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Evaluation of Machine and Deep Learning Models for Predicting Water Distillate Rate
No full textFreshwater scarcity has become a critical global challenge due to rapid population growth and environmental pollution caused by industrial and urban expansion. Solar stills offer a sustainable solution by desalinating impure water using solar energy, making them valuable for domestic, industrial, and academic applications. However, traditional methods for optimizing solar still performance face significant limitations, including time-consuming experimental data collection, computational inaccuracies, and high development costs. To address these challenges, this study leverages machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to predict the distilled water production rate of solar stills before physical construction or modification. A heat pump solar still (HPSS) was used as the test case, with meteorological data serving as key input features for model training. The results demonstrate that data preprocessing, particularly normalization, enhances prediction accuracy. Among the tested models, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF) delivered the best performance, with RF emerging as the most robust, balancing low error rates (with 62.8% MSE reduction) and high R-squared values. Additionally, solar radiation was identified as the most influential factor in predicting distillate output. This research highlights the potential of AI-driven predictive modeling to optimize solar desalination systems and improve freshwater production efficiency
The Level of Administrative Governance in Jordanian Public Universities in the Northern Region from Faculty Members\u27 Point of View
No full textThe study aimed to identify the level of administrative governance in Jordanian public universities in the northern region from the perspective of faculty members, and to examine the effect of variables (gender, specialization, and academic rank) on the estimates of the study sample for that level. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 346 faculty members selected through simple random sampling. The results indicated that the level of administrative governance in Jordanian public universities in the northern region was moderate from the faculty members\u27 point of view. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found at the α = 0.05 level due to the gender variable in favor of females, and due to the specialization variable in favor of the humanities. No statistically significant differences were observed based on academic rank. The study recommends confirming the adoption of administrative governance by universities and working to raise awareness of its dimensions, mechanisms, and objectives to facilitate its effective implementation
توظيف الريادة الاستراتيجية في إدارة الازمة واتخاذ القرار: دراسة نظرية تحليلية
No full textأكدت الدراسة الوصفية التحليلية على إمكانية توظيف الريادة الاستراتيجية متمثلة بتقبل المخاطرة والاستباقية واستثمار الفرص والمرونة والابداع والابتكار في إدارة الأزمة من خلال وضع الخطط والأنشطة الملائمة للتعامل مع الأوضاع الطارئة لأجل احتوائها وضبطها عبر مراحل تنطلق من المدخلات لإدارة الازمة لتحديد الإجراءات العملية والنتائج المحتملة لها بما يسمح باتخاذ القرار بشكل موضوعي ينطلق بدوره من مدخلات تستند إلى ما قدمته خطة إدارة الازمة من معطيات وحلول تجعل من إمكانية اتخاذ القرار المستندة إلى القرارات الريادية أكثر مرونة وقدرة على التعامل مع التهديدات ما يضمن احتواء الازمة وتجاوزها من خلال وضع تصور مقترح لخطوات عملية تحقق ذلك.
The descriptive analytical study of administrative literature and previous studies confirmed the possibility of employing strategic leadership represented by accepting risk, proactivity, investing opportunities, flexibility, creativity and innovation in crisis management by developing appropriate plans and activities to deal with emergency situations in order to contain and control them through stages that start from the inputs to manage the crisis to determine the practical procedures and their potential results, which allows for making the decision objectively, which in turn starts from inputs based on what the crisis management plan provider of data and solutions that make it possible to make a decision based on pioneering decisions, which makes it more flexible and capable of dealing with threats to ensure containing the crisis and overcoming it by developing a proposed vision for practical steps to achieve thi
مستوى مقروئية نصوص مقرر (الفلسفة والعلوم الإنسانية) للصف الثالث الثانوي في الجمهورية العربية السورية. Readability Level of Texts in the (Philosophy and Humanities) Curriculum for the Third Secondary Grade in the Syrian Arab Republic
No full textهدف البحث إلى تحديد مستوى مقروئية نصوص مقرر (الفلسفة والعلوم الإنسانية) للصف الثالث الثانوي في الجمهورية العربية السورية، ومعرفـة الفـروق المعنوية بين درجات تطبيقهم تبعاً لمتغيرات النوع الاجتماعي، والمحافظة، ونوع الموضوع. اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكونت عينة البحث من (274) طالباً وطالبة من مدارس مديريتي تربية دمشق وريفها، واستخدم اختبار كلوز مقروئية نصوص عينة البحث التي تكونت من (7) نصوص موزعة على موضوعات الفلسفة وعلم النفس وعلم الاجتماع.
وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث: أن مستوى مقروئية نصوص مقرر (الفلسفة والعلوم الإنسانية) للصف الثالث الثانوي في الجمهورية العربية السورية كان ضمن المستوى الإحباطي، كما أظهرت نتائج البحث وجود فرق دال إحصائياً بين درجات أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغيري النوع الاجتماعي لمصلحة الإناث، ووجود فرق دال إحصائياً بين درجات أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغير المحافظة لمصلحة طلبة محافظة ريف دمشق، كما وجدت فروق دالة إحصائياً بين درجات أفراد العينة تعزى لمتغير نوع الموضوع لمصلحة موضوعات علم النفس.
The study aimed to determine the readability level of texts in the (Philosophy and Humanities) curriculum for the third secondary grade in the Syrian Arab Republic and to identify significant differences in the scores of readability levels based on variables such as gender, governorate, and subject type. The research utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology, with a sample of (274) male and female students from the schools of the Damascus and Rural Damascus Education Directorates. The study employed the Cloze Test to measure the readability of the selected texts, which included 7 texts covering topics in philosophy, psychology, and sociology.
The results of the study showed that the readability level of the texts in the (Philosophy and Humanities) curriculum for the third secondary grade was at the frustration level. The findings also indicated a statistically significant difference in the scores of the sample group based on gender, favoring females, as well as a significant difference based on the governorate, favoring students from Rural Damascus. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference based on the subject type, with psychology topics showing higher readability scores
مدى تضمين أولوية البيئة والموارد الطبيعية برؤية عُمان ٢٠٤٠ في كتب الدراسات الاجتماعية للصفوف (٥-١٠). The Extent of the Inclusion of Environment Priority and Natural Resources in Oman Vision 2024in Social studies Textbooks for Grades (5-10).
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى استقصاء مدى تضمين محتوى مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية للصفوف (5-10) في سلطنة عمان لأولوية البيئة والموارد الطبيعية التي تضمنتها رؤية عمان ٢٠٤٠؛ ولتحقيق ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي في تحليل مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية للصفوف من (5-10)، ولجمع بيانات الدراسة تم استخدام بطاقة تحليل تضمنت الأهداف السبعة للأولوية المذكورة، التي تشمل (26) مؤشرًا بجانب، خمس وحدات تحليل، استخلصها الباحثون وهي تمثل البنية المعرفية للمحتوى كالأمثلة، والخصائص أو السمات والإشكاليات، والإحصاءات. وخلصت نتائج الدراسة عن تضمن الأهداف السبعة لأولوية البيئة والموارد الطبيعية في مناهج الدراسات الاجتماعية للصفوف (٥-١0)، وقد تصدر الهدف السادس طاقة متجدِّدة ومصادر متنوعة وترشيد الاستهلاك لتحقيق أَمْنِ الطاقة قائمة الأهداف بنسبة تكرار بلغت (٣٢.٤٪)، في حين جاء الهدف الخامس: اقتصاد أخضر ودائري يستجيب للاحتياجات الوطنية، وينسجم مع التَّوَجُّه العالمي في المركز السابع بنسبة تكرارات بلغت (١.٧٠٪). أما أشكال تضمين تلك المؤشرات، فقد ظهر أن السمات والخصائص كانت الأكثر تمثيلًا في التضمين بنسبة بلغت (٥٧.٤٪)، تلتها الأمثلة بنسبة (٣٣.٩٪)، والإشكاليات بنسبة (٦.٦٪)، والتعريفات البيئية بنسبة (١.٩٪)، وأخيرًا الإحصاءات بنسبة تضمين (٠.١٥٪). واستنادًا إلى هذه النتائج، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تحقيق توازن في تضمين المؤشرات الرئيسية والفرعية للأولوية البيئيّة والموارد الطبيعية برؤية عمان ٢٠٤٠، وكذلك الاستفادة من البنى المعرفية الخمسة (المفاهيم، والسمات والخصائص، والأمثلة، والإشكاليات، والإحصاءات) في تضمين المحتوى بطريقة تساعد الطلبة على فهم المحتوى البيئي بشكل أكثر شمولًا.
The study aimed to investigate the extent to which the content of social studies curricula for grades (5-10) in the Sultanate of Oman includes the priority of the environment and natural resources included in the Oman 2040 Vision. To achieve this aim, the study employed the descriptive research method for analyzing five social studies textbooks, and a content analysis checklist that includes the seven objectives of the aforementioned priority, which includes (26) indicators extracted by the researchers, as well as five analysis units that represent the cognitive structure of the content (examples, characteristics or attributes, problems, and statistics(.
The results revealed the presence of the first seven goals of the environment and natural resources in the social studies curricula for grades (5-10), and the sixth goal, “Renewable energy, diverse sources, and rationalization of consumption to achieve energy security,” topped the list of goals with a frequency of (32.4%), while the fifth goal: “A green and circular economy’ responds to national needs and is consistent with the global trend” came in the seventh place with a frequency of (1.70%). As for the forms of inclusion of these indicators, it appeared that attributes and characteristics were the most represented in the inclusion at a rate of (57.4%), followed by examples at a rate of (33.9%), problems at a rate of (6.6). %), and environmental definitions at a rate of (1. 9%) and finally statistics with an inclusion rate (0.15%). Based on these results, the study recommended the need to achieve a balance in including the main and sub-indicators of environmental priority and natural resources in the Oman 2040 Vision, as well as making use of the five cognitive structures (concepts, attributes and characteristics, examples, problems, and statistics) in including them in the content in a way that helps students understand the environmental content more comprehensively
فاعلية نموذج نيدهام البنائي في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد في مادة الفيزياء لدى طلاب الصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن. The effectiveness of Needham\u27s constructivist Model in developing Critical Thinking skills in Physics for Tenth Grade Students in Jordan
No full textهدفت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن فاعلية التدريس وفق نموذج نيدهام البنائي في تنمية مهارات التفكير الناقد في الفيزياء لدى طلبة الصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن، تم تطبيق اختبار مهارات التفكير الناقد المكون من (25 ) فقرة على عينة قصدية حجمها (53) طالباً في مدارس محافظة المفرق بالأردن، توزعوا على مجموعتين: تجريبية فيها (27) طالباً درسوا وفق نموذج نيدهام البنائي وضابطة فيها (26) طالباً درسوا بالطريقة الاعتيادية، أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً عند (α = 0.05) بين متوسطات علامات طلاب مجموعتي الدراسة على اختبار مهارات التفكير الناقد لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. أوصت الدراسة باستخدام نموذج نيدهام البنائي في تعليم الفيزياء.
The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of teaching Physics using Needham\u27s constructivist Model in developing the critical thinking skills of tenth -grade students in Jordan. A critical thinking test consisting of (25) items, was applied over purposively sample consisting of (53) students in Mafraq -Jordan schools, randomly distributed into two groups: (1) as an experimental group which contains (27) students who were taught by the Needham\u27s constructivist Model, (2) as a control group which contains (26) students. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the averages of the two groups in critical thinking skills as a whole in favor of the experimental group. The study recommended the use of Needham\u27s constructivist Model in teaching physics
he Path of Literary Classification according to Abu Mansur al-Tha\u27alibi The Book «Lata\u27if al-Lutf» as Model
No full textThis research is concerned with studying the path of literary classification for Abu Mansour Abdul-Malik bin Mohammad AlThaalibi (350-429 AH/ 961-1038 AD) through his book Lataif Al-Lotf.
This research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion.
The introduction includes a definition of the research, its importance, problem, hypotheses, objectives, methodology, and plan.
The preface includes an introduction to Abu Mansur al-Thaalbi: his life, his writings, and his status.
The first chapter introduces the book Lataif Al-Lotf: its occasion, size and sections.
The second chapter sheds light on AlThaalibi’s methodology in composing the book.
The third chapter shows the linguistic, behavioral and medical benefits of the book. Besides, it refers to the disadvantages and corruption mentioned therein – along with virtues and honors. It was the habit of Thaalibi to come along with the merits and honors, an approach followed by many writers of his time.
The conclusion includes several results, the most important of which are:
AlThaalibi followed the approach of many authors in writing his book in response to the desire of one of the presidents of his time. In addition, he included in his book an anthology for most political, social and cultural segments of society.It has become clear to us that the author, despite his accuracy in tabulating the book, sometimes confused those people mentioned in its chapters including princes, rhetoricians, scholars, and others.The research concluded that the book, despite its small size, included many political, scientific and behavioral benefits, as well as a number of verbal and moral corruption aspects
The Factors Behind the Weakness and Decline of the Janissary Corps: Economic, Social, Political and Psychological (1512 - 1826 AD
No full textThe Janissaries turned from an army protecting the Ottoman state and a source of its strength into a source of corruption, weakness and competition for it. They directed their weapons with which they defeated their enemies against the chests of the sultans and the Grand Vizier, permitted the killing of innocents, and subjected the markets to burning, looting and plundering, which caused the state to be covered with blood and weakness and the conquests to stop.
This backwardness was a natural result of several economic factors, including the Jews’ deception of the currency that was paid (salaries) to the Janissaries and the reduction of its value, which prompted them to revolt and demand an increase in salaries and the exchange of currency. The delay in paying salaries was a cause of rebellion and disobedience, in addition to the depletion of resources due to the cessation of conquests. Add to that some social factors such as allowing them to marry after the ban imposed on them by the sultans, which drowned them in marital and family problems.
Some of the political factors that led to the weakness of the Janissaries are the sultans\u27 failure to participate in wars at the head of their armies, starting from the reign of Sultan Suleiman II, their failure to attend and chair the sessions of the Imperial Court, as well as their failure to monitor its work; therefore, they desired and were satisfied to remain in their palaces, which led to the sultans\u27 status being shaken in the eyes of the military powers. This led to an increase in the power of the Grand Vizier and the Janissary Agha. Among the factors of weakness was the emergence of the power of the harem, as a result of the sultans abandoning training their sons for war, and the decline in their efficiency and administrative experience.
In addition to that, there were conflicts and disputes between the brothers over assuming power and the intervention of the Janissaries to resolve disputes.
The compatibility of the interests of the religious class with the interests of the Janissaries and the legitimization of their actions were among the most important factors of weakness and decline, which led to the loss of order, as well as the abuse of people and their demands for gifts and gratuities.
The joining of large numbers of the Janissaries’ sons, in addition to some Armenian, Roman, and Frankish communities, peasants, princes, and divers to the ranks of the Janissaries, granting them agricultural fiefdoms, and allowing them to practice commercial and craft activities, increased the factors of their weakness and failure to catch up with the warriors; it also increased their connection to their fiefdoms and crafts.
All these factors combined made the Janissaries time bombs, weakened them, and turned them into a source of corruption, until they became a burden on the state and the sultans
درجة اكتساب طلبة كلية التربية بجامعة السلطان قابوس لمهارات البحث الإجرائي وصعوبات تنفيذه من خلال إعدادهم لمشروع التخرج. The Level of Acquisition of Action Research Skills and Difficulties in its preperarions Through Graduation Project Among College of Education Students at Sultan Qaboos University
No full textهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن درجة اكتساب طلبة كلية التربية بجامعة السلطان قابوس لمهارات البحث الإجرائي، وصعوبات تنفيذه من خلال تطبيقهم لمشروع التخرج، استخدم لجمع البيانات أداتان: الأولى معايير التقييم لمشروع التخرج المعدة من قبل كلية التربية بجامعة السلطان قابوس، وتكونت العينة لهذه الأداة من ٣٠٠ طالبا بكلية التربية بجامعة السلطان قابوس، والأداة الثانية كانت عبارة مقابلات ل٢٠ منهم، وقد أظهرت نتائج الاستبانة أن اكتساب طلبة كلية التربية لمهارات البحث الإجرائي جاءت جميعها بمستوى مرتفع عدا مهارة توثيق المراجع، وعلى الرغم من وجود درجات مرتفعة لاكتسابهم تلك المهارات إلا أن نتائج المقابلات كشفت عن عدد من الصعوبات التي واجهتهم في تنفيذ مشروع التخرج من أهمها: اختيار الموضوع، وصياغة الأسئلة البحثية، وتطبيق الأدوات، وتحليل البيانات، وقلة المصادر والدراسات السابقة، وكتابة البحث، كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات ذلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات الذكور والإناث في اكتساب مهارات البحث الإجرائي، بينما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية ترجع لنوعية البرنامج (بكالوريوس، ودبلوم تأهيل تربوي) لصالح برنامج دبلوم التأهيل التربوي. وفي ضوء تلك النتائج توصي الباحثتان بتدريب طلبة مؤسسات التعليم العالي على القيام بالبحث الإجرائي في عدد من المقررات وعدم اقتصاره على مقرر واحد فقط، وتقديم ورش تدريبية لمدرسي مقرر مشروع التخرج عن أفضل الممارسات التدريسية في تدريس البحث الإجرائي.
This study aimed to reveal action research skills, and the difficulties of its implementation through the application of the graduation project among the students in the college of education of Sultan Qaboos University. To collect the data, two tools were used: The first was an evaluation criterion for the graduation project prepared by the Faculty of Education at Sultan Qaboos University. The sample consisted of 300 students from the Faculty of Education of Sultan Qaboos University. The second tool was interviews and there were 20 participants. The results of the questionnaire showed that the College of Education students\u27 acquisition of action research skills was at a high level except for writing reference skills. The results of the interviews revealed several difficulties encountered in implementing the graduation project including the selection of a topic, formulation of research questions, application of tools, analysis of data, lack of sources and previous studies, and research writing. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the means of males and females in the acquisition of action research skills. However, the results showed significant statistical differences related to the type of the programme (bachelor\u27s degree, diploma educational program). In light of those findings, the researcher recommended that students of higher education institutions should be trained to conduct action research in several courses and not be limited to only one course. In addition, provide training workshops for the instructors of the graduation project on the best teaching practices to implement action research
Diplomacy of Palestinian Civilizational Confrontation in Light of a Changing World
No full textThis study aims to clarify the current changing global situation with its composition, complexities, details, daily crises, and its repercussions on the Palestinian issue, which requires Palestinian civilizational diplomacy to review the Palestinian struggle path, evaluate its performance and results, and review its work methods and strategies to deal with the dynamics of transformations and complex interactions, in a way that protects legitimate Palestinian rights. And it contributes to preserving the specificity of the Palestinian issue by preserving peace, peace and coexistence between religions, protecting cultural and religious property, and rejecting terrorism regardless of its perpetrators, in order to achieve what they aspire to, which requires making efforts to search for the best paths to draw various strategies and invest in what is accomplished despite the difficulties and differences. Circumstances and changing positions to remain within the process of transformation and steadfastness for the purposes of achieving diplomatic goals aimed at liberation and independence, and to remain on the global geographic map, to thwart efforts to liquidate its cause away from a just and equitable solution to it within the framework of international law. With the necessity of investing in the possibilities offered by international law to defend Palestinian rights and protect the Palestinian existence, as a strategic option, all efforts must be combined to ensure the optimal benefit from it and to fortify the gains that the Palestinian struggle has accumulated over its long path. Through Palestinian and Arab diplomatic and political efforts towards restoring the momentum of international support that the Palestinian causes previously enjoyed