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Quarenta anos: um canto à transformação e à trajetória da Terapia Ocupacional
Get PDFThe Revista Ocupación Humana has been an essential medium in disseminating knowledge in Occupational Therapy and studies on human occupation. Its first edition, released on 24 October 1984, marked a milestone for Colombia and Latin America, becoming a benchmark for professional practice and disciplinary development. Initially, it focused on understanding areas of professional performance, disseminating research, promoting discussion, and projecting the profession in science and technology, and understanding and spreading the emerging participation in community, social, and political-impact scenarios. After a five-year editorial break, in 2013, the publication resumed. Since then, work has been undertaken to strengthen its visibility and openness, with the participation of colleagues from Colombia and other sister countries. On this anniversary, the Editorial Board hopes that the magazine will continue to consolidate itself as a key means for occupational therapists to continue listening to each other, get to know each other, engage in professional debates, and strengthen themselves as a body. As such, it celebrates and invites you to celebrate these forty years of challenges and welcome those that will come.La Revista Ocupación Humana ha sido un importante medio de divulgación del conocimiento en Terapia Ocupacional y en los estudios sobre ocupación humana. Su primera edición, emitida el 24 de octubre de 1984, significó un hito para Colombia y para Latinoamérica, al constituirse en referente para el ejercicio profesional y el desarrollo disciplinar. Inicialmente, se orientó a comprender las áreas del desempeño profesional, a socializar investigaciones, a promover la discusión y la proyección de la profesión en ciencia y tecnología, y a conocer y difundir la emergente participación en escenarios de incidencia comunitaria, social y política. Después de una pausa editorial de cinco años, en el año 2013, se retoma la publicación. Desde entonces, se ha trabajado en su fortalecimiento, visibilidad y apertura, proceso en el que se ha contado con la participación de colegas de Colombia y otros países hermanos. En este aniversario, el Comité Editorial desea que la revista siga consolidándose como medio fundamental para que las y los terapeutas ocupacionales sigan escuchándose, conociéndose, conectándose con los debates profesionales y fortaleciéndose como gremio. Por eso, celebra e invita a celebrar con un canto estos cuarenta años de retos y a dar la bienvenida a los que vendrán.A Revista Ocupación Humana tem sido um importante meio de divulgação do conhecimento em Terapia Ocupacional e em estudos sobre ocupação humana. Sua primeira edição, emitida em 24 de outubro de 1984, significou um marco para a Colômbia e para a América Latina, ao se constituir como referência para a prática profissional e o desenvolvimento disciplinar. Inicialmente, dedicou-se a compreender as áreas do desempenho profissional, a socializar pesquisas, a promover a discussão e a projeção da profissão em ciência e tecnologia, a conhecer e difundir a emergente participação em cenários de incidência comunitária, social e política. Após uma pausa editorial de cinco anos, em 2013, retomou-se a publicação. Desde então, tem-se trabalhado no seu fortalecimento, visibilidade e abertura, processo no qual se conta com a participação de colegas da Colômbia e de outros países irmãos. Neste aniversário, o Comitê Editorial deseja que a revista continue a se consolidar como meio fundamental para que as e os terapeutas ocupacionais continuem ouvindo-se, conhecendo-se, conectando-se com os debates profissionais e fortalecendo-se no coletivo. Por isso, celebra e convida a celebrar com um canto estes quarenta anos de desafios, bem como a dar as boas-vindas aos que virão
Exploraciones basadas en la comunidad y literacidad visual: una conexión clave para mejorar las habilidades escritoras en estudiantes de básica secundaria
Get PDFThis paper presents the outcomes and findings of a qualitative study aimed to describe the effects of combining visual literacies with Community-Based Pedagogies (CBP) to enhance writing skills in early high school learners. The data was gathered through community mapping reports, a needs analysis instrument, students’ artifacts, a focus group, and teacher\u27s field notes. This action research revealed how students, through systematic and consistent work, were smoothly guided in the writing process with the help of visual elements that served as triggers or supporters to produce short texts in which their voices were relevant by exploring their context and portraying their realities. The triangulation of the different instruments within the grounded analysis (Saunders et al., 2012), indicated a rise in the students’ quantity and quality of the writing production in the foreign language and a learners\u27 genuine interest in writing assuming an active role. Based on the available findings, they contribute significantly to nurturing English language teaching practices in public schools by boosting students’ writing skills through the cognizant use of information about the surrounding contexts combined with visual stimuli as a valuable source. Este artículo presenta los resultados y hallazgos de un estudio cualitativo destinado a describir los efectos de combinar literacidad visual con Pedagogías Basadas en la Comunidad (CBP) para mejorar las habilidades escritoras en estudiantes de básica secundaria. Los datos se recopilaron a través de informes de mapeo comunitario, un instrumento de análisis de necesidades, producciones de los estudiantes, un grupo focal y notas de campo de los maestros. Esta investigación-acción reveló cómo los estudiantes fueron guiados fluidamente a través del proceso de escritura con la ayuda de elementos visuales que sirvieron como provocadores o soporte para producir textos breves en los que las voces de los estudiantes eran relevantes al explorar su contexto y retratar sus realidades. La triangulación de los diferentes instrumentos dentro del análisis fundamentado (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2012), indicó un aumento en la cantidad y calidad de la producción escrita en lengua extranjera por parte de los estudiantes y un interés genuino en ellos por asumir un papel activo en los ejercicios de escritura. Además, como docentes, esta fue una oportunidad para reconocer que, a través del desarrollo de un trabajo sistemático y consistente, al igual que maximizando el uso de información del contexto combinado con estímulos visuales se convierten en un recurso valioso para la promoción de las habilidades escritoras de los estudiantes
Desenho e validação de conteúdo, pela avaliação de especialistas, de um instrumento para a caracterização laboral e produtiva da população com deficiência visual
Get PDFIn Colombia, employment rates of the visually impaired population are below those of the general population, and their income also tends to be lower. The absence of adequate instruments to characterize and identify their needs makes orienting labor inclusion processes difficult. A study aimed at designing and validating the content of an instrument for the labor and productive characterization of this population is presented. Based on the experience of the Instituto Nacional para Ciegos (National Institute for the Blind), a first version was designed and submitted for content validation by three experts who assessed its clarity, coherence, relevance, and completeness and provided comments and suggestions. Two rounds of evaluation were carried out. The degree of consistency of the evaluations was estimated with the Fleiss Kappa Coefficient. Contributions were considered to adjust the instrument. A final version was obtained with 47 items in three dimensions: general, academic and employment, and productive information. The instrument’s design, validation and implementation combine the efforts of academia and the State to characterize the visually impaired population in different cities of the country and contribute to the reduction of employment and income gaps.En Colombia, las tasas de empleo de la población con discapacidad visual están por debajo de las de la población general; sus ingresos también tienden a ser más bajos. Orientar los procesos de inclusión laboral se dificulta por la ausencia de instrumentos adecuados que permitan caracterizar e identificar sus necesidades. Se presenta un estudio dirigido a diseñar y validar el contenido de un instrumento para la caracterización laboral y productiva de esta población. A partir de la experiencia del Instituto Nacional para Ciegos, se diseñó una primera versión que fue sometida a validación de contenido con tres expertos que evaluaron su claridad, coherencia, relevancia y suficiencia, además de aportar observaciones y sugerencias. Se realizaron dos rondas de evaluación. Se estimó el grado de concordancia de las evaluaciones con el Coeficiente Kappa de Fleiss y se consideraron los aportes para ajustar el instrumento. Se obtuvo una versión final con 47 ítems en tres dimensiones: información general, académica y laboral, y productiva. El diseño, validación e implementación del instrumento reúne esfuerzos de la academia y el Estado para caracterizar a la población con discapacidad visual en diferentes ciudades del país y aportar a la reducción de las brechas de empleo e ingresos.Na Colômbia, as taxas de emprego da população com deficiência visual são inferiores às taxas da população em geral; sua renda também tende a ser menor. A orientação dos processos de inclusão laboral é dificultada pela ausência de instrumentos adequados para caracterizar e identificar suas necessidades. Apresentamos um estudo com o objetivo de elaborar e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento para a caracterização laboral e produtiva dessa população. Com base na experiência do Instituto Nacional para Cegos, uma primeira versão foi elaborada e submetida à validação de conteúdo com três especialistas que avaliaram sua clareza, coerência, relevância e suficiência, além de fornecerem comentários e sugestões. Foram realizadas duas rodadas de avaliação. O grau de concordância das avaliações foi estimado por meio do Coeficiente Kappa de Fleiss e as contribuições foram consideradas para ajustar o instrumento. Foi obtida uma versão final com 47 itens em três dimensões: informações gerais; acadêmicas e ocupacionais; e produtivas. O desenho, a validação e a implementação do instrumento reúnem os esforços do meio acadêmico, bem como do Estado, para caracterizar a população com deficiência visual em diferentes cidades do país e contribuir para a redução das lacunas de emprego e renda
Ethiopian EFL Students’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC) and the Factors Associated With It in Oral Communicative English Classes
Get PDFCommunication, particularly verbal communication, is central to the development of a desired competence in a second or foreign language. Approaches such as communicative language teaching (CLT) in second language acquisition emphasize practical use of the target language for effective learning/acquisition. However, despite the necessity of using a target language to learn it, it has been a common phenomenon to observe most learners exhibiting passiveness, reticence, and unwillingness to participate in oral communicative opportunities in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. This study therefore explored EFL students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in oral communicative English classes together with the factors underlying with it in the Ethiopian higher education context. To this end, primary quantitative data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 450 EFL students taking oral communicative English courses followed by qualitative data from a sample of fifteen students selected again randomly to triangulate the results from the quantitative data. The results revealed that the target students had in general a low level of WTC in oral communicative English classes, and their WTC was affected by both psychological and contextual factors such as self-confidence, motivation, personality, language learning orientation and classroom environments. The findings indicate that EFL students’ WTC is a crucial component to increase students’ participation in oral communicative English classes by raising their self-confidence, motivation and awareness of language learning orientations, coupled with facilitating the language learning environment. It is therefore suggested that WTC needs to be given special consideration while designing and preparing ELT materials, and during instructions as well.
L2 Learners’ Perspectives on Data-Driven Learning for Identifying Properties of Near-Synonymous Words: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study
Get PDFThis study examines second language (L2) learners’ perspectives regarding the affordances and challenges of using the Data-Driven Learning (DDL) to identify the properties of near-synonymous words. Employing a convergent mixed-method design, this study deciphers the perceptions of 40 undergraduate L2 learners majoring in English language teaching. After an initial identification of the learners’ vocabulary levels, the experienced benefits and barriers associated with carrying out experiential tasks were elicited via questionnaire data and open-ended survey questions. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were revealed and thematic analyses of the responses to the survey questions were documented. The results indicate that completing tasks through the corpus was found to enhance their knowledge of collocations. Integrating corpus tasks into YouGlish (an online practice tool for authentic spoken English in context) was found to increase their awareness of the contextual properties of words. The identification of condensed language exposure, lexical inference, and elicitation of flexible and context-specific patterns were reported to be beneficial. Acknowledging these benefits, gaining familiarity with the corpus interface, encountering limited access to search queries, and analyzing large amounts of concordance lines posed challenges for learners. This research presents the implementation of the DDL supported by experiential learning, contextually rich input, and inductive reasoning tasks in vocabulary learning by further offering instructional implications in L2 contexts.
Syntax of DP Deletion and Pragmatics of DP Movement in Passive Voice
Get PDFThis study examines the syntax of DP deletion and pragmatics of DP movement in passive voice from applied linguistics methodology. The data collection was a purposive sampling method as the study specifically alternated the data from Q1 SCOPUS publications, Thai national publications (TCI 1), and Thai undergraduate students’ independent studies (IS) from a private university. There were 99 tokens. The data analyses were linguistics and inferential statistics. Linguistic analysis follows generative grammar, whereas the statistical analysis follows inferential statistical analysis SPSS29. The results of the study showed the similarities of DP by-phrase agent deletion between Q1 SCOPUS, TCI 1, and IS. However, the results in these publications were different pragmatically. The discussion was explained syntactically and pragmatically. The DP arguments in passive voice were omitted due to the reason of widely-known agents. Pragmatically, the movement of DP argument in Q1 SCOPUS and TCI 1 complies with the theory of pragmatic discourse of givenness, while this was not applied in IS. It is expected that the results in this study would be useful for English learners in how to apply passive voice to write research methodology appropriately.
Terapia motora oral: estudo de um modelo de ensino à distância para cuidadores primários
Get PDFEating and swallowing disorders are prevalent among children with neuromotor disabilities, significantly impacting their overall quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the challenges by restricting access to health care, underscoring the necessity for innovative solutions with caregiver involvement. This study investigated the effectiveness of a distance learning educational model in oral-motor therapy for primary caregivers of children with neuromotor impairments in Mérida, Mexico. The quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design included thirty primary caregivers of children aged 2 to 12 with feeding and swallowing disorders from seven institutions. Twenty-three participants completed the program. The program encompassed theoretical sessions on various aspects of oral motor therapy and practical sessions focusing on hands-on training. Results revealed substantial enhancements in theoretical knowledge and practical competencies among caregivers, with competence levels exceeding 80% in all evaluated activities. Despite these positive outcomes, the study acknowledges limitations such as a small sample size and the absence of a control group. Addressing these constraints through future research endeavors will bolster the evidence supporting the effectiveness of this innovative caregiver-centric approach. Ultimately, integrating caregivers into the care team is imperative for improving the quality of life for children with neuromotor disabilities and effectively managing eating and swallowing disorders.Los trastornos alimentarios y de deglución afectan considerablemente la calidad de vida de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras. La pandemia de COVID-19 agravó estos desafíos al limitar el acceso a la atención en salud. Este estudio evaluó un modelo educativo de aprendizaje a distancia en terapia oral-motora, dirigido a personas cuidadoras de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras en Mérida, México. Participaron incialmente treinta personas cuidadoras de niños y niñas entre 2 y 12 años de edad con trastornos alimentarios y de deglución, quienes recibían atención en siete instituciones. 23 participantes completaron el programa. Se usó un diseño cuasiexperimental de prueba pre y post. El programa incluyó sesiones teóricas y prácticas. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el conocimiento teórico y en las competencias prácticas, con niveles de competencia superiores al 80%. Aun así, se reconocen limitaciones del estudio como el tamaño de la muestra y la ausencia de un grupo de control. Abordar estas limitaciones en investigaciones futuras fortalecerá la evidencia sobre la efectividad de este enfoque innovador centrado en la persona cuidadora, crucial para gestionar trastornos alimentarios y de deglución de manera efectiva y mejorar la calidad de vida de niños y niñas con discapacidades neuromotoras.Os distúrbios da alimentação e da deglutição afetam significativamente a qualidade de vida das crianças com deficiências neuromotoras. A pandemia da COVID-19 exacerbou esses desafios, sendo que limitou o acesso ao atendimento. Este estudo avaliou um modelo educacional de ensino à distância sobre terapia oral-motora, orientado a cuidadores primários de crianças com deficiências neuromotoras em Mérida, México. Trinta cuidadores de crianças de 2 a 12 anos de idade com distúrbios de alimentação e deglutição de sete instituições participaram, sendo que 23 deles concluíram o programa. Um estudo quase experimental de pré-teste-pós-teste foi realizado. O programa incluiu sessões teóricas e práticas. Os resultados mostraram melhorias significativas no conhecimento teórico e nas competências práticas, com níveis de competência acima de 80%. Contudo, são reconhecidas algumas limitações do estudo, como o pequeno tamanho da amostra e a falta de um grupo de controle. A abordagem dessas limitações em pesquisas futuras fortalecerá as evidências respeito da eficácia dessa abordagem inovadora centrada no cuidador, crucial para melhorar a qualidade de vida das crianças com deficiências neuromotoras e gerenciar os distúrbios de alimentação e deglutição de forma eficaz
Do vínculo à práxis: reflexões sobre as possibilidades de uma comunidade profissional plural
Get PDFThis editorial highlights fifteen results of the photo-voice initiative “Impac- TO comunitario” (Community Impact). Through this medium, occupational therapists from Colombia shared the impact of their professional exercise in the community as part of the celebration of World Occupational Therapy Day 2023, which had the theme: “Unity through the community.” It reflects on the historical context in which the initiative was developed, given the escala- tion of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, generating discussions on the concept of community for the occupational therapists’ collective. What community means amid war is questioned, and the idea of the professional community is explored from the kinships, affinities, and shared doings. The need to re- cognize coexistence and pluralism in the profession is highlighted, stressing the interdependence between individuals and social contexts. Finally, the readers are invited to reflect on the possibility of creating a professional community from pluralism.Este editorial destaca quince resultados de la iniciativa de foto-voz “ImpacTO comunitario”. A través de este medio, terapeutas ocupacionales de Colombia compartieron la experiencia de su ejercicio profesional en la comunidad, en el marco de la celebración del Día Mundial de la Terapia Ocupacional de 2023, que tuvo por lema: “Unidad a través de la comunidad”. Se reflexiona sobre el contexto histórico en el que se desarrolló la iniciativa, dado el recrudecimiento del conflicto israelí-palestino, alrededor del cual se generaron discusiones sobre el concepto de comunidad para el colectivo de terapeutas ocupacionales. Se explora la idea de comunidad profesional desde los vínculos, las afinidades y los haceres compartidos, así como su significado en medio de la guerra. Se destaca la necesidad de reconocer la coexistencia y la pluralidad en la profesión, subrayando la interdependencia entre individuos y contextos sociales. Se invita, finalmente, a reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de crear una comunidad profesional desde la pluralidad.Este editorial destaca quinze resultados da iniciativa de foto-voz “ImpacTO comunitário”. Através deste meio, terapeutas ocupacionais da Colômbia compartilharam experiencias de seu exercício profissional na comunidade, no âmbito da celebração do Dia Mundial da Terapia Ocupacional de 2023, que teve por lema: “Unidade através da comunidade”. Reflexiona-se sobre o contexto histórico em que se desenvolveu a iniciativa, dado o recrudescimento do conflito israelense-palestino, ao redor do qual se geraram discussões sobre o conceito de comunidade para o coletivo de terapeutas ocupacionais. É questionado o que significa comunidade no meio da guerra e a ideia de comunidade profissional é explorada a partir de vínculos, afinidades e fazeres compartilhados. Destaca-se a necessidade de reconhecer a coexistência e a pluralidade na profissão, sublinhando a interdependência entre indivíduos e contextos sociais. Convida-se, finalmente, a refletir sobre a possibilidade de criar uma comunidade profissional a partir da pluralidade
Reconstructing Female Language Teacher’s Roles from a Sociocultural Perspective
Get PDFThe idea of teacher education has emerged to bridge the gap in questioning intellectual equality for both male and female teachers. Pursuing higher education in language professional careers which are understood as auxiliary jobs by male counterparts poses a big challenge for female teachers who were born and raised in a patriarchal community. This current study explored and interrogated socio-cultural contexts of learning and teaching by gender roles experienced by female language student teachers. It was designed as a narrative case study inviting three student teachers who currently pursued master’s or doctoral degree in the US to share their visual narrative experiences. The findings revealed any experience and aspiration of their language learning and teaching by oppression, stereotypes, and agency associated with female language teachers. Conclusions from this study will be helpful for student teachers to reconstruct their teaching philosophy and autonomy in family, school, and community settings.