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Potensi Inhibitor Protein Non-struktural 1 (NS1) Berbasis Peptida untuk Mengobstruksi Replikasi Virus Dengue (DENV): Sebuah Kajian Literatur
No full textIntroduction: Dengue Virus (DENV) is the pathogen for human dengue fever and is responsible for 390 million infections per year. The viral genome produces about 10 viral protein products, one of them being NS1. The NS1 protein plays a key role in viral replication and stimulation of humoral immune cells, thus being the perfect candidate to create an effective antiviral drug or vaccine for dengue
Methods: Dengue Virus (DENV) is the pathogen for human dengue fever and is responsible for 390 million infections per year. The viral genome produces about 10 viral protein products, one of them being NS1. The NS1 protein plays a key role in viral replication and stimulation of humoral immune cells, thus being the perfect candidate to create an effective antiviral drug or vaccine for dengue
Conclusion: The review established promising results of using peptide-based intervention on NS1. Further in vivo and randomized controlled trials are advised to solidify the applicability and biosafety of the intervention
Introduksi: Virus Dengue (DENV) adalah patogen demam berdarah, west nile, dan demam kuning. DENV menyebabkan 390 juta infeksi setiap tahun. DENV memiliki 4 serotipe yang berbeda: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4 yang memproduksi sekitar 10 produk protein virus. Tiga diantaranya merupakan protein struktural dan sisanya adalah protein non-struktural, yang salah satunya yaitu NS1. Protein NS1 memiliki peran kunci dalam reproduksi virus dan menstimulasi imun sel untuk melepaskan sitokin vasoaktif yang menyebabkan kebocoran vaskular. Protein ini bisa menjadi kandidat terbaik untuk membuat vaksin atau obat antivirus DENV yang efektif dan aman.
Metode: Ulasan ini di dibuat dari berbagai database seperti Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, Proquest, Wiley Online Library, DOAJ, dan Cochrane library menggunakan kata kunci spesifik. Terdapat 11 studi yang termasuk ke dalam ulasan ini, dengan 9 diantaranya mendiskusikan tentang NS1 dan 2 sisanya mengenai intervensi berbasis peptida.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Dengue adalah isu kesehatan global, terutama di negara endemik. Di Indonesia menunjukkan tren positif dari Incidence Rate (IR) per 100 populasi. Perkembangan vaksin dengue tidak menunjukkan hasil dikarenakan perbedaan serotipe virus. Belum lama ini ditemukan bahwa protein NS1 merupakan protein integral yang berperan penting dalam replikasi virus. Sebagai protein non-struktural yang terdapat pada semua jenis serotipe, memunculkan kemungkinan untuk menargetkan protein menggunakan intervensi berbasis peptida. Analisis efikasi secara in vitro pada sel Huh7 terinfeksi dengue menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada produksi virus yang bergantung dengan dosis. Selain itu, studi in vivo pada tikus menunjukkan hasil peningkatan kemampuan bertahan hidup secara keseluruhan, mengindikasikan adanya keefektifan dari pengobatan.
Conclusion: Kajian ini menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan dalam menggunakan intervensi berbasis peptida terhadap protein non-struktural. Penelitian in vivo dan uji acak terkendali untuk menentukan aspek keamanan dan efektivitas biaya dari tata laksana tersebu
Relationship between Nutritional Status and Development of Preschool Aged Children in the Operational Area of Puskesmas Batua Raya
Get PDFIntroduction: Development is a mental change that occurs gradually and over time, starting from simple abilities to more difficult abilities, such as attitude, behavior and intelligence. Preschool age is a golden age in which all aspects of development play an important role in aspects of further development. The study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and development of preschool aged children in the operational area of Puskesmas Batua Raya.
Methods: The study used a cross sectional study design with total sample of 196 respondents. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements of body weight and KPSP assessment (developmental pre-screening questionnaire) was carried out. Data analysis was performed using the chi square test.
Results: Results of the study found that children with appropriate development were higher in good nutritional status (74%) than those who were below the nutritional status (5.6%). Analysis of the two variables shows the value of p = 0.000. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and development of preschool children.
Conclusion: Based on the research, it may be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in the operational area of the Sudiang Primary Health Center
The Relationship between Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Stunted Children
Get PDFIntroduction: The nutritional status of pregnant women has a significant impact on the fetus's health and development. Low birth weight can be caused by womb growth problems. Research in Nepal shows that babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of becoming stunted. West Sulawesi is the most populous province in Central Indonesia, with a population of 39.7%. In Mamuju District, West Sulawesi, the relationship between stunted babies and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy was investigated.
Methods: Cross sectional analytic survey with a retrospective approach. Data processing using the chi square test. The population in this study was 20.039 people. Total sampling was used to collect nutritional status data of children under the age of five in West Sulawesi province from February to June 2020. In this study, 88 people were sampled, all of whom were mothers of stunted children aged 2 to 5 Years old and who had a KIA book during pregnancy.
Results: The results of statistical tests showed that the p value of nutritional status with BMI and LILA 0.000 and the p value of HB levels 0.066. There was a link between pregnant women's nutritional status and LILA, but not between HB levels and stunting.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women based on BMI and LILA and the incidence of stunting in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province
Risk Factors of Death among Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Get PDFBackground: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still periodically around developing countries including Indonesia. Early diagnosis and adequate management may decrease either morbidity or mortality of patients with DHF.
Objective: We evaluate risk factors of death in pediatric DHF patients hospitalized in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the medical records of children less than 18 years old hospitalized with DHF from January 2016 to December 2018. The diagnosis was based on WHO criteria and serologically positive anti-dengue Ig M or positive anti-dengue IgM and Ig G.
Results: During the study period, 70 patients aged 1-17 years with the complete medical records enrolled in this study. The DHF severity consisted of 37 cases (52.9%) with shock (DSS) and 33 cases (41. 7%) without shock and most of them were admitted to the hospital on >3 days of fever (63 cases /90.,0%). Boys were predominantly (39/55.,7%) found than girls (31/44.,3%) and the majority of cases above 5 years (50/71,4%) with well-nourished patients in 46 cases (65.,7%). The hematocrit level of≥ 40 mg/dl, platelets ≤ 40.000/mm3, and leukocyte ≤ 4000 mm3/l were observed in 41 cases (5.,6%), 36 cases (51.,4%), and 48 cases (68.,6%); respectively. Death was observed in four girls (5.7%) (p=0,034/OR 1,148/ 95% CI 1,003 - 1,315) with DSS because of severe conditions on admission
Role of Hepcidin in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease with Anemia
Get PDFIntroduction: Anemia is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and it causes an increase in morbidity, mortality and accelerates the rate of progression of CKD. Inflammation and impaired kidney clearance increase plasma hepcidin, inhibiting duodenal iron absorption and sequestering iron in macrophages. However, the role of hepcidin in increasing the risk of anemia in children with CKD is still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between hepcidin levels and anemia in children with pre-dialysis CKD.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital from December 2018 to February 2019. Children with pre-dialysis CKD were enrolled in this study. The subject had no history of erythropoietin administration and blood transfusion 3 months before the blood sample were withdrawn. A complete blood count, ferritin serum, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and hepcidin serum were performed. The correlations between Hepcidin and ferritin level, between ferritin level and anemia, and between TSAT and anemia were analyzed using Spearman correlation and the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: A total of 47 children, 27 boys and 20 girls, ranged in age from 3 months to 18 years old. There was a significant correlation between hepcidin and ferritin levels (p=0.006) and the value of the Spearman correlation was r=0.392. While the correlation between ferritin level and anemia showed a significant result, p=0.001. However, TSAT did not show any significant correlation with anemia (p=0.230).
Conclusion: There was an indirect association between hepcidin level and anemia by increasing ferritin level that induces anemia in pre-dialysis CKD children
Maternal Age Distribution of Down Syndrome at Pediatric Growth and Development Clinic, Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar for the period of 2015- 2019.
Get PDFIntroduction: Down Syndrome is a common chromosome abnormality among infants. This condition is Present in 1 over 800 deliveries. Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for Down syndrome. Other miscellaneous factors are radiation, infection, autoimmune and paternal age. The Aim is to determine maternal age distribution of Down syndrome at pediatric growth and development polyclinic, Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital. Methods: A Descriptive study. Study population was all outpatients at Pediatric Growth and Development polyclinic, Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in Makassar 2015-2019. Samples in this study were collected from total sampling of population data that met the criteria of new Down syndrome patients with complete medical records
Result : This study found 237 new pediatric down syndrome patients admitted to growth and development polyclinic from January 2015 – December 2019, 95 complete medical records from 237. 52% (49) boys, 48 % (46) girls from 95 children. No gender difference was found in the presentation. Parental age of Down syndrome patients, the most advanced maternal age was >35, found 46 (48,42%), the most advanced paternal age was >35, found 63 (66,32%). Parity < 3rd, the most maternal age between 25-35 (23,16%), parity > 3rd, the most maternal age was >34, found 30 (31,57%). Conclusion: Advance maternal and/ or paternal age is a risk factor of Down Syndrom
Analysis Of Medicosocial Determinant Factors In Mothers With Stunted Children
Get PDFIntroduction: Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by malnutrition in chronic nutrient intake and chronic recurrent infectious diseases as indicated by height z-score according to age. Infancy is a period that is very sensitive to the environment so more attention is needed especially the adequacy of nutrition. Obstetric complications are very influential on several determinant factors, one of these factor is a medical society or social risk. Family socioeconomic status such as family income, parental education, mother's knowledge about nutrition, and the number of family members can indirectly relate to stunting. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic with a retrospective approach. Processing data using regression tests
Result: The results of this Stunting study were obtained from nutritional status data on children under five in the province of West Sulawesi in January-June 2020 by taking samples using simple random sampling. The total number of samples in this study were 88 people taken from mothers who have Stunting children aged 2-5 years. Social risk is the condition of the mother during pregnancy including age, level of education, ethnicity, occupation, income, referral decision, cost considerations, distance traveled, referral mobilization, consideration of health insurance that is expected to be related to stunting. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the most influential medicosocial determinants were referral mobilization and employment
Antifibrotics and Antioxidants of Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) Inhibits Toll- Like Receptors (TLR-4) as a Marker of Liver Fibrotic
Get PDFIntroduction: Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) is an antifibrotic and antioxidant for fibrotic tissues. These double roles be able to inhibit or fibrotic tissues chains because of internal and external issues. For example, virus, bacteria or other pathogens and also by drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, etc. as external factor that affect quality of body tissues. Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) as a marker fibrotic tissues. It is a key for researcher could be find out by expression performance. The aim of this study is to reveal the CGA as a candidate of antifibrotic & antioxidant in liver fibrosis induced by CCL4. Methods: This is pure experimental research with a simple experimental design or post-test only control group design. A total 29 mices of 2.5-month-old male Swiss mice with weigh 35-40 grams divided into 6 groups: 3 groups of controls (injected by natrium chloride, CGA, and CCL4) and 3 groups of treated (injected by CGA doses 42 mg/kg, 63 mg/kg or 84 mg/kg). The liver organ was used to examine the expression of TLR-4 by rtPCR. This research revealed that expression of TLR-4 lower than the CCL4 control group (respectively, p=0.042; p=0.005; p=0.006; and p=0.001). The higher dose of CGA showed greater ability as an anti-fibrotic through inhibiting the expression of TLR-4. Some research found the expression of TLR-4 has been decreased by treatment of Chlorogenic Acid (CGA).
Conclusion: To sum up, CGA has double roles to repair liver fibrotic tissues. The greater doses of CGA, the stronger inhibition of TLR-4 expression
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in the Mouth Before and After Ablution
Get PDFBackground: The oral is the gateway for the entry of various kinds of microorganisms into the body, with the prevalence of people having dental and oral problems in Indonesia increasing every year. The normal flora of the oral acts as a body defense, but it can cause disease due to predisposing factors, namely oral hygiene. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative in maintaining oral health. Islam is a religion that emphasizes personal hygiene, such as performing ablution.
Content: The types of bacteria found in the oral before ablution was 33.33% Pseudomonas sp., 6.67% Lactobacillus sp., 3.33% Streptococcus sp. and 0.14% Staphylococcus sp. while the types of bacteria found in the oral after ablution were 26,8% Pseudomonas sp., 20% Lactobacillus sp., 5% Streptococcus sp. and 2% Staphylococcus sp.
Conclusion: There was a change in the number of bacteria, namely an increase in gram-positive bacteria in the oral after ablution.
 
Immune Response toward Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
Get PDFUnderstanding the human immune response toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is important for controlling its infection. Its transmission through the air consists of "droplets nuclei" containing TB bacilli. After initial infection, the human body will provide diverse immune responses and will determine different clinico-histopathologic finding. This response starts from innate immunity that consists of phagocytosis by distal alveolar macrophages or nasal microfold cells, then will be continued by dendritic cells to be transferred to mediastinal lymph nodes to induced adaptive immune responses. This response is mediated by cells through IFN- γ signaling which will enhance phagocytosis. If this response is effective, there will be a latent infection with an initial histopathological finding of caseosa granulomas and predominantly followed by chronic granulomas. In a few cases, it can be reactivated via the IL-10 activation pathway and exogenous factors, it will induce a great adaptive immune reaction and provide more severe clinico-histopathological manifestation. The existence of the human body's immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etiher innate or adaptive immunity will determine the clinical course and pathology that will occur