address this issu