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İşbirlikli Öğrenmeyi Destekleyen Üç-Boyutlu Sanal Öğrenme Ortamı Geliştirilmesi: Bir Durum Çalışması
No full textToxic effect of dimethoat on rat lung tissue and protective role of ferulic acid
No full textOrganofosfatlı bir pestisit olan dimethoat (O,O-dimetil-S-N-metilkarbamoilmetil fosforoditioat) böceklerin ve akarların kontrolünde kullanılmaktadır. Tarım alanlarında dimethoat, özellikle elma, armut ve diğer meyveler, tütün ve yaprak biti kontrolünde sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Fenolik bileşikler ise bitkilerde fazla miktarda bulunan sekonder metabolitlerdir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan ferulik asit bir polifenol bileşiğidir. Bu çalışmada 28 gün boyunca (subakut) dimethoat, 3 mg/kg v.a. (vücut ağırlığı) (1/100LD50, düşük doz) ve 30 mg/kg v.a. (1/10LD50, yüksek doz) dozu şeklinde iki ayrı dozda ve ferulik asit 30 mg/kg v.a. dozlarında ratlara gavaj yoluyla verilmiştir. Ferulik asit, düşük ve yüksek dozda dimethoat ile birlikte ratlara verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada oksidatif stres parametreleri olan süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktiviteleri ile lipid peroksidasyonun belirteci olan malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerin sonunda kontrol grubu ratlarla, düşük ve yüksek doz dimethoat uygulanan gruplar karşılaştırıldığında SOD, CAT, GPx, GST enzim aktiviteleri ve MDA seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artışın olduğu gözlenmiştir. Düşük ve yüksek doz dimethoat uygulanan gruplarla, ferulik asit+dimethoat uygulanan gruplar karşılaştırıldığında MDA seviyesinde ve SOD, CAT, GPx, GST enzim aktivitelerinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma meydana gelmiştir. Histopatolojik çalışmalarda düşük ve yüksek doz dimethoat uygualanan ratların akciğer dokusunda hücre infiltrasyonu, interalveolar septumda kalınlaşma, hemoraji, kongesyon ve alveolar keselerde daralma gibi patolojik bulgular gözlenmiştir. Ferulik asit+dimethoat uygulanan ratlarda patolojik bulguların azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.Dimethoate (O, O-dimethyl-S-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate), an organophosphate pesticide, is used for the control of insects and mites. In agriculture, dimethoate is often preferred, especially in the control of apples, pears and other fruits, tobacco and aphids. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that are abundant in plants. The ferulic acid used in this study is a polyphenol compound. In this study, two doses of dimethoate, 3 mg/kg v.a. (body weight) (1/100LD50, low dose) and 30 mg/kg v.a. (1/10LD50, high dose) in and ferulic acid 30 mg/kg v.a. rats were given by gavage throughout 28 days. Ferulic acid has rats with low and high doses of dimethoate. In this study, oxidative stress parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which are indicative of lipid peroxidation, were investigated. At the end of the experiments, there was a statistically significant increase in SOD, CAT, GPx, GST enzyme activities and MDA levels, when control group rats were compared with low and high dose dimethoate groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in MDA level and SOD, CAT, GPx, GST enzyme activities when low and high dose dimethoate groups were compared with dimethoate plus ferulic acid treated groups. Histopathological studies showed pathological findings such as cell infiltration in the lung tissues, thickening of the interalveolar septum, hemorrhage, congestion and alveolar sacs in rats administered low and high doses of dimethoate. The pathological findings were decreased in dimethoate plus ferulic acid treated rats
Evaluation of Pain as A Fifth Vital Sign: Nurses' Opinions and Beliefs.
No full textAfter the American Pain Society recognized pain as a fifth vital sign, many countries adopted similar pain screening approaches. The routine evaluation of pain has recently come to the agenda in Turkey, along with the important role played by nurses in pain evaluation, and hence, this study focuses on the opinions of nurses on the evaluation of pain as a fifth vital sign, their pain beliefs, and how their pain beliefs influence their opinions
Epidemiological features of primary glomerular disease in Turkey: a multicenter study by the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases Working Group
No full textBackground The largest data on the epidemiology of primary glomerular
diseases (PGDs) are obtained from the databases of countries or centers.
Here, we present the extended results of the Primary Glomerular Diseases
Study of the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases
(TSN-GOLD) Working Group. Methods Data of patients who underwent renal
biopsy and received the diagnosis of PGD were recorded in the database
prepared for the study. A total of 4399 patients from 47 centers were
evaluated between May 2009 and May 2019. The data obtained at the time
of kidney biopsy were analyzed. After the exclusion of patients without
light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy findings, a total of
3875 patients were included in the study. Results The mean age was 41.5
+/- 14.9 years. 1690 patients were female (43.6\%) and 2185 (56.3\%)
were male. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common biopsy indication
(51.7\%). This was followed by asymptomatic urinary abnormalities
(18.3\%) and nephritic syndrome (17.8\%). The most common PGD was IgA
nephropathy (25.7\%) followed by membranous nephropathy (25.6\%) and
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (21.9\%). The mean total number of
glomeruli per biopsy was 17 +/- 10. The mean baseline systolic blood
pressure was 130 +/- 20 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 81 +/- 12
mmHg. The median proteinuria, serum creatinine, estimated GFR, and mean
albumin values were 3300 (IQR: 1467-6307) mg/day, 1.0 (IQR: 0.7-1.6)
mg/dL, 82.9 (IQR: 47.0-113.0) mL/min and 3.2 +/- 0.9 g/dL, respectively.
Conclusions The distribution of PGDs in Turkey has become similar to
that in other European countries. IgA nephropathy diagnosed via renal
biopsy has become more prevalent compared to membranous nephropathy
Trend analyses of meteorological variables and lake levels for two shallow lakes in central Turkey
No full textRobust confidence intervals for the difference of two independent population variances
No full textIn this study, we propose confidence intervals and their bootstrap
versions for the difference of variances of two independent population
using some robust variance estimators. The proposed confidence intervals
are compared with Herbert confidence interval in terms of coverage
probability and average width. A simulation study is conducted to
evaluate performances of the proposed confidence intervals under
different scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the coverage
probabilities for the proposed confidence intervals are very close to
nominal confidence levels when the difference of population variances is
zero. Confidence interval based on binary distance produces the
narrowest average widths. Herbert confidence interval have not perform
well for skewed distribution populations. Confidence interval based on
comedian is generally recommended when the difference of population
variances for skewed distributions is not zero. Average widths of
bootstrap percentile confidence intervals are smaller, and decreases as
sample size and nominal size increases, as expected. Consequently, we
recommend bootstrap percentile confidence interval based on binary
distances for skewed distributions
Baseline clinical characteristics and patient profile of the TURKMI registry: Results of a nation-wide acute myocardial infarction registry in Turkey
No full textCorrespondence on 'Long-term efficacy and safety of canakinumab in patients with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever: results from the randomised phase III CLUSTER trial'
No full textCase Series of Headache Characteristics in COVID-19: Headache Can Be an Isolated Symptom
No full textHeadache was reported in up to one-third of the hospitalized patients;
yet, the clinical characteristics of headache associated with
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been defined. This
observational case study included patients who were consulted to
headache unit due to headache and had COVID-19 illness. Headache
features in 13 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms were
reported. Headache was the isolated symptom of the COVID-19 in 3
patients and emerged as an early symptom during the disease course in
all patients. Patients specified severe, rapid onset, unrelenting
headache with migraine-like features, as well as unusual sensory
symptoms such as anosmia, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea
and loss of appetite and weight. Headache lasted up to 3 days in 70\% of
the patients and resolved in all patients within 2 weeks. Despite the
fact that most of the patients were female and headache characteristics
were suggestive of migraine, majority of patients were not suffering
from primary headaches. It was concluded that headache could be an
isolated symptom of COVID-19, which might possibly be ignored in
asymptomatic patients. Headaches associated with COVID-19 included
features resembling migraine and/or atypical symptoms including anosmia
and diarrhea
