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Characterization of GaAs/GaAlAs Heterostructures Grown on GaAs Substrate using High Resolution X-ray Diffraction Method
No full textHigh-Throughput Phenotyping Approach for Screening Major Carotenoids of Tomato by Handheld Raman Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Methods
No full textOur objective was to develop a rapid technique for the non-invasive
profiling and quantification of major tomato carotenoids using handheld
Raman spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques. A total
of 106 samples with varying carotenoid profiles were provided by the
Ohio State University Tomato Breeding and Genetics program and Lipman
Family Farms (Naples, FL, USA). Non-destructive measurement from the
surface of tomatoes was performed by a handheld Raman spectrometer
equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser, and data analysis was
performed using soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA)),
artificial neural network (ANN), and partial least squares regression
(PLSR) for classification and quantification purposes. High-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV/visible spectrophotometry were used
for profiling and quantification of major carotenoids. Seven groups were
identified based on their carotenoid profile, and supervised
classification by SIMCA and ANN clustered samples with 93\% and 100\%
accuracy based on a validation test data, respectively.
All-trans-lycopene and beta-carotene levels were measured with a
UV-visible spectrophotometer, and prediction models were developed using
PLSR and ANN. Regression models developed with Raman spectra provided
excellent prediction performance by ANN (r(pre)= 0.9, SEP = 1.1 mg/100
g) and PLSR (r(pre)= 0.87, SEP = 2.4 mg/100 g) for non-invasive
determination of all-trans-lycopene in fruits. Although the number of
samples were limited for beta-carotene quantification, PLSR modeling
showed promising results (r(cv)= 0.99, SECV = 0.28 mg/100 g).
Non-destructive evaluation of tomato carotenoids can be useful for
tomato breeders as a simple and rapid tool for developing new varieties
with novel profiles and for separating orange varieties with distinct
carotenoids (high in beta-carotene and high incis-lycopene)
Nearly Zero Energy Buıldıng Desıgn And Comparıson
No full textDünyadaki enerji ihtiyacı her geçen gün artarak devam etmektedir. Bu enerji ihtiyacının
büyük bölümünü binalar oluşturmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği’nde binaların enerji
tüketimindeki payı %40’tır. Benzer şekilde Türkiye’de enerji tüketiminde en fazla pay
binalara aittir. Bu büyük paydan tasarruf elde edebilmek için Avrupa Birliği tarafından
çeşitli çalışmalar yürütülmektedir. Avrupa Birliği binalarda enerji tüketiminin ölçülmesi ve
bilinçli yönetilmesi hedefi ile 2002/91/EC sayılı “Binaların Enerji Performansı
Direktifi”’ni 4 Ocak 2003 tarihinde yürürlüğe koymuş ve 19 Mayıs 2010 tarih ve
2010/31/EU sayı ile yeniden şekillendirmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’ne uzun yıllardır aday ülke
konumundaki Türkiye’de bu gelişmelere paralel olarak 5627 sayılı Enerji Verimliliği
Kanunu’na dayalı “Binalarda Enerji Performansı Yönetmeliği” 5 Aralık 2009 tarihinde
yürürlüğe girmiştir. Ayrıca; enerji tüketim değerlerinin azaltılması doğrultusunda yapılan
çalışmalar desteklenmekte ve yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler
doğrultusunda, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde bu konuda yapılan örnek çalışmalar ve üye
ülkelerin mevzuatları incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de Malatya ilinde kullanılan ve konvansiyonel
yöntemler ile inşa edilmiş bir kamu hizmet binasının sıfıra yakın enerjili olması
durumunun mevcut durumu ile karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Kamu hizmet binasının
EnergyPlus programı ve program ara yüzü olan DesignBuilder ile modellemesi proje
bilgilerinden faydalanılarak oluşturulmuş ve kayıtlı tüketim verileri sisteme girilerek
simülasyonu yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, oluşturulan baz modelin sıfıra yakın enerjili bina
olması durumu Avrupa Birliği’nde bulunan örnek binaların yapı elemanlarının ortalama ısı
iletim katsayıları kullanılarak simüle edilmiş ve iki durum karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlarla ekonomiklik açısından Türkiye’de binaların sıfıra yakın enerjili bina
standartlarına getirilebilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılabilmesi için devlet teşviklerinin artırılması
ve Avrupa Birliği fonları gibi fonlardan örnek çalışmalar ile yararlanılabilmesi gerektiği
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.The energy need of the earth increasingly goes on day by day. Buildings generate the
majority of the energy need. The rate of buildings in energy consumption is 40% in the
European Union. Similarly, the most rate in energy consumption belongs to the buildings
in Turkey. To get save on this great rate, various works are being carried out by the
European Union. To be measured and consciously managed of energy consumption,
European Union put in the force to “The Energy Directive of Buildings” number
2002/91/EC on 4th January 2003 and updated it with the date of 19th May 2010 and
number 2010/31/EU. In Turkey, which is at the position of candidate country to European
Union, “Regulation on Energy Performance in the Buildings’’ came into force in parallel
with these developments on 5th December 2009. In line with these developments, the
studies in the European Union countries and the legislation of the member countries have
been examined. The public building in Malatya, which was built by conventional methods,
was compared with the being able to nearly zero energy building. The public building
modeling was made up of the EnergyPlus program and the Design Builder, which is a
program interface, taking account of current situation values. Moreover, the situation of
being able to nearly zero energy building of base model made was simulated by using
average heat transformation coefficients of building elements of nearly zero energy
buildings available in the European Union and two situations were compared. For the
buildings being brought into nearly zero-energy buildings standards and popularized in
Turkey, it was concluded that government promotions need to be increased and example
works need to be benefited from funds such as European Union funds
High-throughput phenotyping approach for screening major carotenoids of tomato by handheld raman spectroscopy using chemometric methods
No full textCOVID-19 is a Real Headache!
No full textAfter the emergence of a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized by fever, sore
throat, cough, and dyspnea, mainly manifestations of respiratory system.
However, other manifestations such as headache, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, loss of taste and smell were added to the clinical spectrum,
during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reports on the
neurological findings are increasing rapidly and headache seems to be
the leader on the symptom list. Headache was reported in 11\%-34\% of
the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but clinical features of these
headaches were totally missing in available publications. According to
our initial experience, significant features of headache presentation in
the symptomatic COVID-19 patients were new-onset, moderate-severe,
bilateral headache with pulsating or pressing quality in the
temporoparietal, forehead or periorbital region. The most striking
features of the headache were sudden to gradual onset and poor response
to common analgesics, or high relapse rate, that was limited to the
active phase of the COVID-19. Symptomatic COVID-19 patients, around
6\%-10\%, also reported headache as a presenting symptom. The possible
pathophysiological mechanisms of headache include activation of
peripheral trigeminal nerve endings by the SARS-CoV-2 directly or
through the vasculopathy and/or increased circulating pro-inflammatory
cytokines and hypoxia. We concluded that as a common non-respiratory
symptom of COVID-19, headache should not be overlooked, and its
characteristics should be recorded with scrutiny
Buji ile ateşlemeli tek silindirli bir motorda krank-biyel ve rhombic hareket mekanizmalarının termodinamik olarak karşılaştırılması
No full textPartial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears in patients younger than 45 years
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the
arthroscopic repair in patients with partial and full thickness rotator
cuff tears and less than 45 years of age.
Methods: Fifty patients (26 women and 24 men; mean age: 41.4 +/- 3.96
years; range: 31-45) with rotator cuff tear, and who were treated with
the arthroscopic repair, were included in the study. Twenty patients had
full thickness and 30 had partial-thickness tears. The final functional
evaluation was conducted at a mean of 42.4 months (range, 24 to 95
months; SD:13.3). The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES)
self-report score and the University of California at Los Angeles
Shoulder Score (UCLA Shoulder Score) were used as validated scoring
systems.
Results: At the final follow-up, the mean ASES and UCLA scores improved
significantly to 72.3 and 26.5, respectively, in the full-thickness
group (p<0.01). The mean ASES and UCLA scores improved significantly to
70.7 and 25.3, respectively, in the bursal-side group (p<0.01). The mean
ASES and UCLA scores improved significantly to 75.3 and 27.1,
respectively, in the joint-side group (p<0.01). There were no
significant differences between the groups according to the
postoperative ASES score (p>0.06) and UCLA score (p<0.37).
Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair of the joint-sided tears and
bursal-sided tears has good functional outcomes as full thickness
rotator cuff tears, and the surgical option should be considered in
younger population if the conservative treatment fails
