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Evaluation of the concentrations of current use pesticides (CUPs) in urban air and rainfall, and their wet deposition flux in a metropolitan environment
No full textThis study assesses the wet deposition fluxes and washout ratios of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in Bursa, Turkey, to better understand their environmental impact. It investigates the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these compounds, particularly focusing on CUPs like benomyl, dichlorvos, dimethoate, imidacloprid, monochrotophos, and pymetrozine. The concentrations of CUPs in both ambient air and precipitation showed seasonal variations, with peaks in spring and summer due to increased agricultural activities. Precipitation concentrations of CUPs also varied, when the detection rates based on CUP congeners are analyzed, benomyl (70 %) and pymetrozine (66 %) are the most frequently detected congeners in the collected samples, particularly during the peak agricultural season. Wet deposition fluxes were highest in spring and summer, while dry deposition fluxes peaked in autumn and winter. Benomyl, dichlorvos, dimethoate, and imidacloprid were determined the most abundant CUP congeners in both phase (gas and particle phase). The dry deposition velocities ranged from 0.001 to 2.26 cm/s, and washout ratios varied between 1.35 × 10−4 and 1.18 × 10−6, depending on the CUP congeners. These findings underscore the need for ongoing monitoring, enhanced measurement techniques, and interdisciplinary collaboration to better understand CUP distribution and its environmental and health impacts, while developing effective management strategies
7-11 Yaş arası çocukların bilişsel gelişim aşamaları ve bilimsel muhakeme özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma
Get PDFMany countries have structured their educational systems based on Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. However, Piaget also emphasized that development is influenced by culture and that the age ranges for cognitive stages may vary across different cultural contexts. Therefore, it is essential to understand the developmental stages of children within a specific country before designing educational levels, developing instructional materials, or implementing teacher training programs. Otherwise, the quality and effectiveness of a country's educational system may be compromised. This study investigated the cognitive development stages and scientific reasoning characteristics of children aged 7 to 11. The sample consisted of 45 students, divided into five age groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observation forms. The interview questions were based on two thought experiments from the social sciences. A total of 90 interviews were conducted, and 765 responses were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis program. The results indicated that all age groups exhibited the four types of scientific reasoning—abductive, inductive, deductive, and hypothetico-deductive—in varying frequencies and proportions. Additionally, the preoperational stage was found to persist until age 9, and the absence of clear indicators of the concrete operational stage suggests that it may begin around that age. Based on these results, recommendations are provided for the structuring of educational practices.Birçok ülke eğitim sistemlerini Jean Piaget tarafından geliştirilen bilişsel gelişim aşamalarına dayandırmıştır. Ancak Piaget, gelişimin kültürden etkilendiğini ve bilişsel gelişim yaş aralıklarının kültürler arasında farklılık gösterebileceğini de savunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, eğitim seviyelerini belirlemeden, eğitim materyallerini ve öğretmen eğitimi programlarını geliştirmeden önce bir ülkedeki çocukların gelişim aşamalarını bilmenin önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Aksi takdirde, o ülkenin eğitim sistemi olumsuz etkilenebilir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada 7-11 yaş arası çocukların bilimsel akıl yürütme ve bilişsel gelişim aşamalarına ilişkin özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 7-11 yaşları arasında her yaş grubunda alt, orta ve yüksek sosyo-ekonomik düzeylerde bulunan üçer öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 45 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve gözlem formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, sosyal bilimlerde hazırlanan iki düşünce deneyine bağlı sorulardan oluşmuştur. Toplam 90 görüşme yapılmış ve 765 yanıt nitel veri analizi programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, her yaş grubunun dört bilimsel akıl yürütme yöntemi (abdüktif, tümevarım, tümdengelim ve hipotetik-tümdengelim) özelliklerini değişen sayı ve oranlarda sergilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, çalışma grubunda işlem öncesi dönemin 9 yaşına kadar devam ettiği ve somut işlemler dönemi özelliklerinin gözlenmediği, somut işlemler döneminin 9 yaş civarında başladığı görülmüştür. Çalışma grubundaki öğrenciler 11 yaşına kadar halen orta ve düşük düzeyde somut işlemler dönemi özellikleri gösterdikleri için soyut işlemler dönemi özelliklerinin başladığı yaşa ilişkin bilgi sağlanamamıştır
Antioxidant components of ram seminal plasma are influenced by age, season, and the rsapolymorphism of the mtnr1agene
Get PDFMelatonin regulates reproductive seasonality in sheep, and its concentration in the blood plasma is influenced by day length and age. It can act directly or by modulating antioxidant defense enzymes. The RsaI polymorphism (g.17355458 C > T) of the melatonin receptor MT1 gene (MTNR1A) has been associated with changes in ram semen and reproductive behavior. But it remains unknown how age and this polymorphism affect melatonin concentration and the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in ram seminal plasma. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of the RsaI polymorphism on melatonin levels and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the seminal plasma of young and adult rams carrying different MTNR1A genotypes. For this purpose, seminal plasma was obtained from 15 young (16-month-old) and 9 adult (5-year-old) genotyped rams, and melatonin levels and CAT, GRD, and GPx activities were assessed for a year. Adult rams had higher melatonin concentrations in their seminal plasma than young rams. Adult CC and CT rams had the highest melatonin levels during the reproductive season, whereas young rams showed no differences between seasons. Adult rams also showed higher levels of GRD and GPx activity during the reproductive season; however, young rams showed higher levels of GPx activity during the non-reproductive season than during the reproductive season. These findings highlight the importance of considering the animal age when analyzing ram seminal plasma and its components.Spanish Government
Ministry of Science & Innovation, Spain (MICINN)
PID2020-113239RB-100Gobierno de Arago
A07_23
A comparison of the effect of three different comorbidity indices on overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Get PDFAims: It was aimed at measuring the comorbidities of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at the time of diagnosis with different comorbidity indices and evaluating their effects on disease prognosis.Methods: The comorbidities of the patients were retrospectively screened and calculated in three different comorbidity indices: the ACE-27 Comorbidity Index, the Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. C-statistic was used to evaluate the ability of comorbidity indices to discriminate mortality. The relationship between the calculated scores and overall survival (OS) was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier curve. Mortality risk was analyzed with a multivariate Cox regression model.Results: A total of 218 CML patients were evaluated, and 211 chronic-phase patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 56 years (21-89), and 53% were female. As initial tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 201 (95%) patients were treated with imatinib, 10 (5%) patients with nilotinib. The median follow-up was 94.50 (9-201) months. The median OS was not reached. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension 23% (n = 48), weight loss 19% (n = 40), diabetes mellitus 13% (n = 27), and cardiovascular disease 9% (n = 19). C-statistic values were 0.76 for ACE-27, 0.41 for ACCI, and 0.32 for ECI scores. In the Cox regression model including comorbidity scores, mortality risk was higher in patients with moderate ACE-27 score (HR: 148.05; 95% CI: 7.89-2751.53; p = 0.012), severe ACE-27 score (HR: 232.36; 95% CI: 14.20-4793.20; p = 0.001), ECOG 3 score (HR: 34.62; 95% CI: 2.67-447.36; p = 0.007), and high ELTS score (HR: 27.52; 95% CI: 1.34-543.68; p = 0.031).Conclusion: This study showed that the ACE-27 Comorbidity Index is effective in predicting prognosis in CML patients. Therefore, comorbid conditions should be used more frequently as a prognostic marker at the time of diagnosis
Which factors matter most in land consolidation block planning? An analytic hierarchy process approach to setting priorities.
No full textLand consolidation is a comprehensive and challenging process in which block boundaries integrate parcels within natural and infrastructural boundaries such as roads, irrigation systems, and drainage networks, acting as a core framework. Effective block design is of critical importance, as it affects the long-term usability and productivity of agricultural parcels. In this study, the criteria effective in block planning were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and an attempt was made to determine the priority order of the criteria. The criteria affecting block planning in the study were determined as land slope and topography, soil properties and fertility, climatic conditions, water resources and irrigation facilities, current ownership structure (shareholding), road planning and transportation, environmental and ecological factors, social and economic factors, plant species and agricultural activities, infrastructure and technological facilities, fixed facilities, parcel structure, and existence of projects made or to be made by the investor institutions or organizations. It was determined that the most important of these was the “existence of fixed facilities” criterion. Determining the priority order of the criteria used in block planning also provides the opportunity to use the obtained results in GIS
Rethinking the role of education in the digital age: Philosophical perspectives on technology in modern pedagogy
No full textThis article examines the changes taking place in education in accordance with the digital age, with specific emphasis on incorporating technology into contemporary pedagogy from a philosophical point of view. It discusses how technological changes influence educational decisions and also pose questions relating to conventional beliefs about acquisition of knowledge, pedagogy, and learner involvement. Technology's pedagogical promise to encourage adaptive learning and instructional strategies is stressed by philosophical views such as constructivism, critical pedagogy, and postmodernism. The purpose of this article is to provide teachers with an inclusive model for addressing complexities associated with digital union, while maintaining student-centred pedagogical practices in the twenty-first century
Effect of genetic mutations on outcomes of stem cell transplantation in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Get PDFPrimary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (p-HLH) can be cured with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). It remains unclear whether HSCT outcomes are affected by the presence of different genetic mutations. We used data obtained from children who underwent allo-HSCT for HLH to examine the effects of genetic mutations on HSCT outcomes. Data from 153 paediatric patients in 18 paediatric stem cell centres were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into four groups: 1) with PRF1 mutation (n = 46), 2) with UNC13D mutation (n = 38), 3) with STX11/STXBP2 mutation (n = 25) and 4) with Griscelli syndrome type 2/ Chediak-Higashi syndrome (GS2/CHS) diagnosis (n = 44). Statistical analysis showed no difference between the subgroups in terms of engraftment, VOD, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, TRM, OS and EFS rates. The most important factor affecting OS and EFS in all genetic subgroups was remission status before HSCT. The 5-year EFS values for children with mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11/STXBP2 and GS2/CHS were 71%, 66.6%, 74% and 66.7, respectively (log-rank >0.05). However, with prospective studies covering more patients, and creating different genetic subgroups by performing more detailed genetic analyses, special approaches for different genetic subgroups can be revealed in the future
Type 2 immunity and its role in allergic disorders
Get PDFThe prevalence of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, food and drug allergies, and atopic dermatitis, has been increasing globally over the past few decades. Allergic diseases are closely linked to type 2 immunity, which is characterized by the coordinated interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses. Significant advancements have been achieved in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern type 2 immunity, chiefly mediated by type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, which are primarily secreted by T helper 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. In addition, a diverse array of effector cells, including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, regulatory T cells, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, are critically involved in orchestrating and modulating type 2 inflammatory responses. The activation of epithelial cells, secretion of alarmins and multiple chemokines, impairment of epithelial barrier integrity, and disruption of microbial dysbiosis serve as crucial mechanisms underlying not only the pathogenesis of allergic disorders but also the development of various systemic conditions. Biologic therapies targeting type 2 pathways-specifically effector functions of IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and immunoglobulin E have-demonstrated promising efficacy. However, a subset of patients with severe allergic diseases remains unresponsive to these treatments, underscoring the need for deeper mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic approaches. This review addresses the definition, evolution, cellular and molecular basis, and regulation of type 2 immunity. It then examines the common allergic diseases associated with type 2 responses and concludes by exploring the associations between inborn errors of immunity and type 2 responses.Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provinc
Clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and survival predictors in adult acute myeloid leukemia: Interim results from the Turkish Society of Hematology AML registry
Get PDFBackground: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and biologically diverse hematologic cancer that disproportionately affects older individuals. Despite advances in molecular profiling and therapy, long-term outcomes remain unsatisfactory. This nationwide registry was established to provide real-world insights into clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival among adult AML patients in Turkey. Methods: The Turkish AML Registry Project (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05979675) combines retrospective and prospective data from 23 tertiary hematology centers. Adult patients diagnosed between January 2008 and July 2023 were included. Baseline demographics, European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 risk groups, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, treatment intensity, and targeted therapy use were analyzed. Response and survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: The interim dataset included 891 patients (median age 58 years, 45.5% >= 60). Intensive chemotherapy, most commonly 7 + 3, was applied in 74.1%, while 25.9% received lower-intensity regimens. Targeted agents, mainly venetoclax, were incorporated more frequently into low-intensity therapies (19.1% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001). Complete remission occurred in 70.2% after intensive and 35.9% after low-intensity therapy, improving to 51.4% with targeted agents. Median overall survival (OS) was 27.2 months, with 1-year OS rates of 54.1%, 28.9%, and 17.6% for favorable, intermediate, and adverse ELN groups (p < 0.001). ECOG 0-1 predicted superior survival (1-year OS 70.3% vs. 47.0%). Conclusions: Nationwide real-world evidence underscores the prognostic relevance of ELN risk and functional status in AML. While intensive chemotherapy remains central, combining targeted agents with low-intensity regimens improves outcomes in less fit patients and supports personalized treatment approaches
In-hospital mortality among hematological malignancy patients undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Focusing on coinfections and nodules on chest CT
Get PDFIntroductionInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in hematological malignancy populations has high mortality rates. While there are identified prognostic factors for mortality, conflicting results are reported from the studies including bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan (GM) measurements and co-infections. We aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in a hematological malignancy population undergoing bronchoscopy with a preliminary diagnosis of IPA in a single tertiary care center.MethodPatients undergoing bronchoscopy with a preliminary diagnosis of IPA were included in this retrospective study. Bacterial co-infection was defined as a positive bacterial culture in respiratory samples within +/- 7 days of the index bronchoscopy procedure.ResultsStudy population consisted 305 patients diagnosed as possible, probable or proven IPA. 57 patients presented with fungal and bacterial co-infection. In-hospital mortality was observed in 98 (33.6%) patients. Patients with mortality status were older and were not in remission for hematological malignancy. Serum GM, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) GM and bronchial lavage (BL) GM levels showed a significant relation with in-hospital mortality but weak accuracy. In multivariate analysis for risk factors of in-hospital mortality; age, remission status, number of nodules in HRCT and having fungal infections with or without combined bacterial infection were independent risk factors.ConclusionCo-infections in this susceptible population should not be overlooked even in the presence of fungal infection evidence. BAL and BL GM tended to have a stronger relation with survival than serum GM measurements taken at the same time. The number of nodules in radiological assessment might be an indicator of mortality. Radiological changes through the disease course might be assessed in further studies