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Habitatkartlegging i Øysteseelva i 2024
Full text linkDenne rapporten sammenstiller resultatene av habitatkartlegging utført av NORCE LFI i Øysteseelva høsten 2024. Habitat for laks og sjøørret, og menneskelige inngrep, ble kartlagt på hele anadrom strekning, samt på en strekning oppstrøms anadromt vandringshinder. Anadrom del av Øysteseelva bærer preg av å renne gjennom et tettsted med mye bebyggelse langs elva. Trolig er mye av dagens elveutforming på anadrom strekning kunstig, og kanalisering av elveløpet har sannsynligvis forringet habitatkvaliteten for laks og ørret. Oppstrøms anadrom strekning er elven derimot nesten urørt. Gyteareal er habitatflaskehalsen på begge de kartlagte strekningene. Anadrom strekning har større og bedre gyteområder enn øvre strekning, men vår vurdering er at øvre strekning har bedre oppvekstforhold enn anadrom strekning. Dette skyldes at anadrom strekning har flere partier med bart fjell i elvebunnen, der ungfisk ikke kan finne skjul og vannhastighetene blir veldig høye. Det beste tiltaket for å bedre produksjonspotensialet i vassdraget vil være å øke anadromt areal gjennom utvidelse av elvebredden og gjenåpning av sideløp på anadrom strekning, samt strategisk utlegg av stein for å sikre at mer grus legger seg i elva.Habitatkartlegging i Øysteseelva i 2024publishedVersio
Diagnosing acute lower respiratory tract infections in out-of-hours services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkBackground
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) commonly lead people to seek out-of-hours primary care. Symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections overlap, and access to definite diagnostic tools is lacking in most out-of-hours settings. Distinguishing between different LRTIs is vital to ensure appropriate antibiotic prescribing.
The study aimed to identify which clinical factors have guided out-of-hours physicians in distinguishing LRTIs in the late phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Out-of-hours physicians from France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain registered pre-defined clinical information about all cases suspected of an RTI on an A4-paper Audit Project Odense chart from January to March 2022. Two multivariable logistic regressions were performed to analyse which clinical factors the physicians used to distinguish between pneumonia and other LRTIs.
Results
A total of 1,222 cases of either pneumonia, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, common cold/influenza, or COVID-19 were registered by 86 participating physicians. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms reported. The pneumonia diagnosis was associated with abnormal lung auscultation (odds ratio (OR) 11.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.14–31.45), poor general condition (OR 5.96, CI 2.43–14.60), tachypnoea (OR 2.55, CI 1.38–4.73), and a combination of fever and cough (OR 11.10, CI 2.87–42.97).
Conclusion
During the late COVID-19 pandemic, out-of-hours physicians’ registered information about the patients’ clinical condition, respiratory rate assessment, and lung auscultation evaluation were associated with diagnosing pneumonia, among other LRTIs.publishedVersio
Tiltak for økt valgdeltakelse blant personer med innvandrerbakgrunn
Full text linkFormålet med denne rapporten er å undersøke forklaringer på den lave valgdeltakelsen blant innvandrerne, identifisere innvandrergrupper med spesielt lav deltakelse samt å diskutere mulige tiltak for å øke deltakelsen. Vi analyser valgdeltakelsen i stortingsvalget 2021 og i kommunestyrevalget 2023 bygger på individbaserte registerdata for alle stemmeberettigede, samt en spørreundersøkelse blant et utvalg av innvandrere gjennomført i etterkant av lokalvalget i 2023. Analysene tar utgangspunkt i en litteraturgjennomgang som knytter innvandernes valgdeltakelse til både innvandrerspesifikke- (som botid og landbakgrunn), generelle individuelle- (som kjønn og alder), samt nettverksbaserte (som nabolag og familieforhold) forklaringsperspektiver. I analysene sammenlignes valgdeltakelsen blant ulike grupper av innvandrere (etter landbakgrunn og innvandringsgrunn) og innvandrernes etterkommere med majoritetsbefolkningen (norskfødte).Tiltak for økt valgdeltakelse blant personer med innvandrerbakgrunnpublishedVersio
Industry development in the absence of a home market: A semi-systemic review of the drivers for offshore wind industry development in Norway
Full text linkHome markets are considered crucial in the emergence of any domestic industry. However, Offshore Wind Power (OWP) research on the role of home markets is scant. This paper addresses this gap building on a semi-systemic review of the development of the Norwegian OWP industry. Norway is the only North-Sea country without large-scale OWP market despite possessing the ideal conditions for OWP. Yet, the domestic industry has grown to become the largest and internationally competitive sector measured by turnover and the number of jobs created. This paper reviews the drivers and actor strategies that shaped the development of the industry despite the lack of a viable home market. Our findings indicate that in the absence of strong drivers for home market formation, the industry’s development has been shaped by opportunities abroad (i.e., export), and the diversification and electrification imperatives of the domestic Oil and Gas industry. However, it’s noteworthy that due to the rising geopolitical tensions in recent years and the subsequent ‘energy security’ imperatives, opening-up of a domestic OWP market has become a policy priority. Our review reveals that in the absence of a home market, the presence of internationally leading Petro-maritime industry has played a crucial role in the development of competitive capabilities of the OWP suppliers. Furthermore, the main market for OWP has been the proximate North Sea area, which is considered a home market by the Norwegian Petro-maritime industry. Hence, we argue that geographical proximity may have also compensated for the lack of a home market.Industry development in the absence of a home market: A semi-systemic review of the drivers for offshore wind industry development in NorwaypublishedVersio
GLORIA Norge 2024: Overvåkning av vegetasjon, vekstsesong og isbre
Full text linkGLORIA-Norge sitt hovedmål er å overvåke endringer i vegetasjon, fenologi og fysiske faktorer i relasjon til vær- og klimaendringer langs høyde-, snøvarighet- og kyst-/innland-gradienter i fjellområder i Sør- og Nord-Norge. Denne årsrapporten beskriver følgende delprosjekter gjennomført i 2024/2025: Reinventering av fastruter på fjellet Kaldfonna, overvåkning av vekstsesongen i sørlige og nordlig transekt, og bremålinger. I tillegg ble temperaturloggere på GLORIA-fjellet Tron byttet, men det blir ikke nærmere beskrevet i denne rapporten.GLORIA Norge 2024: Overvåkning av vegetasjon, vekstsesong og isbrepublishedVersio
Suitability of Real-Time PCR Methods for New Genomic Technique Detection in the Context of the European Regulations: A Case Study in Arabidopsis
Full text linkPCR methods are widely applied for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Europe, facilitating compliance with stringent regulatory requirements and enabling the accurate identification and quantification of genetically modified traits in various crops and foodstuffs. This manuscript investigates the suitability of real-time PCR methods for detecting organisms generated through new genomic techniques (NGTs), specifically focusing on a case study using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model gene-edited plant. Given the complexities of European regulations regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the classification of gene-edited plants, there is a pressing need for robust detection methods. Our study highlights the development and validation of a novel single-plex real-time PCR method targeting a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the grf1-3 gene modified using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We emphasize the effectiveness of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified primers in improving specificity. The results demonstrate that while the grf1-3 LNA method successfully detected and quantified gene-edited Arabidopsis DNA, achieving absolute specificity remains a challenge. This study also addresses the significance of the cross-laboratory method for validation, demonstrating that the method developed for an SNP-modified allele can be performed in accordance with the precision and trueness criteria established by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL). Furthermore, we call for continued collaboration among regulatory agencies, academia, and industry stakeholders to refine detection strategies. This proactive approach is essential not only for regulatory compliance but also for maintaining public trust in the safe integration of gene-edited organisms into food products.publishedVersio
Monitoring Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) distribution in the Southern Ocean: environmental DNA (eDNA) adds to the toolbox
Full text linkAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) is a key species of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, immensely abundant and targeted by the krill fishery. For their sustainable management, krill distribution and biomass estimates are required, typically achieved through acoustic-trawl surveys. We explore how krill environmental DNA (eDNA) can contribute to our understanding or Antarctic krill habitat and distribution. We collected eDNA samples by filtering five liters of seawater per sample in the East Antarctic Southern Ocean from the surface (5 m depth) and seafloor (381–4422 m depth, total n = 110). We used quantitative PCR to measure Antarctic krill eDNA abundance and age, and eDNA metabarcoding to detect any krill species. This eDNA data was compared to acoustic, visual and trawl detections of Antarctic krill. Antarctic krill eDNA was common in surface samples and largely overlapped with visual and trawl detections. Highest eDNA concentrations were detected above krill swarms, with concentrations declining with increasing distance from swarms. Near recent eDNA sampling locations, krill swarms were more likely acoustically detected than near old eDNA sampling locations. Antarctic krill detections were less common in seafloor locations, and detections were concentrated in the continental slope area to the south of the survey area, both for visual detections and for recent eDNA detections. Both methods detected Antarctic krill at great depths (recent eDNA: 4300 m; visual: 3080 m). In both eDNA and trawl data, Antarctic krill was the dominant krill species, followed by Thysanoessa macrura G.O. Sars, which was particularly abundant in larval stages throughout the survey area, including at Antarctic krill swarm locations. We recommend the inclusion of eDNA data for Antarctic krill distribution estimates and understanding of habitat use, particularly in difficult-to-access areas, such as under ice or benthic habitats.publishedVersio
A virtue of Necessity? Voters’ Views on Outer Parties’ Cooperation in Coalition Governments
Full text linkArtikkelen retter søkelyset mot norske velgernes syn på dannelsen av koalisjonsregjeringer. Med data fra Norsk Monitor 2019–2023 undersøker vi holdningene til ytterpartiene i de to hovedalternativene, dvs. Sp- og SV-velgernes syn på sentrum-venstre-alternativet, og Frp-, KrF- og Venstre-velgernes syn på sentrum-høyre-alternativet. Undersøkelsen viser at entusiasmen for regjeringssamarbeid mellom ytterpartiene i de to alternativene er begrenset, og at et slikt samarbeid oppfattes mer som en dyd av nødvendighet. Artikkelen viser også at det er flere av dimensjonene i norsk politikk som påvirker velgernes syn på regjeringssamarbeid med det motstående ytterpartiet i vedkommende alternativ. Dette gjelder særlig innvandringsdimensjonen og offentlig-privat-dimensjonen, men også andre dimensjoner knyttet til enkeltpartiers hjertesaker ser ut til å påvirke disse velgernes syn på regjeringssamarbeid.A virtue of Necessity? Voters’ Views on Outer Parties’ Cooperation in Coalition GovernmentspublishedVersio
Perspective in the industrial applications of sonoelectrochemical hydrogen production
Full text linkSonoelectrochemistry is the incorporation of power ultrasound in electrochemistry. The use of ultrasound in electrochemical processes such as water electrolysis can lead to an energy efficiency enhancement in the range of 2–25% in low-temperature water electrolysers (LT-WE). However, this improvement greatly depends upon several factors such as the cell reactor design, the ultrasonic frequency, the transmitted acoustic power, and the distance between the ultrasonic transducer and the electrode. The main objectives of this review are to highlight recent advancements in using power ultrasound in water electrolysis and shed some light on possible commercial development by addressing the fundamental obstacles that lie in this technology. Several research works have highlighted that the efficiency improvement in ultrasound-aided water electrolysis is principally due to the gas bubble removal from the electrode surface, which ultimately reduces the ohmic resistance of the electrolytic cell. However, even with the observed higher efficiencies from the sonoelectrolysers for hydrogen production in R&D labs, this technology still faces challenges for further development due to the efficiency in competing with commercial LT-WEs, which are already in the range of 60–70%. If sonoelectrolysers are to succeed for commercial development and large-scale industrial applications, they would need to achieve overall efficiency much higher than current commercial LT-WEs.publishedVersio
An analytical 1D model for computing low-frequency electromagnetic fields in material layers: Application to metallurgical furnaces
Full text linkAn analytical one-dimensional model for the distribution of electric fields within multiple material layers is developed and analyzed. The model originates from the study of large three-phase electric smelting furnaces for ferroalloys and is derived from the low-frequency time-harmonic Maxwell's equations. A solution is obtained for a general case with N layers of material with different electromagnetic properties. A practical demonstration of the utility of the model is given through an application to a multilayer configuration representing the lining and casing in a FeMn furnace, with validation against 2D simulations. In addition, for a specific two-layer scenario with a highly conductive material, an approximate solution for the adjacent layer is derived. This approximation allows the distribution of the adjacent layer to depend only on its individual properties, and shows that the dissipated power reaches a maximum value when the skin depth/thickness ratio is around one. Comparative analysis between the analytical model and 2D simulations shows good qualitative agreement.publishedVersio