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Bestandsovervåking av laks og sjøørret i elver på Sunnmøre høsten 2023
Get PDFPå oppdrag fra Lakseelvene på Sunnmøre, Hofseth Aqua AS og Statsforvalteren i Møre og Romsdal gjennomførte NORCE LFI bestandsovervåking i anadrome vassdrag på Sunnmøre høsten 2023. Dette var fjerde av seks år i et overvåkingsprogram som inngår i prosjektet «Mer laks og sjøørret på Sunnmøre». I 2023 ble gytefisktellinger utført i elleve vassdrag, og ungfiskundersøkelser i tre vassdrag. 2023 var et år med relativt lite innsig av laks fra havet, både til Sunnmøre og andre deler av Norge. På Sunnmøre var samlet fangst i sportsfisket blant de laveste som er registrert. Gytefisktellingene om høsten viste at mengden gytelaks var nær eller over gytebestandsmålet i syv av de undersøkte vassdragene; Tafjordelva, Valldøla, Stordalselva, Ørskogelva, Bondalselva, Åheimselva og Hareidsvassdraget. I det nasjonale laksevassdraget Ørstaelva ble gytebestandsmålet langt fra oppnådd, og det samme var tilfelle i Norangdalselva, Barstadvikelva og Søre Vartdalselva. Oppdrettslaks ble registrert i tre av vassdragene, og andelen oppdrettslaks i gytebestandene var lav (< 2 %). For sjøørret er bestandsstatus stort sett dårlig på Sunnmøre. Gytefisktellingene i 2023 ble utført litt for sent med hensyn til sjøørretens gytetid, og dataene fra dette året er derfor ikke godt egnet til å vurdere bestandsstørrelse for sjøørret. Unntakene er Ørstaelva og Norangdalselva, der tellingene av sjøørret trolig var av brukbar kvalitet. I disse elvene ble det talt henholdsvis 269 og 68 sjøørret, som i begge elver var en nedgang fra 2022. For de fleste vassdrag på Sunnmøre anbefales det å opprettholde fredningen av sjøørret inntil bestandene blir betydelig større enn i dag. Det ble utført ungfiskundersøkelser i Valldøla, Stordalselva og Ørskogelva i 2023 (sistnevnte utført av Norconsult). Det var betydelig høyere tetthet av laksunger i Ørskogelva enn i de to andre elvene. I Stordalselva var tettheten av laksunger høyere enn i de fleste tidligere undersøkelser, mens det i Valldøla ble registrert høyere tettheter enn alle tidligere år med ungfiskundersøkelser. Tettheten av ørret var lav i alle de tre elvene.Bestandsovervåking av laks og sjøørret i elver på Sunnmøre høsten 2023publishedVersio
User perspectives on the role of local services in promoting labor market participation of people with chronic illnesses
Get PDFHow do local Norwegian work, welfare, and health services (WWH services) support the labor market integration of chronically ill people? We discuss how user organization representatives evaluate the role of municipal-level service support in facilitating labor market participation of people with chronic illnesses and disabilities, and to what extent the views of user organizations are requested and included in local service development. We thus contribute to the limited research on the role of WWH services for work inclusion from the user perspective. Our analysis rests on an original web-based survey, combining qualitative and quantitative data, and a focus group discussion. Although user representatives call for strengthening of services, they also view employers’ adaptations as being more important than local services. And despite their expertise, user organizations are only included in local service development to a limited extent.publishedVersio
Sykmeldtes jobbforventninger som prediktor for retur til jobb – en kunnskapsoppsummering med overføringsverdi til NAV
Get PDFDenne rapporten er en kunnskapsoppsummering som omhandler jobbforventninger blant sykmeldte arbeidstakere. Vi har kartlagt og sammenstilt fagfellevurdert litteratur, publisert i perioden 2008–2024. Hensikten er å gjennomføre en systematisk gjennomgang av litteratur som omhandler sykmeldtes jobbforventninger. Overordnet undersøker vi om en persons jobbforventninger er en god prediktor for sykefraværets varighet og/eller personens retur til arbeid. Sekundært undersøker vi hvorvidt sykmeldtes jobbforventninger brukes inn i tiltak og i oppfølgingen av den sykmeldte. Den identifiserte litteraturen blir syntetisert og sammenstilt på en måte som gjør at kunnskapen har overføringsverdi til det utviklingsarbeidet som foregår i NAV knyttet til jobbforventninger. Dette perspektivet hensyntas både i hvordan resultatene sammenstilles og i drøftingen avslutningsvis.Sykmeldtes jobbforventninger som prediktor for retur til jobb – en kunnskapsoppsummering med overføringsverdi til NAVpublishedVersio
Environmental DNA monitoring of fish communities at the Hywind Tampen floating offshore wind farm
Get PDFEnvironmental impact assessment and regular environmental monitoring are prerequisites for the construction, operation, and decommissioning of offshore wind farms (OWFs). Molecular approaches are increasingly being considered as a possible complement or alternative to currently used marine baseline and monitoring methods, both for water column and seafloor organism studies. The following report shows the results of a study where two molecular environmental DNA (eDNA) methods – metabarcoding and ddPCR quantitative assays – have been used to characterize the water column at the Hywind Tampen floating OWF (FOWF) based on filtered 20 m and bottom water samples from within, upstream, and downstream from the FOWF as well as three reference stations further away from the FOWF. The aim of this study was to gain further information on the performance of eDNA water samples as a method to monitor impact on the pelagic ecosystem. More specifically, this work builds upon a similar study at the Hywind Scotland Pilot Park in 2021 (Ray et al., 2022), aiming to address gaps identified in that study such as temporal stability of the results, eDNA degradation and current transport in the water through sampling the same stations at three different times. Metabarcoding was employed for a community view of a) fish fauna specifically, using the MiFish primer set, and b) a universal eukaryote dataset based on 18S V1-V2 primers. Quantitative assays were employed for two commercially important pelagic fish species: mackerel and herring.Environmental DNA monitoring of fish communities at the Hywind Tampen floating offshore wind farmpublishedVersio
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health visits in primary care: an interrupted time series analysis from nine INTRePID countries
Get PDFBackground The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health disorders, affecting both individuals with pre-existing conditions and those with no prior history. However, there is limited evidence regarding the pandemic's impact on mental health visits to primary care physicians. The International Consortium of Primary Care Big Data Researchers (INTRePID) explored primary care visit trends related to mental health conditions in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, Singapore, Sweden, and the USA. Methods We conducted an interrupted time series analysis in nine countries to examine changes in rates of monthly mental health visits to primary care settings from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2021. Sub-group analysis considered service type (in-person/virtual) and six categories of mental health conditions (anxiety/depression, bipolar/schizophrenia/other psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, dementia, ADHD/eating disorders, and substance use disorder). Findings Mental health visit rates increased after the onset of the pandemic in most countries. In Argentina, Canada, China, Norway, Peru, and Singapore, this increase was immediate ranged from an incidence rate ratio of 1·118 [95% CI 1.053–1.187] to 2.240 [95% CI 2.057–2.439] when comparing the first month of pandemic with the pre-pandemic trend. Increases in the following months varied across countries. Anxiety/depression was the leading reason for mental health visits in most countries. Virtual visits were reported in Australia, Canada, Norway, Peru, Sweden, and the USA, accounting for up to 40% of the total mental health visits. Interpretation Findings suggest an overall increase in mental health visits, driven largely by anxiety/depression. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the studied countries adopted virtual care in particular for mental health visits. Primary care plays a crucial role in addressing mental ill-health in times of crisis.publishedVersio
Beyond the food on your plate: Investigating sources of microplastic contamination in home kitchens
Get PDFGiven that a substantial amount of time is spent in kitchens preparing food, the kitchen equipment used may be relevant in determining the composition and amount of microplastics ending up on our dinner plate. While previous research has predominantly focused on foodstuffs as a source of microplastics, we emphasise that micro- and nanoplastics are ubiquitous and likely originate from diverse sources. To address the existing knowledge gap regarding additional sources contributing to microplastics on our dinner plates, this review investigates various kitchen processes, utensils and equipment (excluding single-use items and foodstuffs) to get a better understanding of potential microplastic sources within a home kitchen. Conducting a narrative literature review using terms related to kitchenware and kitchen-affiliated equipment and processes, this study underscores that the selection of preparation tools, storage, serving, cooking, and cleaning procedures in our kitchens may have a significant impact on microplastic exposure. Mechanical, physical, and chemical processes occurring during food preparation contribute to the release of microplastic particles, challenging the assumption that exposure to microplastics in food is solely tied to food products or packaging. This review highlights diverse sources of microplastics in home kitchens, posing concerns for food safety and human health.publishedVersio
Towards an environmental risk assessment of microplastic – Optimization of monitoring methods and test battery for ecotoxicology testing
Get PDFThe project aimed to enhance Norway’s capacity to conduct microplastic (MP) toxicity assessments by standardizing testing methods and promoting collaboration among institutes. Assessing the biological effects of microplastics on marine organisms is essential for complementing existing plastic monitoring programs. While these programs effectively gather data on the occurrence of MPs across various environmental matrices, including biota, understanding the biological impacts may provide critical context in the future for interpreting data and formulate an effective environmental risk assessment. By examining how MPs affect the health and behaviour of marine species, we can identify potential ecological risks and inform management strategies aimed at mitigating plastic pollution. This integrated approach not only enhances our understanding of MP dynamics in marine ecosystems but also supports the development of evidence-based policies to protect marine life and preserve biodiversity. In this context, there is the necessity of a risk assessment framework which can be aligned with the efforts of achieving a Good Environmental Status (GES) assessment by defining threshold levels for MP exposure and identifying vulnerable marine species. Addressing data gaps highlighted by the Vitenskapskomitéen for Mat og Miljø (VKM, 2019), the Micro-Opt project aimed to strengthen Norway's role in global MP research supporting marine conservation and sustainable resource use. Through this collaboration, the MicroOpt consortium intended to support the combat of marine litter understanding its effects of organisms and thus aiming at protecting marine biodiversity.Towards an environmental risk assessment of microplastic – Optimization of monitoring methods and test battery for ecotoxicology testingpublishedVersio
Extreme wind and five-day precipitation dataset based on the 0.11° daily Euro-CORDEX regional climate simulations for 1976 to 2100
Get PDFExtreme weather events, such as those associated with winds and precipitation, result in billions of euros in damages annually. While changes in extreme precipitation due to global warming have already been detected at sub-continental scales, their complex characteristics make them a challenges to asses at more regional scales. Extreme winds present an even greater challenge as the varying dynamical response to global warming exhibits high levels of uncertainty. This situation is complicated by local scale interactions with orography, cities, land-sea contrasts, etc. The dataset presented here attempts to address these challenges and provide information that will allow robust assessment of extreme winds and precipitation (maximum five day precipitation). We achieve this by leveraging a large ensemble (52 members) of high resolution (12 km) EUROsingle bondCORDEX simulations. The dataset will be of value, not only to the scientific community, but also practitioners in the public (e.g., municipal planners, government agencies) and private sectors (e.g., insurers and reinsurers).publishedVersio
Erfaringer fra piloten Helsefagprosjektet i Kristiansand kommune
Get PDFI denne rapporten presenteres erfaringer fra piloten Helsefagprosjektet i Kristiansand kommune. Forskningsprosjektet er en del av NFR-prosjektet Inkluderingspartnerskap, som skal undersøke hvorfor noen er utenfor arbeid og utdanning, samt hvordan flere skal komme i arbeid. Rapporten oppsummerer og presenterer de mest sentrale erfaringene med Arbeidsledermodellen i Helsefagprosjektet. Intervjupersonene var arbeidsledere, deltakere, ansatte på omsorgssentrene og ansatte i NAV tilknyttet piloten. Hovedmålet med Helsefagprosjektet er at deltakerne skal bli kvalifisert til jobb i helsesektoren og få den hjelpen de trenger på veien. Deltakerne i Helsefagprosjektet fikk prøve seg i helse- og omsorgsyrket uten formell kompetanse. Arbeidslederne har helsefaglig utdanningsbakgrunn og er ansatt i NAV på prosjektmidler gjennom programmet Flere i arbeid og NAV, og har sin daglige arbeidsplass på omsorgssentreneErfaringer fra piloten Helsefagprosjektet i Kristiansand kommunepublishedVersio
Modalselva - en kunnskapsoppsummering 2024
Get PDFDet pågår et betydelig prosjekt for å gjenopprette laksebestanden i Modalselva, og behovet for en kunnskapsoppsummering er stort. Foreliggende rapport inkluderer data om effektene av vassdragsregulering, forsuring og kalking, samt tiltak som rognplanting og slep av klekkerismolt. Videre beskriver den planene for innfangning og slep av villsmolt fra 2024. Formålet er å gi et helhetlig bilde av status og å prioritere fremtidige tiltak for å støtte laksestammens gjenoppretting.Modalselva - en kunnskapsoppsummering 2024publishedVersionpublishedVersio