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Evaluation of the effects of anesthetics and surgery on sleep quality in patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation surgery: A prospective randomised clinical trial
Get PDFIntroduction The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the anesthesia methods and surgical procedure on the sleep patterns and sleep quality of patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation, using the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale-20 (PIRS-20). Methods A total of 40 patients, American Society of Anesthesiology I-III, aged 18 and over who underwent elective spinal posterior instrumentation were included. The patients were divided into two groups randomly-those with sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia and those with total intravenous anesthesia-using the closed envelope method. Patients were evaluated before and after surgery for sleep quality using the PIRS-20 one month before surgery and on the 7(th) day postoperatively, for pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) recorded one night before surgery and the first hour postoperatively, and for anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) recorded one night before surgery and on the 7(th) day postoperatively. Results When pre-operative and postoperative PIRS-20, VAS, and STAI scores were compared, no significant difference was observed between group T and group S (p>0.05). The VAS values in group S and group T decreased significantly over time (group S: p<0.001; group T: p=0.001, respectively). The STAI scores decreased significantly over time (p=0.001). The PIRS-20 values remained unchanged in groups S and T (p=0.132, p=0.828, respectively). Conclusion The results of the study showed that while the type of anesthesia did not affect the quality of sleep in the group of patients receiving posterior instrumentation, the surgical procedure did influence pain reduction in both anesthesia methods
Retrospective evaluation of clınical findings of children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Get PDFHipertrofik kardiyomiyopati (HKMP), gençlerde ani kardiyak ölümün (AKÖ) veya aborte kardiyak arrestin (AKA) başlıca nedenlerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. HKMP, çocukluk çağı kardiyomiyopatilerinin %42'sini oluşturan nispeten yaygın bir genetik kalp hastalığıdır. Bu hastalar, büyük ölçüde sol ventrikül çıkış yolu tıkanıklığının (LVOTO) şiddetinden bağımsız olan diyastolik disfonksiyon nedeniyle semptomatik olurlar. Bu çalışmada HKMP tanılı hastaların tanı yaşı, takip süresi, semptomatik veya asemptomatik seyri, kapak yetersizliği derecesi, ilaç kullanımı, fizik muayene bulguları, 12 derivasyonlu elektrokardiyografi (EKG) ve 24 saatlik ritim Holter anormallikleri, kardiyak manyetik rezonans (KMR) bulguları, ailede HKMP öyküsü varlığı, ailede ani ölüm öyküsü incelenmiştir. Eylül 2000- Eylül 2024 arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Kardiyoloji Polikliniğine başvuran HKMP tanılı hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmaya toplam 50 hasta dahil edildi. Kalpte hipertrofiye neden olabilen doğuştan kalp hastalığı olan çocuklar ve ek olarak restriktif kardiyomiyopatisi olan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Ekokardiyografi (EKO) ile interventriküler septum diyastolik kalınlığı (IVSd), sol ventrikül arka duvar diyastolik kalınlığı (LVPWd), sol ventrikül ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (LVEF), sol ventrikül diyastol sonu çapı (LVDd), sol ventrikül sistol sonu çapı (LVDs), sol ventrikül çıkış yolu (LVOT) gradiyenti, sol ventrikül çıkış yolu darlığı (LVOTO), mitral kapağın sistolik anterior hareketi (SAM), mitral yetmezlik (MY) incelendi. Sonuç olarak, çocuklarda HKMP’nin etiyolojisi ve klinik seyri çeşitlidir ve bu da geniş bir klinik ve fenotipik ifade yelpazesine neden olur. Ailede HKMP tanısı olması halinde çocuklara rutin tarama erken tanıda önemini korumaya devam etmektedir.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or abortive cardiac arrest (ACA) in the young. HCM is a relatively common genetic heart disease, accounting for 42% of childhood cardiomyopathies. These patients become symptomatic due to diastolic dysfunction, which is largely independent of the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). In this study, the age at diagnosis, follow-up period, symptomatic or asymptomatic course, degree of valve regurgitation, medication use, physical examination findings, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-Hour rhythm Holter abnormalities, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings, presence of a family history of HCM, and family history of sudden death were examined in patients with HCM. The electronic files of patients with HCM who applied to the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic of Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine between September 2000 and September 2024 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 50 patients were included in this study. Children with congenital heart disease that can cause cardiac hypertrophy and patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy were excluded from the study. Interventricular septum diastolic thickness (IVSd), left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness (LVPWd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVIDs), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM), and mitral regurgitation (MR) were examined by echocardiography (ECHO). In conclusion, the etiology and clinical course of HCM in children are diverse, resulting in a wide range of clinical and phenotypic expressions. Routine screening of children with a family history of HCM continues to maintain its importance in early diagnosis
Female-male equivalence in 16th-century Ottoman Hanafism: The example of the distribution of rights and duties in marriage
Get PDF16. yüzyıl Osmanlı Hanefîliği bağlamında kadın ve erkek ilişkisinin nasıl düzenlediği ve bu düzenlemenin evlilik kurumundaki hak ve görev dağılımına nasıl yansıdığını teorik ve pratik boyutlarıyla ele alan çalışmamızın amacı, İslâm hukukunun aile yapısındaki cinsiyet rollerini belirleyiş biçimini anlamaktır. Bu bağlamda kadınerkek eşdeğerliliği, rol dağılımı ve aile içi sorumluluklar, İslâm hukukunun dağıtıcı adalet prensibini içeren eşdeğerlilik anlayışı çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda klasik Hanefî kaynakları, 16. yüzyıla ait fetvalar ve kadı sicilleri temel alınarak, normatif ilkeler ile tarihsel pratik arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmiştir. Giriş ve sonuç bölümleri dışında üç ana bölümden oluşan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde kadın-erkek eşdeğerliliği kavramı incelenirken, ikinci bölümde 16. yüzyıl Osmanlı Hanefîliği bağlamında nikâhın kuruluşu, devamı ve sona ermesi süreçlerindeki hak ve görev paylaşımı değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise bu hak ve görevler eşdeğerlilik ilkesi açısından analiz edilerek, teorik ilkelerin pratikte ne ölçüde korunduğu sorgulanmıştır.This study examines how Islamic law regulated the relationship between men and women within the context of 16th-century Ottoman Hanafi practice, and how this regulation was reflected in the distribution of rights and duties within the institution of marriage, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The aim of the study is to reveal how Islamic law defined gender roles within the family structure and how these definitions were manifested in Ottoman applications. Within this framework, gender equivalence between men and women, role allocation, and familial responsibilities are evaluated through the distributive justice principle inherent in Islamic law’s understanding of equivalence. To this end, classical Hanafi sources, 16th-century fatwas, and kadı court registers are utilized to analyze the relationship between normative principles and historical practice. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the study consists of three main chapters: the first chapter examines the concept of gender equivalence between men and women; the second evaluates the rights and duties of spouses during the formation, continuation, and termination of marriage in the 16th-century Ottoman Hanafi context; and the third chapter analyzes these rights and duties in light of the principle of equivalence, questioning the extent to which theoretical principles were upheld in practice
Examining music education students' attitudes toward music software across different variables
No full textThe integration of technology into music education has significantly influenced both teaching and learning processes. This study examines the attitudes of undergraduate music education students toward music software and explores whether these attitudes vary based on gender, year of study, GPA, and principal instrument. The research employs an associational research design, utilizing the Attitude Scale Toward Music Software as the primary data collection tool. The study sample consists of 37 students enrolled in the Music Education Program at Bursa Uludag University. Data were collected via an online survey, and statistical analyses, including t-tests, Pearson correlation, and ANOVA, were conducted. Findings indicate that students generally hold a positive attitude toward music software, with no significant differences observed across gender, year of study, or principal instrument. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between GPA and attitudes toward music software. These results suggest that while students are receptive to integrating music software into their education, further research is needed to explore potential influencing factors. The study contributes to discussions on incorporating technology into music education curricula and highlights the need for further investigations into students' technology adoption in music learning environments
Practitioner inquiry on monkeypox virus and AI through Content and Language-Integrated Learning (CLIL) in higher education
No full textThis study explores the integration of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) into higher education across disciplines in Türkiye and Albania to enhance students' content knowledge and English language skills. In the first phase, face-to-face interviews and classroom observations were conducted with undergraduate nursing, veterinary medicine, mechanical, and industrial engineering students at a state university in Türkiye (n=80),focusing on learning and sharing accurate information. This study was then replicated in Albania with undergraduate stomatology and nursing students (n=70) and first-year economic informatics students at a state university (n=30). Findings revealed increased motivation, improved discipline-specific knowledge, and enhanced English proficiency among students in both contexts. The results highlight the effectiveness of CLIL in promoting interdisciplinary learning, fostering critical thinking, and preparing students to address global challenges. This approach shows strong potential for adaptation across diverse educational contexts
Optimal design of automobile seat components using chaotic enzyme action optimization algorithm
Get PDFAn enhanced version of the recently released enzyme action optimizer (EAO), the chaotic enzyme action optimizer (CEAO), is presented in this paper. It was created to solve challenging constrained engineering optimization problems. The algorithm improves exploration-exploitation balance, convergence speed, and robustness by incorporating chaotic maps like sine, cosine, and logistic functions. Five real-world mechanical design problems were used to thoroughly validate CEAO's performance. CEAO outperformed POA and PKO in rolling element bearing design, achieving the best objective value. It confirmed accuracy and stability by minimizing the weight for Belleville spring optimization, with an exceptionally low standard deviation. CEAO outperformed other competing algorithms in the multiple disc clutch brake problem, yielding the lowest fitness value. It outperformed nine cutting-edge metaheuristics and produced the best result in the cost minimization of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Lastly, CEAO outperformed manual and algorithmic counterparts for an automotive bracket design by reducing component weight under a maximum stress constraint. The superiority of CEAO in terms of convergence, stability, and solution quality was confirmed. These results show that CEAO is a robust and highly competitive metaheuristic for resolving optimization problems at the industrial scale
Nanomaterial-based sensing systems to detect neuropharmaceutical compounds and neurotransmitters
Get PDFThis review explores the application of nanomaterial-based sensing systems for precisely detecting neuropharmaceutical compounds and neurotransmitters, delving into the connections between nanotechnology and neuropharmacology. Nanotechnology appears as a promising solution for many significant challenges posed by the complexities of the brain's biochemical nature. Using nanoscale materials, scientists have created novel sensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, and adaptability. Developing neuropharmaceutical compounds and monitoring their side effects on our neurological system raised the need for these nanomaterial-based sensors. In this review, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these technologies in real-time neuroactive compound detection and monitoring by illuminating the underlying principles through an examination of significant studies and recent developments. This review also highlights collaborative efforts at the intersection of nanotechnology and neuropharmacology and their direct and indirect effects on the understanding and controlling several neurological disorders. This review covers both sensors under research and those already applied in vivo or clinical monitoring of drug side effects.National Science Foundation (NSF)
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DHEA-carbamate derivatives as dual cholinesterase inhibitors: Integration of enzymatic and biomolecular interactions in Alzheimer's disease
No full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and cholinergic dysfunction. Given the limitations of current acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, novel multi-target drug candidates are urgently needed. In this study, a series of DHEAcarbamate derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized to integrate cholinesterase inhibition with potential neuroprotective and pharmacokinetic advantages. The synthesized compounds were characterized via NMR and HRMS, and their inhibitory activities were determined by Ellman's method. While native DHEA displayed negligible cholinesterase inhibition (IC50 > 75 mu M), carbamate derivatization significantly enhanced potency. D1 exhibited the highest AChE selectivity (IC50 = 0.09 mu M, SI = 424), D8 showed the strongest BuChE inhibition (IC50 = 0.1 mu M), and D9 emerged as a dual-action inhibitor (AChE IC50 = 0.15 mu M; BuChE IC50 = 0.7 mu M). Molecular docking supported the observed in vitro activities, particularly the binding affinity of D1 toward AChE (-9.2 kcal/mol). Beyond enzyme inhibition, the most potent compounds (D1, D8, D9) were evaluated for their ability to mitigate H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in HT-22 neuronal cells. D9 exhibited the strongest protective effect, restoring cell viability up to 78 %. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of D9 were confirmed through DPPH scavenging and ferrous chelation assays, where it again demonstrated superior activity. DNA and HSA interaction studies revealed favorable binding properties, suggesting genomic stability and prolonged systemic availability. ADMET predictions indicated desirable pharmacokinetic profiles, including blood-brain barrier permeability. These results highlight the therapeutic relevance of hybrid steroid-carbamate scaffolds that combine cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant capacity, and cellular neuroprotection, offering a promising strategy for nextgeneration AD drug development
Monetary policy and credit channel in Turkish economy
Get PDFBu tez, parasal aktarım mekanizmasının kredi kanalı aracılığıyla makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Parasal aktarım mekanizması, merkez bankalarının para politikası uygulamalarının ekonomi genelinde nasıl iletildiğini açıklarken, özellikle faiz oranları, kredi arzı ve likidite koşulları gibi unsurların işlevini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kredi kanalı, faiz oranlarındaki değişimlerin bankacılık sistemi aracılığıyla kredi arzı üzerinde nasıl bir etki yarattığını ve bunun enflasyon oranı, toplam krediler ve kişi başına reel GSYH gibi temel makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki yansımalarını analiz etmektedir. Özellikle faiz oranlarının artması, bankaların kredi verme kapasitesini daraltarak özel sektör yatırımlarını ve tüketim düzeyini sınırlandırmakta; buna karşılık faiz oranlarının düşmesi ise kredi hacmini genişleterek ekonomik aktiviteyi canlandırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kredi kanalı, para politikasının toplam talep üzerindeki etkisini derinleştiren temel aktarım mekanizmalarından biri olarak işlev görmektedir. Bu çerçevede, para politikası kararlarının enflasyon, kredi hacmi, büyüme oranı ve gelir dağılımı gibi göstergeler üzerindeki etkilerinin analizi, kredi kanalı üzerinden değerlendirilmekte; böylece para politikasının makroekonomik denge üzerindeki belirleyici rolü somut biçimde ortaya konulmaktadır.This thesis investigates the effects of the monetary transmission mechanism on key macroeconomic indicators through the credit channel. The monetary transmission mechanism explains how central banks’ monetary policy actions are transmitted throughout the economy, emphasizing the role of factors such as interest rates, credit supply, and liquidity conditions. In this context, the credit channel focuses on how changes in interest rates influence banks’ lending capacity and how this, in turn, affects core macroeconomic indicators such as the inflation rate and total credit volume, real GDP per capita. In particular, an increase in interest rates tends to constrain banks' ability to extend credit, thereby suppressing private sector investment and consumption expenditures; conversely, a decrease in interest rates expands credit supply and stimulates economic activity. Accordingly, the credit channel serves as a key mechanism that amplifies the effects of monetary policy on aggregate demand. Within this framework, the impact of monetary policy decisions on inflation, credit growth, economic output, and income distribution is analyzed through the lens of the credit channel, thereby revealing the central role of monetary policy in shaping macroeconomic equilibrium
From Homeric Psychē to Platonic dualism: The origins of the modern subject through Nietzsche’s mirror
Get PDFAntik Çağ Yunan dünyasındaki ruh anlayışının Homeros’tan başlayıp Platon ve sonrasına kadar uzanan süreçte geçirdiği evreler felsefe tarihinin klasik meselelerinden biridir. Pek çok çalışma Platon’la birlikte Antik Çağ Yunan ruh anlayışında köklü bir dönüşüm yaşandığını ve bu dönüşümün etkilerinin Platon sonrası ortaya çıkan neredeyse bütün felsefe sistemlerini derinden etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda makalemizin amacı Homerik dünya görüşü ve Platoncu felsefenin karşıtlığını, Nietzsche’nin gözünden incelemek olacaktır. Bunu başarmak için ilk olarak Dodds-Snell tezi üzerinden Homeros’un İlayda epik şiirindeki ruh anlayışı incelenecektir. Dodds (1951) ve Snell (1953) Homeros’ta karşımıza çıkan ruh anlayışı üzerine yaptıkları çalışmalarda, psukhē’nin “canlı olmak” anlamına geldiğini göstermişler ve Platoncu psikolojideki anlamının aksine ruhu veya ruhun bir parçasını ne salt bilişsel ne de salt duyumsal olarak tanımlayan bir kavram bulunmadığını ortaya koymuşlardır. Daha sonra, Homerik dünyadan Platoncu düalizme geçişi anlamak için, Homeros ile Platon’un ruh anlayışındaki farklılıklar temel alınarak incelenecektir. Bulgularımız Homeros’ta psişik bir bütünlükten ve ruh-beden ayrımından bahsedemeyeceğimizi, Platon’un ise ruh-beden arasında ontolojik bir ayrım yaptığını ve ruhu kişi ile özdeşleştirdiğini göstermiştir. Tüm bunlardan hareketle, Nietzsche’nin Homerik ruh anlayışı ve Yunanlıların trajik çağında beden algısı üzerinden, Sokratesçi felsefe ve Platoncu psikolojiye yönelik eleştirilerinin geçerliliği sorgulanacaktır. Zira Nietzsche, Platon’un bedeni hor görmek suretiyle ruhu yücelterek trajik çağın kültürünün decadence’a, felsefenin ise adım adım nihilizme sürüklenmesine sebep olduğunu iddia etmektedir.: The conception of the soul in the ancient Greek world, from Homer to Plato and beyond, is a classic problem in the history of philosophy. Numerous studies have documented the radical transformation of the ancient Greek understanding of the soul, a shift that profoundly influenced nearly all philosophical systems that emerged after Plato. In this context, this paper seeks to offer a comparative analysis of the Homeric worldview and Platonic philosophy through the lens of Nietzsche. To this end, the fundamental characteristics of the soul as depicted in Homer’s Iliad will first be examined in light of the Dodds-Snell thesis. The works of Dodds (1951) and Snell (1953) on Homeric theories of the soul demonstrate that, in Homer, psychē is primarily associated with the notion of being alive. Unlike Plato’s psychology, neither psychē nor other quasi-psychological terms in Homer had been used to refer to the soul carry purely cognitive or emotional connotations. Next this paper analyzes the transformation of the conception of the soul by comparing Homer’s and Plato’s perspectives. The findings reveal that Homer’s worldview lacks an awareness of a unified psychic whole or a soul-self identity whereas Plato qualitatively separates the soul from the body and identifies the self with the soul. Finally, Nietzsche’s critique of Socratic philosophy and Platonic psychology is explored in connection with his Homeric conception of the soul and his understanding of the body during the tragic age of the Greeks. Nietzsche argues that Plato’s denigration of the body and elevation of the soul contributed to the decline of the culture of the tragic age and led philosophy toward nihilism and decadence