Publicaciones seriadas del CENSA (E-Journals)
Not a member yet
1201 research outputs found
Sort by
Situación de vectores de CaLsol que infectan solanáceas en la región de las Américas. Implicaciones para Cuba. I: Elementos de su identificación, distribución y bioecología
Get PDFGlobal food security could be threatened in the coming years by the emergence and spread of emerging pests in crops. Psyllids are considered as possible destructive pests due to their relationships with some important plant pathogens. Bactericera cockerelli Sulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is recognized as an efficient vector of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CaLsol), an invasive pest according to the EPPO, which causes diseases in potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and other solanaceous and some apiaceous crops. Known the vector-bacteria complex to be present in different countries of the world belonging to the American continent , Europe and New Zealand, 61 scientific papers related to this topic were reviewed Changes in the climatic variables, the biological distribution of this insect-vector system, the high ecological plasticity that allows this insect to develop different biotypes, depending on the characteristics of the area where it develops, could complicate the control of the insect-pathogen system. These characteristics make necessary a maintained extreme surveillance in those countries where it is not yet present. So far, the bacterium and the vector are not present in Cuba; however, its proximity to countries where it is present, the existence of optimal climatic conditions host plants, and the increasing tourism and international trade, make necessary to offer updated information on this disease, the causal agents and their vectors as a contribution to the preparation of the scientific-technical-productive personnel and other decission makers.La seguridad alimentaria mundial estará amenazada en los próximos años por la aparición y propagación de plagas emergentes en los cultivos. Los psílidos se consideran posibles plagas destructivas, debido a la relación existente entre estos insectos y algunos importantes patógenos de plantas. Bactericera cockerelli Sulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae) es reconocido como vector eficiente de la bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CaLsol), una plaga invasiva según la EPPO, causante de enfermedades en papa, tomate, pimiento, otras solanáceas, y algunas especies de Apiaceae. Se revisaron 61 artículos científicos relacionados con el tema, conociendo que el complejo vector-bacteria está presente en diferentes países del mundo en el continente americano, Europa y Nueva Zelanda. El cambio en las variables climáticas, la distribución biológica de este sistema insecto-vector, la alta plasticidad ecológica, que le permite desarrollar diferentes biotipos dependiendo de las características del área donde se desarrolle, pudieran complejizar el control/manejo del sistema insecto-patógeno. Estas características hacen necesario mantener una vigilancia extrema en aquellos países donde aún no se encuentra presente. Hasta el momento, la bacteria y el vector no se encuentran presentes en Cuba; sin embargo, la cercanía a países en las que está presente, la existencia de condiciones climáticas optimas, de plantas hospedantes, así como el incremento del turismo y el comercio internacional, hacen necesario brindar información actualizada sobre esta enfermedad, los agentes causales y sus vectores, como una contribución a la preparación del personal científico-técnico-productivo y decisores
Influencia de variables climáticas sobre la fluctuación poblacional de thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) en frijol
Get PDFThe bean thrips Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) recently became an important pest for legume crops in Cuba. The objective of the work was to determine the influence of the climate and crop phenology on the population density of M. usitatus. From September to December 2020, the common bean cv. Triunfo 70 was sampled weekly in a 0,70 ha area belonging to the National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque province. The collected specimens were preserved in 70 % alcohol for later identification at the Entomology-Acarology laboratory; in addition, the thrips were counted per plant and recorded. With the data obtained and the climatic variable records, a correlation was made to know the influence of the climate on the insect populations. Thrips populations were present from the appearance of the first trifoliate leaves until the end of the crop cycle, with a population peak in the pod filling stage. This peak coincided with the lowest relative humidity values and the decrease of wind speed. Megalurothrips usitatus resulted the species of thrips with the highest presence in the common bean crop during the period studied.El trips del frijol Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) se convirtió, recientemente, en una plaga de importancia para los cultivos de leguminosas en Cuba. Con el objetivo de conocer la influencia del clima y la fenología del cultivo sobre la densidad de las poblaciones de M. usitatus, durante el periodo septiembre-diciembre de 2020, se realizaron muestreos semanales en 0,70 ha de frijol cv. Triunfo 70, perteneciente al área agrícola del Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), ubicado en San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque. Las muestras se conservaron para su posterior identificación en el laboratorio de Entomología-Acarología; además, se registró y contabilizó el número de trips presentes en cada planta. A partir de los datos obtenidos y los registros de variables climáticas, se realizó una correlación para conocer la influencia del clima sobre las poblaciones del insecto. Las poblaciones de trips estuvieron presentes desde la aparición de las primeras hojas trifoliadas y hasta el final del ciclo del cultivo, con un pico poblacional en la etapa de llenado de vainas. Este pico coincidió con los menores valores de humedad relativa y la disminución de la velocidad del viento. Megalurothrips usitatus resultó ser la especie de trips con mayor presencia en el cultivo del frijol durante el periodo estudiado
ITSEIN: software para el cálculo del límite de tolerancia a Meloidogyne spp. en cultivos de importancia económica
Get PDFThe present work was aimed to implement a computer system for calculating the tolerance limit to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. from the exponential model of Seinhorst, a computer system named ITSEIN (Seinhorst Tolerance Index) by the authors. The system was created in R 3.5.0, with the RStudio 1.1.447 development IDE and the library to implement the Shiny Server user interface. Initial data is entered or imported from a * .csv file by the user. It allows graphing the Seinhorst curves of various cultivars in unison, which facilitates comparing them according to the population density of nematodes they tolerate. The system displays parameters estimated by non-linear regression (minimum value and expected loss of the evaluated agronomic parameter and tolerance index) and allows graphing the relation between the initial population and the final population of the nematode, expressed as a reproduction factor. For validating the system, we used the experimental data collected from fresh mass areas (biomass area) obtained 60 days after inoculating potato plants (called 1 and 2 for the purposes of this work). Potato plants were inoculated with root-knot nematode juveniles (J2) and eggs (inoculum) at six inoculum densities per gram of substrate (0.125, 0.250, 1, 4, 16, and 64). Calculation of the tolerance limits to the root-knot nematode for two Cuban Potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) was possible by using the ITSEIN program, being demonstrated that this software could be used as a support tool for the decision making and establishment of strategies for root-knot nematode management.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo implementar un sistema informático para el cálculo del límite de tolerancia al nematodo agallador Meloidogyne spp. A partir del modelo exponencial de Seinhorst, este sistema informático se nombró, por los autores, ITSEIN (Índice de Tolerancia Seinhorst). El sistema se creó en R 3.5.0, con el IDE de desarrollo RStudio 1.1.447 y la librería para implementar interfaz de usuario Shiny Server. Los datos iniciales son introducidos por el usuario o importados desde un archivo *.csv. Permite graficar, al unísono, las curvas Seinhorst de varios cultivares, lo que facilita compararlos según la densidad poblacional de nematodos que toleran. El sistema muestra parámetros estimados por la regresión no lineal (valor mínimo y pérdida esperada del parámetro agronómico evaluado e índice de tolerancia) y permite graficar la relación entre población inicial y población final del nematodo, expresada como factor de reproducción. Para la validación del sistema se emplearon datos experimentales de masa fresca de biomasa área obtenida a los 60 días después de inocular las plantas (denominados 1 y 2 a los efectos de este trabajo), con seis densidades poblacionales del nematodo (0,125; 0,250; 1; 4; 16 y 64 juveniles de segundo estadio (J2) y huevos por gramo de sustrato). El programa ITSEIN permitió calcular los límites de tolerancia al nematodo agallador para cultivares cubanos de Papa Solanum tuberosum L., por lo que se demostró que el software es una herramienta de apoyo en la toma de decisiones y el establecimiento de estrategias para el manejo de nematodos agalleros
Quilotórax idiopático canino. Reporte de un caso clínico
Get PDFThe chyle is the term used to refer to lymphatic fluid of intestinal origin. It consists of lymph and emulsified fats; it circulates through the lymphatic vessels and passes into the venous system through the thoracic duct. The chylothorax is the accumulation of chyle in the pleural space, caused by any pathological process that increases the systemic venous pressure, such as trauma, mediastinal tumors, heart disease or congenital abnormalities of the thoracic duct. In most cases, the specific cause cannot be ascertained and it is called idiopathic chylothorax. The objective of this paper was to present a clinical case of an American Pitbull Terrier canine patient with idiopathic chylothorax. The dog was referred with restrictive dyspnea and mucous cyanosis. Chest ultrasound showed pleural and pericardial effusion, therefore, pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis were performed, from which 370 mL of pericardial effusion and 600 mL of pleural effusion were extracted. The dog underwent surgery within 48 hours. The technique consisted of combining a pericardiectomy with an omentalization in order to avoid cardiac tamponade and ensure physiological drainage of the pleural space, increasing the reabsorption of the chyle. It was only necessary to change the chest tube after 48 hours. The dog regained its normal weight during the first month. He is currently ten months old and has no clinical evidence of recurrence.El quilo es el término con que se denomina al líquido linfático de origen intestinal. Está constituido por linfa y grasas emulsionadas, circula por los vasos linfáticos y pasa al sistema venoso a través del conducto torácico. El quilotórax es la acumulación de quilo en el espacio pleural, es provocado por cualquier proceso patológico que aumente la presión venosa sistémica, traumatismo, tumores en el mediastino, cardiopatía o anomalías congénitas del conducto torácico. En la mayoría de los casos no se puede llegar a conocer la causa específica y se denomina quilotórax idiopático. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentación de un caso clínico de un canino de raza American Pitbull Terrier con quilotórax idiopático, el cual fue remitido a consulta con disnea restrictiva y cianosis de las mucosas. La ecografía de tórax mostraba efusión pleural y pericárdica, por lo que se realizó pericardiocentesis y toracocentesis, de la cual se extrajo 370 mL de efusión pericárdica y 600 mL de efusión pleural. Se sometió al paciente a una intervención quirúrgica a las 48 horas. La pericardiectomía y la omentalización se combinaron con el objetivo de evitar taponamiento cardíaco y garantizar un drenaje fisiológico del espacio pleural aumentando la reabsorción del quilo. El presente caso se resolvió definitivamente a los cuatro días de la intervención; solo fue necesario cambiar el tubo torácico a las 48 horas. El paciente recuperó su peso normal durante el primer mes; actualmente lleva diez meses de operado sin evidencias clínicas de recidiva
A better leptospirosis diagnosis is possible
Get PDFThe current millennium has forced the concentration of resources for the diagnosis, control and treatment of a series of diseases of viral etiology such as Zika, Chikungunya and Dengue. The latter, due to its clinical manifestations, has points of contact with leptospirosis, which is why it is necessary to discard it in the differential diagnosis1. Without minimizing impact on the human health of viruses such as those mentioned above, leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses; 1.03 million severe cases are reported in humans each year, a number which is lower than the real cases2.The disease in Cuba ranks among the 35 leading causes of death and has an endemic-epidemic manifestation, with variable epidemiological characteristics. The main reservoirs of the agent include rats, pigs, dogs, and cattle3, but there is no statistical evidence to validate these findings2.Recently, the role of domestic animals as reservoirs of this serious spirochete has been researched in Camagüey province. Cattle, pigs, dogs, and horses were the predominant species, with no statistical differences among them, but they did with sheep and goats, which played a minor role in this respect; also being the least studied4,5. Subsequently, in another study over a decade, it was shown that the ratio of swine reactors/human reactors ranged from three to four. This highly significant correlation constituted an epidemiological alert6, given the high number of those animals in the urban and peri-urban areas of the city.There are epidemiological risks generated by pig farming, particularly backyard pig farming5; the same risks can also be found in horse farming. In Camagüey province, there are 84,314 horses, from which 70,714 belong to the private sector and are used for public transportation in urban and surrounding areas. Once they have completed their workday, most of them are crammed together with pigs, dogs, etc., as well as mice, in places that do not meet the required conditions. The risk of being infected with leptospirosis is high7. However, the equine species do not appear explicitly in the official MINSAP surveys for leptospirosis research, because they are not considered reservoirs of the entity under study; which is an important element in this research4.The diagnosis of reactors to Leptospira spp. is performed by indirect hemagglutination tests8 at the Provincial Centers of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology (CPHEM). This is a simple and rapid modality for the detection of Leptospira spp. but not for the serovars involved. On the other hand, the homologous Animal Health Laboratories (LPSA) determine the reactors to this entity by microagglutination test (Microagglutination Test -MAT), a more complex technique that allows the identification of serovars. This apparent advantage is biased by the criteria for the inclusion of the antigens in the batteries used. The selection corresponds to the criteria established in July 1984; representing that time and the events of decades before, not the present time9.During the last 34 years, other serovars, not present in this selection, have prevailed in cattle, dogs, pigs, horses, and sheep/goats, which become infected or remain as reservoirs4,5,8. However the serological tests performed on these domestic animals, as well as on the personnel associated with these species, serovars Hardjo, Bratislava, Sejroe, and Grippotyphosa, are not taken into account. Hardjo, Wolffi, Grippotyphosa, Copenhageni, Australis, and Bratislava are absent in the cattle and sheep/goat research8. Given the lack of more current diagnostic technologies, it is convenient to join efforts between CPHEM and LPSA with the "One Health" approach to jointly determine the type of serovar by MAT, which will contribute to a more accurate epidemiological control of this zoonosis in the country, thus diagnosis can be at the same level as the therapy10.The current millennium has forced the concentration of resources for the diagnosis, control and treatment of a series of diseases of viral etiology such as Zika, Chikungunya and Dengue. The latter, due to its clinical manifestations, has points of contact with leptospirosis, which is why it is necessary to discard it in the differential diagnosis1. Without minimizing impact on the human health of viruses such as those mentioned above, leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses; 1.03 million severe cases are reported in humans each year, a number which is lower than the real cases2.The disease in Cuba ranks among the 35 leading causes of death and has an endemic-epidemic manifestation, with variable epidemiological characteristics. The main reservoirs of the agent include rats, pigs, dogs, and cattle3, but there is no statistical evidence to validate these findings2.Recently, the role of domestic animals as reservoirs of this serious spirochete has been researched in Camagüey province. Cattle, pigs, dogs, and horses were the predominant species, with no statistical differences among them, but they did with sheep and goats, which played a minor role in this respect; also being the least studied4,5. Subsequently, in another study over a decade, it was shown that the ratio of swine reactors/human reactors ranged from three to four. This highly significant correlation constituted an epidemiological alert6, given the high number of those animals in the urban and peri-urban areas of the city.There are epidemiological risks generated by pig farming, particularly backyard pig farming5; the same risks can also be found in horse farming. In Camagüey province, there are 84,314 horses, from which 70,714 belong to the private sector and are used for public transportation in urban and surrounding areas. Once they have completed their workday, most of them are crammed together with pigs, dogs, etc., as well as mice, in places that do not meet the required conditions. The risk of being infected with leptospirosis is high7. However, the equine species do not appear explicitly in the official MINSAP surveys for leptospirosis research, because they are not considered reservoirs of the entity under study; which is an important element in this research4.The diagnosis of reactors to Leptospira spp. is performed by indirect hemagglutination tests8 at the Provincial Centers of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology (CPHEM). This is a simple and rapid modality for the detection of Leptospira spp. but not for the serovars involved. On the other hand, the homologous Animal Health Laboratories (LPSA) determine the reactors to this entity by microagglutination test (Microagglutination Test -MAT), a more complex technique that allows the identification of serovars. This apparent advantage is biased by the criteria for the inclusion of the antigens in the batteries used. The selection corresponds to the criteria established in July 1984; representing that time and the events of decades before, not the present time9.During the last 34 years, other serovars, not present in this selection, have prevailed in cattle, dogs, pigs, horses, and sheep/goats, which become infected or remain as reservoirs4,5,8. However the serological tests performed on these domestic animals, as well as on the personnel associated with these species, serovars Hardjo, Bratislava, Sejroe, and Grippotyphosa, are not taken into account. Hardjo, Wolffi, Grippotyphosa, Copenhageni, Australis, and Bratislava are absent in the cattle and sheep/goat research8. Given the lack of more current diagnostic technologies, it is convenient to join efforts between CPHEM and LPSA with the "One Health" approach to jointly determine the type of serovar by MAT, which will contribute to a more accurate epidemiological control of this zoonosis in the country, thus diagnosis can be at the same level as the therapy10.
Caracterización in vitro de propiedades probióticas de Lactobacillus ssp. aislados del tracto digestivo de abejas
Get PDFThe present work aimed at characterizing in vitro the lactic acid bacteria Fructobacillus fructosus SS66, Lactococcus garvieae SS79, Fructobacillus fructosus SS72, Lactobacillus kunkeei SS70, Lactobacillus rhamnosus SS73, isolated from the digestive tract of bees Apis mellifera. Their probiotic capacity was evaluated by enzymatic tests, growth stability at different temperatures (37 and 45°C) at a range of pH (3.5; 4.5; 5.5; 5.5; 6.5), tolerance to artificial gastric juice (AGJ), bile salts (0.3, 05 and 1 %), and adhesion tests such as aggregation, self-aggregation and hydrophobicity and microbial antagonism.. The results showed that all strains grew at 37°C at acidic pH 6.5 and 5.5 and did not grow at pH 4.5; they produced hydrogen peroxide and did not reveal hemolytic activity. The strains tolerated AGJ pH 3 for 3 h at 37 °C and bile salts up to 1%. No strain showed self-aggregation and only two (L. rhamnosus SS73 and L. kunkeei SS70) produced co-aggregation against Escherichia coli. Hydrophobicity was variable among the strains, F. fructosus SS72 exhibiting a high value, L. rhamnosus SS73 and L. kunkeei SS70 a medium value and L. garvieae SS79 and F. fructosus SS66 a low one. All strains showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect against Paenibacillus larvae and other human and animal pathogens. The best-performing strains were L. kunkeei SS70 and L. rhamnosus SS73, which were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents used, with the exception of Sulfonamide and Vancomycin. From these results, they can be incorporated into a probiotic inoculum to evaluate their effect in vivo.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar in vitro bacterias ácido lácticas (Fructobacillus fructosus SS66, Lactococcus garvieae SS79, Fructobacillus fructosus SS72, Lactobacillus kunkeei SS70, Lactobacillus rhamnosus SS73), aisladas del tracto digestivo de abejas Apis mellifera. Se evaluó su capacidad probiótica mediante pruebas enzimáticas, estabilidad de crecimiento a diferentes temperaturas (37 y 45°C) y a un rango de pH (3,5; 4,5; 5,5; 6,5), tolerancia a jugo gástrico artificial (JGA), sales biliares (0,3, 05 y 1 %); pruebas de adherencia como agregación, autoagregación e hidrofobicidad y antagonismo microbiano. Los resultados mostraron que todas las cepas crecieron a 37°C a pH ácido 6,5 y 5,5; no crecieron a pH 4,5, produjeron peróxido de hidrógeno y no revelaron actividad hemolítica. Las cepas soportaron el JGA pH 3 durante 3 h a 37°C y a las sales biliares hasta 1 %. Ninguna cepa mostró poder de autoagregación y solo dos (L. rhamnosus SS73 y L. kunkeei SS70) produjeron coagregación contra Escherichia coli. La hidrofobicidad fue variable entre las cepas, F. fructosus SS72 exhibió un valor alto, L. rhamnosus SS73 y L. kunkeei SS70 medio y L. garvieae SS79 y F. fructosus SS66 bajo. Todas las cepas presentaron amplio espectro de actividad antimicrobiana y efecto inhibitorio frente a Paenibacillus larvae y otros patógenos humanos y animales. Las cepas que mejor comportamiento mostraron corresponden a L. kunkeei SS70 y L rhamnosus SS73; fueron susceptibles a los agentes antimicrobianos utilizados con excepción de la Sulfonamida y Vancomicina y, a partir de estos resultados, se podrán incorporar en un inóculo probiótico para evaluar su efecto in vivo
Megalurothrips usitatus (BAGNALL) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), plaga emergente en el cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.); sus daños en Cuba
Get PDFCommon beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) shelter a varied entomofauna of thysanurans, among which Thrips palmi Karny stands out. In late 2019, the crop was seriously affected in the western region with severe damages associated with the presence of great populations of an unknown species of thrips. The objective of the present work was to identify the species associated with this picture of damages in the bean crop and describe its symptoms. The specimens were collected cleared for mounting on slides, and identified by using the taxonomic keys. The results showed the presence of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the evaluated plant material, where female and male adults and nymphs of the first and second instars were verified. The symptoms observed on the bean plants agreed with the form of feeding of the thrips. The symptoms observed in the affected fields were diverse according to the plant age and phenological state and the crop development.El cultivo del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) presenta una entomofauna de tisanópteros variada, entre las que se destaca Thrips palmi Karny. A finales del año 2019, en la región occidental de Cuba se presentaron serias afectaciones en el cultivo que ocasionaron daños severos, asociados a la presencia de altas poblaciones de una especie de trips desconocida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la especie asociada al cuadro de daños observados a finales de 2019 en campos y describir los síntomas presentes en áreas de producción de frijol común en la región occidental de Cuba. Se recolectaron especímenes de trips, se prepararon mediante la técnica de montaje en láminas de portaobjetos y se identificaron mediante claves taxonómicas. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) en el material vegetal evaluado, donde se constató la existencia de adultos hembras y machos, larvas de primero y segundo estadios. Los síntomas presentes en las plantas de frijol se corresponden con la forma de alimentación de los trips. En los campos afectados, se observaron diversos síntomas, según la edad, estado fenológico de las plantas y desarrollo del cultivo
Los hongos endófitos y sus aplicaciones potenciales en la agricultura
Get PDFThe objective of this work was to review different issues related to endophytes of fungal origin, with emphasis on their functions (especially those related to plant protection). In this paper, the general concept of endophyte, its classification, general procedures for its isolation, characterization and conservation are detailed. Some of its most important functions are mentioned and explained, and examples of its functions in plant protection including the risk of their application, are described, and so are the cases of mixed application with other endophytes or with other biological controls with predator or parasitoid function.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la revisión de diferentes aspectos relacionados con los endófitos de origen fúngico, con énfasis en sus funciones (en especial las relacionadas con la protección vegetal). Se detallan el concepto general de endófito, su clasificación, los procedimientos generales para su aislamiento, caracterización y conservación. Se nombran y explican algunas de sus funciones más importantes y se describen ejemplos de sus funciones en la protección de las plantas, así como de casos de la aplicación mixta con otros endófitos o con otros controles biológicos con función de depredador o parasitoide y riesgos de su aplicación
Comportamiento de la mastitis bovina en hatos lecheros del sector campesino de la provincia Villa Clara, Cuba
Get PDFMastitis is the most economically and productively important disease in the bovine milk production chain. The present work aimed to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological behavior of bovine mastitis in dairy herds of private producers in Villa Clara province. Fifty-five producers, from four municipalities, from ten Credit and Service Cooperatives (CCSs), were included. California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological isolation from milk from individual rooms were performed. Of the 1246 quarters analyzed containing 311 animals, 32.9 % were affected by subclinical mastitis, 0.32 % by clinical mastitis and 1.3 % were atrophied. The main bacteriological isolates of subclinical mastitis corresponded to Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterobacteria, with a quarter prevalence of 15.8, 9.3 and 3.7 % respectively, for intramamary infections of 35.5 %. In relation to average values of the SCC obtained in individual cows in the herds (27*103cell/mL), 6.5 % of cows with higher critical values (200*103cell/mL) were obtained. The distribution of the microorganisms by gender showed a higher incidence of Staphylococcus and Enterobacteria (26.9 and 3.7 %, respectively). The index of subclinical mastitis in the municipalities was close to what was considered correct, which was 0.5, managed as an epidemiological indicator of this disease.La mastitis es la enfermedad de mayor importancia económica y productiva en la cadena de producción de leche bovina. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico de la mastitis bovina en hatos lecheros de productores pertenecientes al sector cooperativo en la provincia Villa Clara. Se incluyeron 55 productores y cuatro municipios de diez Cooperativas de Créditos y Servicios. Se realizaron la Prueba de California Mastitis (CMT), el Conteo de Células Somáticas (CCS) y el aislamiento bacteriológico a partir de leche de cuartos individuales. De los 1246 cuartos analizados de 311 animales, el 32,9 % estaba afectado por mastitis subclínica, 0,32 % de mastitis clínica y el 1,3 % se encontraba atrofiado. Los principales aislamientos bacteriológicos de mastitis subclínica correspondieron a Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus Coagulasa Negativo y Enterobacterias, con una prevalencia por cuartos de 15,8, 9,3 y 3,7 %, respectivamente, para infecciones intramamarias de 35,5 %. Con relación al valor medio de CCS obtenido en vacas individuales en los rebaños (27*103cél/mL), se obtuvo 6,5 % de vacas con valores críticos superiores (200*103cél/mL). La distribución de los microorganismos por género evidenció una mayor incidencia de Staphylococcus y Enterobacterias (26,9 y 3,7 %, respectivamente). El índice de mastitis subclínica en los municipios se encontró próximo a lo que se consideraba correcto (0,5), manejado como un indicador epidemiológico de dicha enfermedad
Obtención de un candidato a probiótico de Lactobacillus plantarum 22 LMC a partir de un medio de cultivo natural con materias primas agroindustriales
Get PDFThe present work was aimed at obtaining a probiotic candidate of L. plantarum 22 LMC at laboratory level in a culture medium with agroindustrial residues. A natural medium based on molasses (20 %), bovine serum (33.0 %) and hydrolyzed yeast (10.36 %) (MLS) was used for the growth of L. plantarum. Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) reference medium was used as a control. Growth kinetics, pH determination and lactic acid production were evaluated. Growth values higher than 12 Log CFU mL-1 were obtained in both media at 48 h. A decrease in pH of 3.11 ± 0.01 in MLS medium, 4.01 ± 0.05 in MRS and lactic acid 3.28 ± 0.12 g.L-1 and 2.69 ± 0.12 g.L-1, was respectively observed. Biopreparation was then obtained at laboratory level. Culture purity and strain viability in such medium were established as process controls. Shelf stability was evaluated at a temperature of 5 ± 3°C, at two concentrations of the probiotic (1x109 and 1x1010 CFU/mL) for 60 days, observing stability in bacterial viability and pH, thus making the medium suitable for this purpose.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener un candidato a probiótico de L. plantarum 22 LMC a nivel de laboratorio en un medio de cultivo con residuos agroindustriales. Se empleó un medio natural a partir de melaza (20 %), suero bovino (33,0 %) y levadura hidrolizada (10,36 %) (MLS) para el crecimiento de L. plantarum; como control se empleó el medio de referencia Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS). Se evaluaron la cinética de crecimiento, la determinación del pH y la producción de ácido láctico. En ambos medios se obtuvieron valores de crecimiento superiores a 12 Log UFC mL-1 a las 48 h; se observó una disminución del pH de 3,11 ± 0,01 en el medio MLS, 4,01 ± 0,05 en MRS y de ácido láctico 3,28 ± 0,12 g.L-1 y 2,69 ± 0,12 g.L-1, respectivamente. Luego se obtuvo el biopreparado a nivel de laboratorio y se establecieron, como controles de proceso, la pureza del cultivo y la viabilidad de la cepa en dicho medio. Se evaluó la estabilidad en anaquel a la temperatura de 5 ± 3°C, a dos concentraciones del probiótico (1x109 y 1x1010 UFC/mL) durante 60 días, y se observó la estabilidad en la viabilidad bacteriana y en el pH, por lo que el medio resultó idóneo para este fin