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    Evaluation and mathematical modeling of delamination and cutting forces in milling of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) materials

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    Nowadays, weight reducing is become possible with composite materials taking place of steel (60-80\%) and aluminum (20-50\%). Composite materials have become the preferred materials for many engineering applications. However, besides the advantages of composite materials, there are problems in manufacturing. Manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite materials are more difficult than other materials. This situation needs to be very selective in terms of cutting tools. In this study, a unique PCD cutting tool design was devised which is capable of eliminating the encountered difficulties, especially the exfoliation (delamination) problem on laminated/laminar formed composite board during machining carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) materials. With this cutting tools delamination and cutting forces investigated on milling of CFRP materials. 350, 400, 450 m/min cutting speeds and 1270 mm/min constant feed rate were selected as cutting parameters. The first tool were showed the best performance in consequence of the tests. Increasing cutting speed influences the and cutting forces posivitely. Besides, the effective parameters on delamination and cutting forces, were determined according to the obtained ANOVA statistics after the regression analysis

    Diagnostic value of urinary luteinizing hormone levels in the monitoring of precocious puberty treatment

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    Objective: To determine whether first-voided urinary LH (FV-ULH) - level measurement can adequately assess pubertal suppression as much as standard tests can. Subjects and methods: The study group included patients with central precocious puberty and rapidly progressing early puberty who received up to 3 - 4 doses of GnRHa therapy monthly and did not have adequate hormonal suppression after GnRH stimulation (90-minute LH level > 4 IU/L). Design: All of the participants underwent an LHRH test just after admission to the study. According to the stimulated peak LH levels, the patients were divided into 2 groups and followed until the end of the first year of treatment.The concordance between FV-ULH and stimulated LH levels was assessed. Results: The FV-ULH levels in patients with inadequate hormonal suppression were significantly high compared to patients with adequate hormonal suppression. FV-ULH levels were very strongly correlated with stimulated LH levels (r = 0.91). Its correlation with basal LH levels was significant (r = 0.65). However, this positive correlation was modestly weakened after the first year of treatment.The cutoff value for FV-ULH of 1.01 mlU/mL had the highest sensitivity (92.3\%) and specificity (100\%). Conclusion: FV-ULH levels, using more reliable and sensitive assay methods, can be used to monitor the adequacy of GnRHa therapy

    Determination of the total antioxidant and oxidant status of some galactagogue and herbal teas

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    This research was aimed to evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the total oxidant status (TOS) of galactagogues and herbal teas. Galactagogues and herbal teas used for other purposes were sold in the market for breastfeeding mothers and babies. Tea infusions were prepared by following brewing recipe on the package. TAS (mmol/L) and TOS (mu mol/L) were measured and oxidative stress indices (OSI) were calculated. TAS values of the mixed-herbal teas in granule form that sold as still tea were found to be higher (( 1.5 +/- 0.00)-(1.7 +/- 0.14) mmol/L) compared to other galactagogue tea types (P< 0.05). TAS value of the mixed-herbal tea in classic tea bag was (1.0 +/- 0.06) mmol/L while the TAS value of the vitamin added mixed-herbal tea was (3.0 +/- 0.00) mmol/L (P< 0.05). The TAS and TOS values of the night-teas were simultaneously found to be higher compared to herbal teas (P < 0.05). Besides, the highest OSI values among herbal teas was chamomile tea (6.96). In conclusion, antioxidant/oxidant status of galactagogues and other herbal teas might vary according to their form (powder or granule), type, variety of herbs in the composition, and the brand. Moreover, some galactagogues and other herbal teas have high levels of oxidant activity as well as antioxidant activity. Also, it seems that vitamin addition is important for balancing antioxidant/oxidant status of all tea types. (C) 2020 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd

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