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The effect of Ethno STEM actıvıtıes on 7th grade students' conceptual understanding, entrepreneurship, motivation, and cultural awareness
No full textGüncel eğitim politikaları, özellikle kırsal bölgelerde STEM uygulamalarına erişim sınırlılıklarının giderilmesini ve kültürel bağlamın öğrenme süreçlerine dâhil edilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle Etno-STEM yaklaşımının öğrenci öğrenmeleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Etno-STEM etkinliklerinin 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin kavramsal anlama, fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon, fen tabanlı girişimcilik ve kültürel farkındalık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışma, 2024–2025 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir köy okulunda öğrenim gören 14 öğrenciyle yürütülmüş ve araştırmada iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır. Nicel veriler, dört ünite için uygulanan kavramsal anlama testleri ile motivasyon, girişimcilik ve kültürel farkındalık ölçeklerinden; nitel veriler ise yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve öğrenci ürünlerinden elde edilmiştir. Nicel veriler karşılaştırmalı analiz, nitel veriler ise içerik ve betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Etno-STEM etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin kavramsal anlama düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artış sağladığını göstermiş; öğrenciler, öğrenme sürecini daha somut, anlaşılır ve günlük yaşamla ilişkili bulduklarını ifade etmiştir. Fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyonda nicel olarak anlamlı bir değişim görülmese de nitel bulgular, öğrencilerin derse ilgilerinin arttığını ortaya koymuştur. Girişimcilik ölçeğinde öğrencilerin iş birliği, sorumluluk alma ve üretkenlik alt boyutlarında gelişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Kültürel farkındalıkta nicel olarak anlamlı bir artış elde edilmiş, nitel bulgular öğrencilerin kültürel değerlere yönelik duyarlılık kazandığını göstermiştir. Genel olarak, Etno-STEM yaklaşımının özellikle kavramsal öğrenmeyi güçlendirdiği, kültürel bağlamla ilişkilendirilmiş anlamlı bir öğrenme ortamı sunduğu, nitel bulgular doğrultusunda duyuşsal gelişimi desteklediği ve bu nedenle Etno-STEM’in özellikle kırsal bölgelerde fen öğrenimini zenginleştiren etkili bir öğretim modeli olduğu söylenebilir.Recent educational initiatives emphasize the need to address inequities in access to STEM learning in rural settings and to incorporate cultural context into instructional processes. In this regard, examining the impact of the Ethno-STEM approach has become increasingly important. This study aims to explore the effects of Ethno-STEM activities on 7th-grade students’ conceptual understanding, motivation toward science learning, STEM-based entrepreneurship, and cultural awareness. Conducted with 14 students from a rural village school during the 2024–2025 academic year, the research employed an embedded mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were obtained through conceptual understanding tests administered across four units, as well as motivation, entrepreneurship, and cultural awareness scales. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and student artifacts. Quantitative data were analyzed comparatively, while qualitative data were examined using descriptive and content analysis. The findings indicate that Ethno-STEM activities significantly enhanced students’ conceptual understanding and supported their ability to relate science topics to real-life contexts. Although motivation scores did not show a statistically significant quantitative change, qualitative results revealed increased interest in science learning. No overall significant difference was observed in entrepreneurship scores; however, improvements were noted in collaboration, responsibility, and productivity. Cultural awareness increased significantly, with qualitative evidence demonstrating greater sensitivity to cultural values and stronger connections between scientific and cultural knowledge. Overall, the findings suggest that Ethno-STEM offers a meaningful and culturally grounded learning experience, strengthens conceptual learning, and supports affective development, making it a promising model for enriching science education in rural contexts
Coverage of the constructions insurance
No full textGünümüz ekonomisinin temel dinamiklerinden biri olan inşaat sektörü, gerek ekonomik büyümeye sağladığı katkı gerekse artan nüfus, kentleşme ve teknolojik gelişmeler doğrultusunda ortaya çıkan yapı ihtiyacı nedeniyle önemini her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Yeni yapıların inşası ve mevcut yapıların yenilenmesi gereksinimi, inşaat faaliyetlerinin hacmini büyütmekte ve projelerin daha kısa sürede tamamlanmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Ancak bu süreçte; yangın, deprem, sel, savaş gibi birçok rizikonun meydana gelmesi riski de mevcuttur. Bu tür risklerin yol açabileceği maddi kayıplara karşı güvence sağlamak amacıyla inşaat sigortaları devreye girmektedir. İnşaat sigortaları, çok çeşitli rizikoların varlığı göz önünde bulundurularak "bütün riskler" (all risks) esasına göre yapılandırılmış zarar sigortalarıdır. Bu sigorta türünde, teminat dışında bırakılmamış her türlü zarar, sigortacının sorumluluğuna dâhil olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, inşaat sigortası sözleşmesinin tarafları, sözleşmenin özellikleri, teminat kapsamı detaylı biçimde ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca, uygulamada inşaat sigortasının yapılmasını gerekli kılan başlıca nedenlerden biri olan inşaat sözleşmesine de kısaca değinilecektir. Çalışma, yürürlükteki Türk Ticaret Kanunu hükümleri doğrultusunda hazırlanmakla birlikte, gerektikçe mülga Türk Ticaret Kanunu'na da atıf yapılacaktır. Her ne kadar yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun kabulünden bu yana uzun bir süre geçmiş olsa da, İnşaat Sigortası Genel Şartları henüz güncellenmediğinden, halen yürürlükte olan ve eski kanun döneminde hazırlanan genel şartlar ile uygulamada sıkça başvurulan Münih Reasürans klozları da inceleme kapsamında değerlendirilecektir.The construction sector, as one of the fundamental dynamics of today's economy, continues to gain importance due to its contribution to economic growth and the increasing demand for buildings resulting from population growth, urbanization, and technological developments. The need for constructing new buildings and renovating existing ones expands the volume of construction activities and necessitates the completion of projects within shorter timeframes. However, throughout this process, there exists a significant risk of various perils such as fire, earthquake, flood, and war. To provide financial protection against the losses that may arise from such risks, construction insurance comes into play. Construction insurance is a type of indemnity insurance structured on an "all risks" basis, taking into account the wide range of potential hazards. Under this type of insurance, all losses that are not expressly excluded from coverage are deemed to fall under the insurer's liability. This study will examine the parties to a construction insurance contract, the characteristics of the contract, and the scope of coverage in detail. Furthermore, brief attention will be given to the construction contract, which in practice is one of the primary reasons for obtaining construction insurance. Although the study is prepared in accordance with the provisions of the current Turkish Commercial Code, references will be made to the repealed Turkish Commercial Code where appropriate. Despite the considerable time that has passed since the enactment of the new Code, the General Conditions of Construction Insurance have not yet been updated. Therefore, the general conditions established under the former Code, along with the Munich Reinsurance clauses frequently used in practice, will also be taken into consideration in the analysis
Factors affecting demand in the used car market
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye'deki ikinci el otomobil piyasasında talebi etkileyen faktörleri analiz ederek, tüketici davranışları ve piyasa dinamiklerine ilişkin iç görüler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada çoklu regresyon analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, bağımsız değişkenlerin ilan süresi üzerindeki etkileri istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Anlamlılık düzeyleri dikkate alınarak sonuçlar detaylı bir şekilde yorumlanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre daha yüksek donanım paketine sahip araçların daha uzun süre ilanda kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Değişen parça sayısının artışı, ilan süresini uzatırken, boyalı parça sayısının etkisi daha düşük düzeyde olmakla birlikte anlamlıdır. Bununla birlikte, model yılı ve kilometre değişkenlerinin etkileri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca, hatchback araçlar sedan kasa tipine göre daha kısa ilan sürelerine sahipken, SUV araçlar daha uzun süre ilanda kalmaktadır. Analizler neticesinde bu çalışma, Türkiye ikinci el otomobil piyasasında tüketici tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri anlamaya yönelik literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır. Sektördeki aktörlere yönelik şeffaflık ve güven artırıcı politikaların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.This study aims to analyze the factors affecting demand in the Turkish second-hand automobile market, providing insights into consumer behaviors and market dynamics. Using multiple regression analysis, the effects of independent variables on listing durations were statistically evaluated, and the results were interpreted considering their significance levels. According to the analysis results, vehicles with higher equipment packages were found to remain listed for longer durations. An increase in the number of replaced parts extends the listing duration, while the impact of painted parts, though significant, is relatively less pronounced. However, the effects of model year and mileage variables were not found to be statistically significant. Additionally, hatchback cars have shorter listing durations compared to sedans, while SUVs tend to stay listed longer. Based on the analyses, this study makes a significant contribution to the literature by advancing the understanding of factors influencing consumer preferences in Turkey's second-hand automobile market. It also recommends the development of transparency and trust-enhancing policies for market actors
“Looking behind the curtain”: Preservice visual arts teachers’ experiences on culture jamming learning-teaching process
No full textScholars have examined the pedagogical implications of culture jamming as a challenge to the normalisation of consumer culture, but there is limited empirical research exploring its practical applications in learning and teaching. This case study involved fifteen preservice visual arts teachers from a state university's undergraduate arts and crafts teacher education programme in Türkiye. The classroom activities focused on critical inquiry and artistic production related to advertisements and broader cultural issues. The findings suggest that culture jamming appeared to foster an experimental and contextual learning environment, promoting critical engagement, empowerment, and creative expression
The effect of using vein visualization devices to facilitate peripheral intravenous cannulation on pain, fear, and patient satisfaction in adult oncology patients: A randomized controlled trial
No full textObjective To investigate the effect of vascular imaging using near-infrared (NIR) light and transilluminator devices on pain, fear of pain, and patient satisfaction during peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) insertion. Methods NIR light visualization (n = 50) and transilluminator (n = 50) techniques were used in the intervention, while the standard method was used in the control group (n = 52). The primary outcome was the success rate of first-attempt PIVC insertion, pain, and fear of pain with the PIVC procedure. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and duration of cannulation. Results The rate of successful first-attempt cannulation was 90% in the NIR light group, 70% in the transilluminator group, and 96.2% in the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between the intensities of PIVC pain and fear of PIVC insertion pain between the groups. NIR light and control group participants' satisfaction and overall experience of PIVC insertion scores were higher than transilluminator participants. The PIVC procedure length of time for the transilluminator group (43.88 +/- 10.5 s) participants was higher than that of the NIR light (29.06 +/- 11.52 s) and control group (27.19 +/- 14.83 s) participants (p < 0.05). Conclusions The difference obtained in the study did not reveal a significant enough difference to determine the best method to reduce pain and fear of pain. Additionally, regarding patient satisfaction, participants in the NIR light and control groups reported higher satisfaction levels than the transilluminator group. The transilluminator group had the longest PIVC procedure. Vein visibility scores differed significantly among the groups, with higher visibility observed in the NIR light and control groups than in the transilluminator group.Springer Natur
Skeletal deformities and surgical procedures in orthognathic surgery patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis of 1095 cases
No full textBackground Orthognathic surgery is a well-established method for correcting skeletal dentofacial deformities. Despite its widespread application, large-scale data describing deformity prevalence and the distribution of surgical approaches remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of skeletal deformities and orthognathic surgical procedures in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Methods In this retrospective study, the radiographic records of 1095 patients (663 females, 432 males; aged 16-65 years; mean age: 23.07 +/- 5.6 years) treated between 2014 and 2024 were analyzed. Sagittal deformities were classified using the ANB angle as Class I (0 degrees 4 degrees), and Class III (ANB < 0 degrees), supported by Wits appraisal, overjet, and soft tissue profile evaluation. Maxillary transverse deficiency was diagnosed clinically or radiographically, with surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) recorded as the treatment modality. Surgical procedures included Le Fort I, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), segmental osteotomy, distraction osteogenesis, condylectomy, and genioplasty. Patients were further classified by sequencing (maxilla-first vs. mandible-first) and protocol (surgery-first vs. orthodontics-first). Results Class III deformity was most frequent (71.3%), followed by Class II (17.6%) and Class I (2.1%). Maxillary transverse deficiency was observed in 8.9% of patients (34.7% Class I, 29.6% Class II, 35.7% Class III), for whom surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) was performed as the treatment modality. Asymmetry was found in 10.8% of patients (1.6% with condylectomy), anterior open bite in 11.5%, vertical maxillary excess in 1.3%, and cleft lip/palate in 1.9%. Genioplasty was performed in 7.9%. Rarely, segmental osteotomy (0.7%) or mandibular distraction (0.3%) was applied. The most frequent procedure was bimaxillary surgery involving Le Fort I and BSSO (69.1%). Maxilla-first sequencing was preferred in 91.4% of bimaxillary cases, while 1.2% underwent surgery-first treatment. Conclusion In this large cohort, the maxilla-first approach was predominantly preferred in bimaxillary surgery, with most patients being young adult females with skeletal Class III deformities. Maxillary transverse deficiency (8.9%) was managed with SARPE, while the rarity of surgery-first protocols reflected case complexity. These findings underscore the importance of individualized planning, patient counseling, and the integration of digital technologies to optimize outcomes in diverse dentofacial deformities
Metaheuristic-driven optimization of a neural model using tuna swarm intelligence for cognitive classification of wheat species
No full textAccurate classification of wheat varieties is vital for enhancing agricultural productivity and maintaining food quality standards. However, conventional methods based on manual inspection are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error. This paper introduces an innovative methodology that integrates the tuna swarm optimization algorithm with a multi-layer perceptron neural network to achieve high-accuracy classification of wheat species. The SEEDS dataset, containing three wheat species (Kama, Rosa, and Canadian), was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Initially, the tuna swarm optimization algorithm's robustness was validated using the CEC 2019 benchmark suite, where it demonstrated superior performance against alternative metaheuristics such as the Archimedes optimization algorithm, prairie dog optimization, and Harris hawks optimization. Tuna swarm optimization achieved a 79.29% classification accuracy (Macro and Weighted F1-score = 0.7923) while significantly reducing the mean squared error to 7.52E - 02, outperforming other optimization algorithms. The proposed tuna swarm optimization-based multi-layer perceptron exhibited strong generalization capability, as demonstrated by the ROC-AUC values exceeding 0.77 for all classes, with the highest classification success observed in class "0" (AUC = 0.9851). Compared to conventional gradient-based training methods, the tuna swarm optimization-enhanced multi-layer perceptron model consistently outperformed alternative techniques in convergence stability, classification precision, and robustness across multiple iterations. These results highlight the potential of metaheuristic-driven neural network optimization in agricultural applications, providing a highly efficient and scalable solution for automated wheat classification
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of a sacrococcygeal mass: Teratoma or fetus in fetu?
No full textSynthesis and photoelectric properties of tlins2 nanoflake-doped pvp thin-film photodetectors
No full textThis study investigates the electrical transport and optoelectronic properties of polymer-based nanocomposite thin films, specifically pristine polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP:TlInS2 composites, fabricated as photodetectors on n-Si substrates. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements revealed rectifying behavior characteristic of Schottky-like junctions, with current transport primarily governed by thermionic emission, albeit influenced by non-ideal factors, such as interface states and series resistance. The incorporation of TlInS2 significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity of the composite film by orders of magnitude compared to pristine PVP, attributed to improved charge transport pathways. Illumination-dependent I-V characteristics demonstrated an apparent increase in photocurrent with increasing light intensity for both devices. Quantitative analysis of optoelectronic parameters showed that the PVP:TlInS2 composite exhibited superior responsivity (up to 0.513 A/W) and achieved an external quantum efficiency exceeding 100% (up to 117.1%), indicating photoconductive gain. Crucially, the composite device demonstrated a remarkably low noise equivalent power (10(-14) W/Hz(1/2)) and a high detectivity (> 10(13) cm Hz(1/2)/W), representing a two order-of-magnitude improvement over the pristine PVP. This enhanced sensitivity is primarily due to the substantial reduction in dark current. Furthermore, time-dependent photocurrent measurements confirmed the device's stable, fast, and repeatable "On-Off" switching capabilities. These findings highlight the potential of PVP:TlInS2 nanocomposites for developing high-performance, sensitive, and efficient optoelectronic devices
Radiological growth rate of dentigerous cysts associated with mandibular third molars: A retrospective panoramic study
No full textBackground and Objectives: Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic lesions associated with the crowns of impacted teeth and are the second most common odontogenic cyst after radicular cysts. Despite being described as slow-growing, their growth has not been numerically quantified. This study aims to determine the radiological growth rate of dentigerous cysts through quantitative analysis, to clarify their biological behavior, improve clinical management, and guide future research by filling a significant gap in the literature. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, records of 187 patients diagnosed with dentigerous cysts at Dicle University between 2020 and 2024 were reviewed. Twelve patients with cysts associated with mandibular impacted third molars and at least two high-quality panoramic radiographs taken at different time points were included. In all of these patients with adequate and suitable radiographic records, the dentigerous cysts were associated with mandibular third molars, which contributed to the standardization of imaging and measurements. All images were obtained using the same digital system and converted to DICOM format. Maximum anteroposterior (A-P) and inferosuperior (I-S) dimensions were measured twice by the same examiner, and mean values were recorded. Follow-up intervals were noted, and monthly dimensional changes were evaluated. Due to the rarity of untreated cases, a sample of only 12 patients was considered meaningful. Results: Most patients were female, with no significant gender differences in age or follow-up time. Cyst dimensions increased over time, showing marked enlargement in the anteroposterior (A-P) direction and a similar upward trend in the inferosuperior (I-S) dimension. Conclusions: In our study, growth in the anteroposterior direction was higher than that in the inferosuperior direction, and no significant differences in growth rates were observed with respect to sex or age