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Operating room and surgical team members scheduling: A comprehensive review
No full textOperating rooms (OR) are one of the most expensive parts of a hospital with complex processes,
and the efficient use of resources is of utmost importance. Therefore, proper management and
operation of operating rooms are extremely crucial. OR scheduling ensures that the surgeries
are performed at the proper time, patients are treated effectively and safely, resources are used
effectively, and staff is increased in work efficiency. Furthermore, accurately scheduled surgeries are safer for patients' healing processes. This is dependent on factors such as the availability
of qualified personnel at the appropriate time, the readiness of surgical equipment, and the provision of proper sterilization and hygienic conditions. Surgical team scheduling ensures that
surgeries begin on time, are completed effectively, and patients are treated safely. It is also critical to reduce employee fatigue and balance the workload. As a result, integrating surgical teams
into operating room scheduling problems provides significant benefits. Accordingly, 29 research
articles focusing on the problem of OR scheduling, within the scope of constraints on surgical
team members, scheduling strategies, uncertainties, and solution methods, are thoroughly reviewed in this study.No sponso
Hotel laundry optimization
No full textAntalya, one of the most important cities in tourism, boasts numerous hotels. One of the significant challenges faced by group hotels with all-inclusive concepts among these establishments is the process of washing dirty laundry resulting from hotel operations.
This project is being conducted in a group company that owns hotels in various regions of Antalya. Initially, one hotel was selected as a pilot hotel, and later, other hotels will be included in the process. The aim of this project is to decide whether the laundry washing operation should be carried out within the facility or through outsourcing for more efficient execution.
The laundry of the selected facility is located on-site and is used to wash towels, blankets, and uniforms. Meanwhile, sheets, bed linens, tablecloths, napkins, and pillowcases are washed through external service procurement. There are essentially two stages in this project:
Determination of the Current Situation:
Identification of existing capacity
Staff numbers
Laundry area size
Costs
Analysis of the Possibility of Conducting Outsourced Services Within the Facility:
Determination of necessary capacity (machinery, equipment, personnel, etc.)
Shift work
Required laundry area size
In the first stage, existing equipment, staff numbers, and laundry area size were identified. The operational status of machines was analyzed, and business and time studies were conducted on processes. Additionally, costs such as electricity, water, machine breakdowns, etc., for the washing operation were determined.
In the second stage, research will be conducted to determine the necessary resources if the processes conducted through outsourcing are to be performed within the facility. A decision will be made on which option is more advantageous.
Upon the completion of this study in the selected hotel, the establishment of a shared laundry for other hotels will be considered as an additional scenario. This scenario will also require solving logistical network problems.
The goal is to enhance the efficiency of laundry operations through a comprehensive assessment of the existing equipment, workforce, and operational processes. This involves studying the current capacity, researching prices for potential additional machines, analyzing the existing costs associated with laundry operations, and employing business and time study techniques to optimize workflow and resource utilization.No sponso
Fakülte seviyesinde üniversite ders çizelgeleme problemi için bir tavlama benzetimi algoritması
No full textIn this study, faculty-level university course timetabling problem with double major and minor program constraints where classrooms are shared with several faculties is taken into account. This is the first study considering all these constraints together. A goal programming model is proposed to solve the considered problem. Since it is not possible to find a feasible solution for large-size problems with the proposed model in a time limit, a simulated annealing algorithm is developed. The performance of the proposed solution methods is tested by using randomly generated test problems. In addition, a case study is performed at the engineering faculty of a private university. Computational results show the success of the proposed simulated annealing algorithm to solve large-sized problems. An 83% improvement was achieved with the proposed algorithm for the real-life problem.Bu çalışmada, dersliklerin fakülteler arasında paylaşıldığı, çift anadal
ve yan dal kısıtlarının olduğu fakülte seviyesinde üniversite ders
çizelgeleme problemi ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, tüm bu kısıtları bir
arada ele alan ilk çalışmadır. Ele alınan problemi çözmek için bir hedef
programlama modeli önerilmiştir. Önerilen model ile büyük boyutlu
problemler için süre limiti içinde uygun çözüm bulmak mümkün
olmadığından, bir tavlama benzetimi algoritması geliştirilmiştir.
Önerilen çözüm yöntemlerinin performansı rassal türetilmiş test
problemleri kullanılarak sınanmıştır. Ayrıca özel bir üniversitenin
mühendislik fakültesinde vaka çalışması yapılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar,
önerilen tavlama benzetimi algoritmasının büyük boyutlu problemleri
çözmedeki başarısını ortaya koymuştur. Gerçek hayat problemi için
önerilen algoritma ile %83 oranında iyileşme sağlanmıştırNo sponso
Progesterone may be a regulator and B12 could be an indicator of the proximal D4Z4 repeat methylation status on 4q35ter
No full textFacioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) has a hypomethylation-related epigenetic background and exhibits a different course in male and female patients. The differences between males and females have been linked to the levels of sex hormones. This study is the first to investigate the possible effect of these hormones on methylation status. We hypothesized that the levels of sex-related hormones, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin might be associated with the methylation status of the proximal part of the D4Z4. We also investigated the effect of fT3, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels. We collected blood from 28 FSHD patients and 28 controls. DNA was extracted from each individual for bisulfite methylation analysis and serum was separated for biochemical analysis of estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, fT3, folic acid, and B12 analysis. Methylation analysis was specified to the DR1, 5P regions and the proximal region covering both DR1 and 5P. Methylation levels were compared between FSHD patients and controls. The correlation of methylation levels with estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, fT3, folic acid, and B12 was investigated. We found that the 5P region and the proximal region were significantly hypomethylated in FSHD patients compared to the controls, but not the DR1 region. Male patients exhibited a significant reduction in DNA methylation compared to male controls. Older FSHD patients exhibited a notable decrease in fT3 levels and hypomethylation of the 5P region. Analyses of each CpG revealed seven hypomethylated positions that were significantly different from the control group. Two of the positions demonstrated a correlation with progesterone in the control group. With the exception of one position, the methylation levels were inversely correlated with vitamin B12 in FSHD patients. The results of our study indicate that the methylation of the proximal D4Z4 region, particularly at specific positions, may be associated with progesterone. In addition, vitamin B12 may be an indicator of hypomethylation. We suggest that examining position-specific methylations may be a useful approach for the development of epigenetic treatment modalities.This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Free boundary value problems for abstract elliptic equations and applications
No full textFree boundary value problem for abstract elliptic equations with variable coefficients is studied. The equations involve linear operators in Banach space E. The uniform maximal regularity properties and Fredholmness of this problem are obtained in E-valued Wo center dot lder spaces. It is proven that the corresponding differential operator is positive and is a generator of an analytic semigroup. In application, the maximal regularity properties of Cauchy problem for abstract parabolic equation and anisotropic elliptic equations are established.No sponso
Simülasyon modeli ile deprem senaryosu oluşturulması ve Aksaray ili triyaj tahmin analizi
No full textDepremler, canlı yaşamını ciddi şekilde etkileyebilen doğal felaketlerdir. Zemin özelliklerine bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermekle birlikte, bazı durumlarda deprem şiddeti nedeniyle önemli can ve mal kayıpları meydana gelebilir. Literatürdeki çalışmalara bakıldığında depremleri önceden belirlemek mümkün olmamaktadır. Fakat, afet yöntemi çalışmalarının doğru planlanması ile maddi hasarlar ve sosyo-ekonomik kayıplar en aza indirgenebilir. Afet yönetimi kapsamında risk yönetimi ve kriz yönetimini iyi bir şekilde planlamak toplumun olumsuz yönde etkilenmesini azaltarak kaynakların doğru kullanılması hedefini gözeten bir yaklaşımdır. Bu noktada en büyük görev bölge yöneticilerine düşmektedir. Ülkemizde afetlerden kaynaklanan can ve mal kayıplarında önemli bir rol oynayan depremlere yönelik afet yönetimi çalışmalarında, olası depremler için senaryolar geliştirilmektedir. Bunun için, stokastik temellere dayanan ve kurgusal yapıya sahip iki ana yaklaşım kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’nin artan nüfus ve sanayi potansiyeline sahip Aksaray ilinin merkez ilçesindeki 11 mahalle için deprem senaryosu üretilmiştir. Senaryonun üretilebilmesi için stokastik temelleri olan kurgusal yöntem kullanılarak ARENA simülasyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca modelden elde edilen verilerle üretilen senaryonun sonuçları kullanılarak Aksaray ili için ilk defa detaylı bir triyaj tahmin analizi yapılmıştır. Simülasyon modeli oluşturulurken ilgili mahallelerin zemin profil bilgisi, bina kat sayıları ve mahallelerin nüfus sayıları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilerek olası hasar ve kayıp tahmini yapılmıştır. Simülasyon tabanlı deprem senaryosundan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yapılan triyaj analizi, 5,1 Mw büyüklüğündeki olası bir depremde can kaybı sayısının (T4) 0 iken, 6,5 Mw büyüklüğündeki olası bir depremde 705 olacağını ve nüfusun yaklaşık %0,70'inin depremden etkilendiğini göstermektedir.Earthquakes are natural disasters that can severely impact living conditions. While their effects may vary depending on the characteristics of the ground, in some cases, significant loss of life and property damage can occur due to the intensity of the earthquake. According to studies in the literature, it is not possible to predict earthquakes in advance. Proper planning of disaster management strategies can minimize material damage and socio-economic losses. Effective risk and crisis management planning aims to reduce societal impact while ensuring efficient resource use. The primary responsibility lies with regional managers, who develop
earthquake scenarios to manage the significant loss of life and property caused by earthquakes. To achieve this, two main approaches based on stochastic foundations and fictional structures are used. In this study, an earthquake scenario has been developed for the 11 neighborhoods in the central district of Aksaray, a province with increasing population and
industrial potential in Turkey. A stochastic-based fictional method was used to create an ARENA simulation model for generating the earthquake scenario. Using the model's data, a detailed triage prediction analysis was conducted for Aksaray province for the first time. The model considered factors such as ground profiles, building heights, and population numbers
to estimate potential damage. The results showed that in a 5.1 Mw earthquake, there would be no casualties (T4), while a 6.5 Mw earthquake would result in 705 casualties, affecting approximately 0.70% of the population.No sponso
Energy and exergy analyses of an advanced combined cycle fired by natural gas and biomass
No full textA modified combined cycle with an intercooler and a reheater (CCIR) within the gas-turbine system is proposed and evaluated. The fuel for the combustion chamber is natural gas, and the fuel for the reheater is provided by gasified biomass. Adding an intercooler between two compressors and a preheater for the compressed air before entering the combustion chamber increases the efficiency of the overall system. A further increase in efficiency was achieved through the utilization of the heat of the exiting hot gases in a Rankine cycle. The system has a fixed power output of 10 MW. The system's improvements resulted in 56.3% of the overall energy efficiency and 50.7% of the exergy efficiency. Natural gas and biomass flow rates are 0.139 kg/s and 0.776 kg/s, respectively.No sponso
Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway of chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis
No full textOsteoartrit (OA), eklem kıkırdağının ilerleyici bozulmasıyla belirginleşen yaygın, kronik dejeneratif bir eklem hastalığıdır. Kıkırdak hasar gördüğünde, tehlikeye giren hücre dışı matrisin onarımını kolaylaştırmak için yeni sentezlenen proteinler salgılanır. Ancak, bu süreç kıkırdağın iç dengesini bozarak kondrosit apoptozuna yol açar. Eklem kıkırdağındaki ana hücresel eleman olan kondrositler, kıkırdak metabolizması için hayati öneme sahiptir. Apoptozis yoluyla kondrosit kaybı, kondrositopeni olarak adlandırılır, bu da OA'nın temel patolojik özelliğidir.
Endoplazmik retikulum (ER), protein sentezi, katlanması, modifikasyonu ve bozunması dahil olmak üzere protein homeostazında hayati bir rol oynayan bir organeldir. Patolojik koşullar altında, Endoplazmik retikulum stresi (ERS), ER lümeninde katlanmamış veya yanlış katlanmış proteinlerin birikmesiyle indüklenir. Sonuç olarak, ERS indüklendiğinde, katlanmamış protein tepkisi (KPT) sensörleri adaptif bir tepki görevi görür veya stres şiddetli olduğunda hücrelerde apoptoza neden olabilir. Uzun süreli ve şiddetli ERS'ye yanıt olarak, UPR hücre ölümüne yol açan apoptotik yolları tetikler. Proapoptotik bir transkripsiyon faktörü olan C/EBP-homolog protein (Chop), ERS aracılı apoptozda aktive edilir.
Kıkırdağın avasküler yapısı ve sınırlı rejeneratif kapasitesi nedeniyle, yaralanmadan sonra onarım önemli zorluklar ortaya çıkarır. Hipoksi, besin eksikliği, oksidatif stres ve kolajen mutasyonları gibi çeşitli hücresel stres faktörleri, ER yanlış katlanmış proteinlerin birikmesine yol açarak ERS neden olabilir. ER homeostazını ve hücresel canlılığı ve işlevi geri kazandırmaya yanıt olarak, KPT ve ERAD dahil olmak üzere bir dizi adaptif mekanizma tetiklenir. Hafif ERS hücreler üzerinde koruyucu bir etki uygularken, ER'nin kendi düzenleyici dengesini bozan uzun süreli veya şiddetli ERS, hücrelerin adaptif kapasitesini aşabilir ve kondrosit hasarına ve OA ilerlemesine katkıda bulunan temel patojenik faktörler olan apoptoza yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, ERS sinyal yolunu ve apoptotik faktörlerini kontrol etmek OA'yı önlemek ve tedavi etmek için kritik bir odak noktası haline gelmiştir.
Özetle bu çalışma, OA kondrositlerde ERS yoluyla indüklenen apoptozun, ilişkili hedeflerin ve düzenleyici yolların temel mekanizmalarını açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.No sponso
Dialectics of Architectural Heritage in Palestine
No full textArchitecture is considered one of the greatest products of man through
history. It is the most important witness to the lives of people with all their
political, religious, economic, and cultural sides. It gains its importance of
being the strongest link with the heritage of predecessors. All societies work
hard to protect their architectural heritage and keep it safe and maintained.
The holy Palestine is well known with its distinguished architectural heritage
that is very rich and diversified. This architectural heritage gains added value
because of the religious monuments of sacred churches, mosques, and
schools. Architectural heritage represents the past peacefully settled in its
stones and ornaments. Architectural heritage in Palestine is a dialectic
complexity mixing past and present, death and life, sadness and happiness,
and peace and war. The Palestinian architectural heritage can only be
understood through these dialectic relationships that shaped the Palestinian
existence on the land of Palestine. It has been refusing and resisting all the
attempts of aggressive wars and invasions to destroy this existence. It
always has represented an important weapon for Palestinian existence
always resurrected from death and destruction.
Only with the Israeli occupation since 1948 the architectural heritage
of Palestine witnessed systematic destruction. This occupation destroyed,
changed the functions, and changed the names of the many historical
buildings of Palestine and all their Arabic and Islamic symbols. The
architectural heritage in Gaza city has been the victim of this aggression
since the start of this century with continuing military attacks. Many
Palestinian, Arab, and international organizations have worked very hard to
save what has remained despite the financial, technical, and security
difficulties. IWAN Centre for Architectural Heritage at the Islamic
University of Gaza with the help of the International Committee of the Red
Cross and Prince Claus Fund managed to conserve several buildings. Some
of these buildings continued to serve their original functions like Al Samra
Turkish Hammam and Al Omari Mosque in Jabalia. Other buildings were
adapted to new functions like Al Alami house which has been reused as a
cultural center. At the same time, the instructors, and students at the
departments of architectural engineering and civil engineering at the Islamic
7
University of Gaza contributed to the conservation activities practically on
site and by several studies and research. All these efforts went in vain with
the unprecedented destructive Israeli war started on Gaza in October 2023
that threw against the wall all international principles and ethics. Most if not
all historical buildings have been destroyed including the Grand Omari
Mosque which is considered in this book. The Islamic University of Gaza
and its IWAN center for architectural heritage have also been savagely
destroyed. The destruction of architectural heritage in Gaza was employed
as a barbaric tool for the uprooting of the Palestinian existence from Gaza.
This book is a collection of 4 chapters written on architectural heritage
of Palestine. The first chapter discusses the dialectics of architectural
heritage in Al Khalil district with a phenomenological approach for place
attachment. It emphasizes the dialectic relationships in Palestinian
architectural heritage that inseparably attach the Palestinians with their land.
Chapters 2 to 4 deal with issues of architectural heritage in Gaza.
Chapters 1 to 3 introduce new concepts that never appeared before to
the study, analysis, and management of architectural heritage. They open the
door wide for future development and applications on architectural heritage
in Palestine and worldwide.
Despite the pain of losing completely or partially the historical
buildings mentioned in these articles in this war, the articles remind with this
heritage that will never die.
The book is an attempt on the road of resurrection of the Palestinian
Phoenix (Anka). Through the mountains of rubble and the smokes of death,
the Palestinian heritage will be resurrected.No sponso
Küme yolu kaplama yöntemi uygulaması ile yol çıkarımı
No full textDetermination of the optimal route in transportation activities is one of the major problems in transportation. Therefore, efficient techniques deserve our utmost attention to detect optimal routes. In this study, a novel method called Cluster Path Covering (CPC) has been developed and introduced to identify a route based on a sequence of location points on a network. There are already models to minimize the total path cost between the pair of nodes following a kind of sequence. However, our method aims to minimize the path cost, including the neighbourhood accessibility of the path nodes on the network. One of the major challenges for the new model is to reveal the accessibility costs between the nodes. The methodology presents the CPC method clustering the location points on a network and indicating the optimum point for each cluster. Then, the CPC method generates the best path by connecting the specific location points representing the clusters. Moreover, the shortest covering of the neighbourhood path problem (SCNPP) is introduced in this study. The novel CPC method is utilized for SCNPP, a distinctive version of the shortest covering path problem (SCPP). The performance of the CPC method is then tested on two different benchmark networks. According to the results, it provides robust and efficient outcomes for decreasing the routes' transportation costs (e.g., distances). The issues that can be solved via the CPC method include the accessibility costs of public transportation paths and the locations of stops by minimizing the costs.En uygun güzergâhın belirlenmesi ulaşım faaliyetlerindeki en büyük sorunlardan biridir. Bu nedenle, en uygun rotaları tespit etmek için etkili teknikler kullanılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, bir ağ üzerindeki konum noktaları dizisine dayalı bir rotayı tanımlamak için Küme Yolu Kaplama (CPC) adı verilen özgün bir yöntem geliştirilmiş ve tanıtılmıştır. Bir dizi üzerindeki düğüm noktaları çiftleri arasındaki toplam yol maliyetini en aza indirecek modeller hâlihazırda bulunmaktadır. Ancak bizim yöntemimiz, ağdaki düğümlerin komşu olduğu muhite erişilebilirliğini de göz önünde bulundurarak yol maliyetini en aza indirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu yeni yöntem için en büyük zorluklardan biri, düğümler arasındaki erişilebilirlik maliyetlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Metodolojimiz, bir ağ üzerindeki düğüm noktalarını kümeleyen ve her küme için optimum noktayı gösteren CPC yöntemini sunmaktadır. Bu yöntem, kümeleri temsil eden düğüm noktalarını birbirine bağlayarak en iyi yolu oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, komşu muhiti kaplayan en kısa yol probleminin (SCNPP) tanımı yapılmıştır. Yeni CPC yöntemi, kaplayan en kısa yol probleminin (SCPP) ayırt edici bir versiyonu olan SCNPP için kullanılmaktadır. İlaveten, CPC yönteminin performansı iki farklı kıyaslama ağında test edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre CPC yöntemi, güzergâhların ulaşım maliyetlerini (mesafeler gibi) azaltmak için güçlü ve etkin neticeleri bize sağlamaktadır. CPC yöntemi ile çözülebilecek sorunlar arasında, toplu taşıma güzergâhlarına mesafe açısından erişilebilirlik maliyetlerinin azaltılması ve durakların konumları arasındaki mesafelerin minimize edilmesi yer alabilir.No sponso